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Garifulin R, Davleeva M, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Markosyan V, Shevchenko R, Minyazeva I, Minekayev T, Lavrov I, Islamov R. Evaluation of the Autologous Genetically Enriched Leucoconcentrate on the Lumbar Spinal Cord Morpho-Functional Recovery in a Mini Pig with Thoracic Spine Contusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051331. [PMID: 37239001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) can be observed distant, rostral, or caudal to the epicenter of injury. These remote areas represent important therapeutic targets for post-traumatic spinal cord repair. The present study aimed to investigate the following in relation to SCI: distant changes in the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscles. METHODS The changes in the spinal cord, the tibial nerve, and the hind limb muscles were evaluated in control SCI animals and after intravenous infusion of autologous leucoconcentrate enriched with genes encoding neuroprotective factors (VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM), which previously demonstrated a positive effect on post-traumatic restoration. RESULTS Two months after thoracic contusion in the treated mini pigs, a positive remodeling of the macro- and microglial cells, expression of PSD95 and Chat in the lumbar spinal cord, and preservation of the number and morphological characteristics of the myelinated fibers in the tibial nerve were observed and were aligned with hind limb motor recovery and reduced soleus muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION Here, we show the positive effect of autologous genetically enriched leucoconcentrate-producing recombinant neuroprotective factors on targets distant to the primary lesion site in mini pigs with SCI. These findings open new perspectives for the therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil Garifulin
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Davleeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage Markosyan
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Roman Shevchenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Minyazeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tagir Minekayev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Lavrov
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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Safiullov Z, Izmailov A, Sokolov M, Markosyan V, Kundakchan G, Garifulin R, Shmarov M, Naroditsky B, Logunov D, Islamov R. Autologous Genetically Enriched Leucoconcentrate in the Preventive and Acute Phases of Stroke Treatment in a Mini-Pig Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102209. [PMID: 36297644 PMCID: PMC9611398 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural limitations of regeneration in the CNS are major problems for the treatment of neurological disorders, including ischaemic brain strokes. Among the approaches being actively developed to inhibit post-ischaemic negative consequences is the delivery of therapeutic genes encoding neuroprotective molecules to the brain. Unfortunately, there are currently no proven and available medicines that contain recombinant human genes for the treatment of ischaemic cerebral stroke. Of particular interest is the development of treatments for patients at risk of ischaemic stroke. In the present study, we propose a proof of concept for the use of an autologous, genetically enriched leucoconcentrate temporally secreting recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for the treatment of stroke. In a mini-pig ischaemic stroke model, genetically enriched leucoconcentrate was infused 4 h after surgery (gene therapy in acute phase) or 2 days before stroke modelling (preventive gene therapy). On day 21, after the stroke modelling, the post-ischaemic brain recovery was examined by morphologic and immunofluorescence analysis. The benefits of treating a stroke with genetically enriched leucoconcentrate both for preventive purposes and in the acute phase were confirmed by an improved performance in behavioural tests, higher preservation of brain tissue and positive post-ischaemic brain remodelling in the peri-infarct area. These results suggest that the employment of autologous leucocytes enabling the temporary production of the recombinant therapeutic molecules to correct the pathological process in the CNS may be one of the breakthrough approaches in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufar Safiullov
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage Markosyan
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Grayr Kundakchan
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ravil Garifulin
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maksim Shmarov
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Naroditsky
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Logunov
- The National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustem Islamov
- The Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Fadeev F, Eremeev A, Bashirov F, Shevchenko R, Izmailov A, Markosyan V, Sokolov M, Kalistratova J, Khalitova A, Garifulin R, Islamov R, Lavrov I. Combined Supra- and Sub-Lesional Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Restoration of the Motor Functions after Spinal Cord Injury in Mini Pigs. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100744. [PMID: 33081405 PMCID: PMC7650717 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of combined epidural electrical stimulation (EES) applied above (C5) and below (L2) the spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8–9 combined with motor training on the restoration of sensorimotor function in mini pigs. The motor evoked potentials (MEP) induced by EES applied at C5 and L2 levels were recorded in soleus muscles before and two weeks after SCI. EES treatment started two weeks after SCI and continued for 6 weeks led to improvement in multiple metrics, including behavioral, electrophysiological, and joint kinematics outcomes. In control animals after SCI a multiphasic M-response was observed during M/H-response testing, while animals received EES-enable training demonstrated the restoration of the M-response and H-reflex, although at a lower amplitude. The joint kinematic and assessment with Porcine Thoracic Injury Behavior scale (PTIBS) motor recovery scale demonstrated improvement in animals that received EES-enable training compared to animals with no treatment. The positive effect of two-level (cervical and lumbar) epidural electrical stimulation on functional restoration in mini pigs following spinal cord contusion injury in mini pigs could be related with facilitation of spinal circuitry at both levels and activation of multisegmental coordination. This approach can be taken as a basis for the future development of neuromodulation and neurorehabilitation therapy for patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Anton Eremeev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Farid Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Roman Shevchenko
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Vage Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Julia Kalistratova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Anastasiia Khalitova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Ravil Garifulin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.); (F.B.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (I.L.)
| | - Igor Lavrov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (R.I.); (I.L.)
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Markosyan V, Safiullov Z, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Sokolov M, Kuznetsov M, Trofimov D, Kim E, Kundakchyan G, Gibadullin A, Salafutdinov I, Nurullin L, Bashirov F, Islamov R. Preventive Triple Gene Therapy Reduces the Negative Consequences of Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury after Modelling Stroke in a Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186858. [PMID: 32962079 PMCID: PMC7558841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main fundamental and clinical interest for stroke therapy is focused on developing a neuroprotective treatment of a penumbra region within the therapeutic window. The development of treatments for ischemic stroke in at-risk patients is of particular interest. Preventive gene therapy may significantly reduce the negative consequences of ischemia-induced brain injury. In the present study, we suggest the approach of preventive gene therapy for stroke. Adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or gene engineered umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MC) overexpressing recombinant VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM were intrathecally injected before distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Post-ischemic brain recovery was investigated 21 days after stroke modelling. Morphometric and immunofluorescent analysis revealed a reduction of infarction volume accompanied with a lower number of apoptotic cells and decreased expression of Hsp70 in the peri-infarct region in gene-treated animals. The lower immunopositive areas for astrocytes and microglial cells markers, higher number of oligodendrocytes and increased expression of synaptic proteins suggest the inhibition of astrogliosis, supporting the corresponding myelination and functional recovery of neurons in animals receiving preventive gene therapy. In this study, for the first time, we provide evidence of the beneficial effects of preventive triple gene therapy by an adenoviral- or UCB-MC-mediated intrathecal simultaneous delivery combination of vegf165, gdnf, and ncam1 on the preservation and recovery of the brain in rats with subsequent modelling of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vage Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Zufar Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Maksim Kuznetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgeny Kim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Grayr Kundakchyan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Airat Gibadullin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilnur Salafutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Farid Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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