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Almeida VV, Yan H, Nakatsu CH, Ajuwon KM. Investigation of carryover effect of prior fibre consumption on growth, serum and tissue metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed a high-fat diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1053-1061. [PMID: 29654618 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carryover effect of prior fibre consumption on metabolic markers was investigated. Treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 factorial with 2 fibre sources, 4% inulin or cellulose (Solka-Floc®) and fat levels (5 or 15%) for the low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) respectively. Pigs were fed the two fibre diets for the first 56d (nursery phase), and thereafter fed either the LFD or HFD containing no added fibre source from d56 to 140 (growing phase). Pigs on the HFD were heavier (p = .05) than those on LF (64.61 vs. 68.38 kg), regardless of prior fibre type consumed. Pigs that were fed cellulose during the nursery and later fed the HFD had the highest ADG (p < .05). Feeding the HFD resulted in higher back fat (BF) (13.41 and 18.18 ± 0.12 mm for LFD and HFD, respectively; p < .01). The HFD resulted in higher (p < .01) insulin (0.014 and 0.016 ± 0.001 mg/L for LF and HF respectively) and glucose (100.89 and 125.03 ± 4.39 mg/dl for LF and HF respectively) concentrations in the serum. Inulin increased (p ≤ .02) jejunal expression of SREBP-1c and CL-4, but reduced (p < .05) TNFɑ and IL-6 expression in the ileum. Alpha-diversity was significantly different (p < .05) between the inulin and cellulose fed pigs at the end of the nursery and finishing phases. Therefore, inulin feeding before a HFD may lead to reduction in ADG and inflammatory markers in the small intestine of pigs, and thus prevent future metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ajuwon KM, Almeida VV. 720 Gene expression profile of porcine tissues in response to short-term feeding of dietary fiber followed by a high-fat diet. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Almeida VV, Nuñez AJC, Schinckel AP, Alvarenga PVA, Castelini FR, Silva-Guillen YV, Thomaz MC. Interactive effect of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp levels on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and hindgut fermentation of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:257-269. [PMID: 28177347 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Weanling pigs ( = 108, 21 d of age, 5.82 ± 0.16 kg initial BW) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of CP (high- and low-CP diets) and dried citrus pulp (DCP; 0% and 7.5%) on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and hindgut fermentation. Pigs were blocked by initial BW and allotted to 1 of 9 pens, each containing 3 pigs. The high-CP diets consisted of feeding 20% and 21% CP levels throughout phase 1 (0 to 14 d) and phase 2 (14 to 28 d), respectively. For the low-CP diets, CP levels were reduced by 4% units as compared with the high-CP diets in both phases. Crystalline AA were supplied to maintain an ideal AA pattern. Pig BW and pen feed disappearance were recorded weekly. On d 7 and 28 postweaning, 1 pig from each pen was euthanized for collection of small intestinal tissues and digesta from cecum and colon. There were no CP × DCP interactions for growth performance and gut morphology. Although the low-CP diet decreased ADG ( = 0.03) and G:F ( = 0.02) from d 21 to 28 postweaning, overall performance was unaffected by the treatments. On d 7 postweaning, pigs fed the low-CP diet tended to have increased ( = 0.09) crypt depth in the duodenum. Low-CP diets tended to increase ( = 0.06) crypt depth and reduce ( = 0.08) villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum on d 7. Dietary treatments did not affect ileal morphology. On d 7 postweaning, low-CP diets tended to reduce ( = 0.09) cecal total VFA, whereas dietary DCP inclusion tended to decrease ( = 0.07) colonic propionate. Including 7.5% DCP to the diet decreased ( < 0.05) colonic isovalerate and ammonia N concentrations on d 7 only for pigs fed the low-CP diet. On d 28 postweaning, DCP inclusion in low-CP diets decreased ( < 0.05) butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations in the cecum, as well as isovalerate, valerate, and ammonia N concentrations in the colon. Including 7.5% DCP to the diet increased ( < 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio in the hindgut on both d 7 and 28 postweaning only for pigs fed the high-CP diet. Lactate concentration was unaffected by the treatments. These results indicate that feeding low-CP AA-supplemented diets did not compromise overall growth performance, but slightly increased damage in the gut morphology of weanling pigs. Moreover, adding 7.5% DCP to low-CP AA-supplemented diets shifted the fermentation pattern in the hindgut of weanling pigs by decreasing protein fermentation metabolites.
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Almeida VV, Nuñez AJC, Schinckel AP, Alvarenga PVA, Castelini FR, Silva-Guillen YV, Thomaz MC. Interactive effect of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp levels on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and hindgut fermentation of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Almeida VV, Ajuwon KM. 0779 Effect of prior fiber consumption on diet-induced obesity susceptibility and metabolic health indicators in Ossabaw pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lu H, Yan H, Almeida VV, Adeola O, Ajuwon KM. Effects of dietary resistant starch content on nutrient and energy digestibility and fecal metabolomic profile in growing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Almeida VV, NuÒez AJC, Alvarenga PVA, Castelini FR, Silva-Guillen YV, Thomaz MC. 191 Impact of dietary protein and dried citrus pulp contents on gut morphology of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/msasas2016-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yan H, Lu H, Almeida VV, Ward MG, Adeola O, Nakatsu CH, Ajuwon KM. Effects of dietary resistant starch content on metabolic status, milk composition, and microbial profiling in lactating sows and on offspring performance. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:190-200. [PMID: 26848026 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dietary resistant starch (RS) content on serum metabolite and hormone concentrations, milk composition, and faecal microbial profiling in lactating sows, as well as on offspring performance was investigated. Sixteen sows were randomly allotted at breeding to two treatments containing low- and high-RS contents from normal and high-amylose corn varieties, respectively, and each treatment had eight replicates (sows). Individual piglet body weight (BW) and litter size were recorded at birth and weaning. Milk samples were obtained on day 10 after farrowing for composition analysis. On day 2 before weaning, blood and faecal samples were collected to determine serum metabolite and hormone concentrations and faecal microbial populations, respectively. Litter size at birth and weaning were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the sow dietary treatments. Although feeding the RS-rich diet to sows reduced (p = 0.004) offspring birth BW, there was no difference in piglet BW at weaning (p > 0.05). High-RS diet increased (p < 0.05) serum triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and milk total solid content, and tended (p = 0.09) to increase milk fat content in lactating sows. Feeding the RS-rich diet to sows increased (p < 0.01) faecal bacterial population diversity. These results indicate that high-RS diets induce fatty acid mobilization and a greater intestinal bacterial richness in lactating sows, as well as a greater nutrient density in maternal milk, without affecting offspring performance at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Lu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - V V Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M G Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Almeida VV, Nuñez AJC, Schinckel AP, Andrade C, Balieiro JCC, Sbardella M, Miyada VS. Time-response relationship of ractopamine feeding on growth performance, plasma urea nitrogen concentration, and carcass traits of finishing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:811-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A. J. C. Nuñez
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - A. P. Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - C. Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - J. C. C. Balieiro
- Department of Basic Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - M. Sbardella
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - V. S. Miyada
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
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