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Araklioti E, Herman L, Nguyen NQN, Roohi Ahangarani R, Erak M, Lauwerys B, Durez P, Geenen V, Winkler A, Van Mechelen M, Vander Elst L, Carlier V. THU0032 MODIFIED PEPTIDES AS A NOVEL IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent and severe systemic autoimmune disease associated with permanent disability and strong socio-economic burdens. Currently, there is no therapeutic treatment and RA patients rely on lifelong, costly treatments. Imcyse develops modified peptides eliciting antigen specific cytolytic CD4 T cells (cCD4+) that induce apoptosis of antigen presenting cells (APC) in a contact dependent manner. cCD4+ also induce apoptosis of autoantigen-specific bystander T-cells, activated by the same APC thus eliminating the risk of general immunosuppression. Peptides consist of MHC class II T cell epitopes of a target autoantigen modified in their flanking region by the addition of an amino acid sequence containing a thiol-disulphide oxidoreductase active motif1.Objectives:The goal of this study was to synthesize modified peptides from a target RA autoantigen and test their potency to generatein vitrospecific and cytolytic CD4+ T cells from RA patients.Methods:We designed modified peptides from a target RA autoantigen after in silico and in vitro assessment to identify MHC II core binding region, HLA class II binding capacities and physiochemical properties.CD4+ T cells were purified from PBMC of a newly diagnosed seropositive RA patient and co-cultured with autologous APC in the presence of the modified peptide. The CD4+ T cells were restimulated periodically. Peptide’s ability to generate specific CD4+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of the expression of surface activation marker CD154 (CD40L). The peptide specific CD4+ T cell lines were sorted based on their surface CD154 expression. Their pro-apoptotic activity was assessed after overnight (O/N) co-culture of CD4+ T cells with fluorescent tracer labelled autologous lymphoblastoid cells lines (LCL). Flow cytometry quantification of LCL apoptosis was measured by annexin V staining. MHC II restriction of CD4+ T cells was demonstrated by the addition of blocking antibodies against HLA-DR, DP or DQ molecules.Results:CD4+ T cells were in vitro expanded after six consecutive stimulations with the peptide. We investigated their specificity by flow cytometry and showed that 69% of CD4+ T cells that were stimulated O/N in the presence of the peptide expressed the activation marker CD154 versus 29% of CD4+ T cells that were stimulated in its absence. These cells were sorted based on CD154 expression following specific stimulation. Cell enrichment was then assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Data showed that more than 91% (background 3%) were peptide specific based on CD154 expression.After co-culture of CD4+ T cells with LCL, in independent experiments, Annexin V binding was detected on peptide loaded LCL, ranging from 69% to 89%, while when LCL were kept unloaded these values were between 30% and 55%, respectively, indicating that when specifically activated, these CD4+ T cells had pro-apoptotic activity. When both the peptide and blocking antibodies against HLA-DR, DP or DQ molecules added in the co-culture the pro-apoptotic activity was inhibited by 68%, 20% and 25%, respectively.Conclusion:The preliminary but very promising data show that our modified peptide generates peptide-specific CD4+ T cells with lytic properties that lyse target APC in an HLA class II specific manner. Our plan is to show that these CD4+ T cells can also induce apoptosis in bystander T cells and to further validate our results in additional RA donors.References:[1]Carlier, V. A., Vanderelst, L., Janssens, W. & Jacquemin, M. G. Increased Synapse Formation Obtained by T Cell Epitopes Containing a CxxC Motif in Flanking Residues Convert CD4 + T Cells into Cytolytic Effectors.7, (2012).Disclosure of Interests:Eleni Araklioti Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Ludivine Herman Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Ngoc Quynh Nhu Nguyen Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Roxana Roohi Ahangarani Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Milos Erak Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Bernard Lauwerys: None declared, Patrick Durez Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Vincent Geenen: None declared, Aaron Winkler Shareholder of: Shareholder of Pfizer, Inc, Employee of: Full time employee of Pfizer, Inc, Marcelle Van Mechelen Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Luc Vander Elst Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region, Vincent Carlier Grant/research support from: This work was supported by Pfizer Inc. and by Walloon Region
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Strubi-Vuillaume I, Carlier V, Obeuf C, Vasseur F, Maury JC, Maboudou P, Mangalaboyi J, Durocher A, Launay D, Noel C, Brousseau T. Gentle blood aspiration and tube cushioning reduce pneumatic tube system interference in lactate dehydrogenase assays. Ann Clin Biochem 2015; 53:295-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563215586600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Use of a hospital pneumatic tube system may be associated with measurement errors. Methods A venous blood sample was collected from 79 patients into a pair of lithium heparin tubes; one tube was sent to the laboratory by porter and the other was sent via the pneumatic tube system. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were then assayed. Results Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were overestimated (median bias: 18.8%) when evacuated vacuum lithium heparin tubes were sent by pneumatic tube system. This bias was reduced by bubble-wrapping the standard lithium heparin tube or using Monovette lithium heparin tubes in aspiration mode (median bias: +8.7% and −0.3%, respectively). Conclusions Cushioning and aspiration-mode sampling may limit pneumatic tube system-associated overestimation of lactate dehydrogenase concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Strubi-Vuillaume
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentine Carlier
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Obeuf
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francis Vasseur
- EA 2694, Unité de Biostatistique, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - J-Claude Maury
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrice Maboudou
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Mangalaboyi
- Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Durocher
- Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Calmette, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Noel
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Brousseau
- UF 8832 – Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
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van Overbeke E, Devaux J, Legras R, Carter J, McGrail P, Carlier V. Phase separation in epoxy-copolyethersulphone blends: morphologies and local characterisation by micro-Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Carlier V, Devaux J, Legras R, McGrail PT. The percentage of rigid chain length, (PRCL), a new concept for predicting glass transition temperatures and melting points of poly(aryl ether ketones) and poly(aryl ether sulfones). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00050a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carlier V, Sclavons M, Legras R. Supported dynamic mechanical thermal analysis: an easy, powerful and very sensitive technique to assess thermal properties of polymer, coating and even nanocoating. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carlier V, Sclavons M, Jonas AM, Jérôme R, Legras R. Probing Thermoplastic Matrix−Carbon Fiber Interphases. 1. Preferential Segregation of Low Molar Mass Chains to the Interface. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Carlier
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1-B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M. Sclavons
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1-B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A. M. Jonas
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1-B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. Jérôme
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1-B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. Legras
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1-B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Giovannacci I, Queguiner S, Ragimbeau C, Salvat G, Vendeuvre JL, Carlier V, Ermel G. Tracing of Salmonella spp. in two pork slaughter and cutting plants using serotyping and macrorestriction genotyping. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90:131-47. [PMID: 11155132 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The origin of Salmonella contamination of pork products is not well established. In order to further this knowledge, the transmission of Salmonella spp. from live pigs to pork cuts was investigated in two pork slaughter and cutting plants. METHODS AND RESULTS Salmonella spp. were isolated from both pork (pigs, carcasses, cuts) and the environment before and during slaughterhouse activities. Eight serotypes were identified. XbaI and SpeI macrorestriction distinguished 20 genotypes of Salmonella Typhimurium and 16 genotypes of Salmonella Derby. A major cluster of Salmonella Typhimurium genotypes was common to both plants and all pig-related genotypes, while a predominant pig-related Salmonella Derby genotype was common to both plants. CONCLUSION None of the Salmonella strains persisted for long periods in the pork-processing environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work shows that contaminated live pigs, because of bacterial spread due to the process and ineffective cleaning procedures, are involved in Salmonella contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giovannacci
- Centre Technique de la Salaison, de la Charcuterie et des Conserves de Viandes, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Abstract
A model was built to describe the influence of the temperature and the duration of pre-incubation on the lag time for regrowth of Listeria monocytogenes at low temperature. This model is consistent with the usual procedure used to calculate lag times of cultures growing under fluctuating temperatures. It also describes the effect of prolonged starvation conditions on the regrowth lag time and takes into account the influence of the physiological state of inocula in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Alimentaires d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Abstract
Growth data for Listeria monocytogenes were collected from the literature and a global model built with existing secondary models describing independently the effects of environmental factors on the growth rate and lag time was based on these data. The growth rates calculated with this model were consistent with the published ones but the fit was poor near the limits of growth of the micro-organism. The model was also less accurate to describe the lag time. It seems then that reliable predictions of the growth rate of L. monocytogenes could be obtained in a wide range of growth conditions, but models should take into account interactions between environmental factors. Furthermore, it is necessary to better model the lag phase duration and particularly to model the effect of the history of the inoculum on the subsequent lag time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Alimentaires d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Augustin JC, Carlier V. Modelling the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes with a multiplicative type model including interactions between environmental factors. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 56:53-70. [PMID: 10857925 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A multiplicative secondary model previously published to describe independently the effects of environmental factors on the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes (Augustin and Carlier, 2000) was improved by taking into account interactions between these environmental factors. The proposed model allowed to decrease the rate of fail-safe growth predicted from 13.5% to 12.1% and the rate of fail-dangerous no growth predicted from 16.1% to 7.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Alimentaires d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Augustin JC, Brouillaud-Delattre A, Rosso L, Carlier V. Significance of inoculum size in the lag time of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1706-10. [PMID: 10742265 PMCID: PMC92046 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.4.1706-1710.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1999] [Accepted: 01/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lag time of Listeria monocytogenes growing under suboptimal conditions (low nutrient concentrations, pH 6, and 6.5 degrees C) was extended when the inoculum was severely stressed by starvation and the inoculum size was very small. Predictive microbiology should deal with bacterial stress and stochastic approaches to improve its value for the agro-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Alimentaires d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
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Sclavons M, Franquinet P, Carlier V, Verfaillie G, Fallais I, Legras R, Laurent M, Thyrion F. Quantification of the maleic anhydride grafted onto polypropylene by chemical and viscosimetric titrations, and FTIR spectroscopy. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Giovannacci I, Ragimbeau C, Queguiner S, Salvat G, Vendeuvre JL, Carlier V, Ermel G. Listeria monocytogenes in pork slaughtering and cutting plants. Use of RAPD, PFGE and PCR-REA for tracing and molecular epidemiology. Int J Food Microbiol 1999; 53:127-40. [PMID: 10634704 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the origin of pork cuts contamination by Listeria monocytogenes, 287 isolates, collected from five French pork slaughtering and cutting plants, from live pigs to pork cuts, were characterised using three molecular typing methods: random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) carried out with five different primers, genomic macrorestriction using ApaI with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA) based on the polymorphism existing within the inlA and inlB genes. Results obtained from RAPD and PFGE were closely related and distinguished respectively 17 RAPD types (r1-r17) and 17 PFGE types (a1-a17) among the 287 isolates, whereas the PCR-REA analysis only yielded two profiles (p1 and p2). Considering the combined results obtained with the three molecular typing methods, 19 Listeria monocytogenes genotypes (1-19) were distinguished. Serotyping led at least four serotypes being distinguished: 1/2a, 3a, 1/2c and 3c. The application of genotyping identified the predominance of a Listeria monocytogenes strain of type (1) and other very closely related ones (5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 19) which were present on pork as well as in the environment within the five investigated plants. This study also pointed out the presence of these closely related Listeria monocytogenes strains over a 1-year period in the environments of two plants, even after cleaning and disinfection procedures. This highlights the possibility for some Listeria monocytogenes strains to persist in pork processing environments and raises the problem of the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection procedures used in pork slaughterhouses, chilling and cutting rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giovannacci
- Centre Technique de la Salaison, de la Charcuterie et Conserves de Viandes, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Vico S, Carlier V, Buess-Herman C. Spectroelectrochemical study of the influence of anions on the behaviour of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Augustin JC, Rosso L, Carlier V. Estimation of temperature dependent growth rate and lag time of Listeria monocytogenes by optical density measurements. J Microbiol Methods 1999; 38:137-46. [PMID: 10520594 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An automated turbidimetric system, Bioscreen C, was used to monitor growth of ten strains of Listeria monocytogenes at different temperatures. Several methods for estimation of maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) and lag time (lag) from turbidimetric data were compared to values estimated from viable count data. By using a calibration factor, reliable estimations of mu(max) could be obtained from turbidimetric measurements. On the other hand, accurate estimations of lag required some viable count data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Alimentaires d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons Alfort, France
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bollinne
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - V. W. Stone
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - V. Carlier
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A. M. Jonas
- Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
The heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes phagovar 2389/2425/3274/2671/47/108/340 (1992 French outbreak strain) in broth was studied at 55, 60 and 65 degrees C. Experiments were carried out on bacterial cultures in three different physiological states: cultures at the end of the log phase, cultures heat-shocked at 42 degrees C for 1 h, and subcultures of cells resistant to prolonged heating. Survivor curves were better fitted using a sigmoidal equation than the classical log-linear model. This approach was justified by the existence of heat resistance distributions within the bacterial populations. Peaks (log10 of heating time) of heat resistance distributions of untreated, heat-shocked, and selected cultures at 55, 60 and 65 degrees C were 0.34, -0.90 and -1.84 min, 0.74, -0.51 and -1.24 min, and 0.17, -0.94 and -1.45 min, respectively. The widths of the distributions are proportional to 0.29, 0.36 and 0.41 min0.5, 0.26, 0.36 and 0.41 min0.5, and 0.34, 0.44 and 0.41 min0.5. An increase in the thermal tolerance could then be induced by sublethal heat shock or by selection of heat resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Augustin
- Service d'Hygiène et Industrie des Denrées Animales et d'Origine Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, France
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De Roover B, Sclavons M, Carlier V, Devaux J, Legras R, Momtaz A. Molecular characterization of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.1995.080330509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carlier V, Devaux J, Legras R, McGrail P. About the synthesis of a high-temperature, crystalline poly[aryl ether(ketone-co-sulfone)]: 2. Model compounds study. POLYMER 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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