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Sleptcov A, Nazarenko M, Kazantsev A, Lebedev I, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V. Assessment Of Sfmbt1, Prkra, And Erlin1 Copy Number Variations In Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis Using Droplet Digital Pcr. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharysh D, Markov A, Sleptcov A, Valiakhmetov N, Kazantsev A, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V, Nazarenko M. Using Laser Capture Microdissection For Mirna Genes Methylation Analysis In Different Cell Types Of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Markov A, Zarubin A, Golubenko M, Babushkina N, Sharysh D, Valiakhmetov N, Kazantsev A, Burkov N, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V, Nazarenko M. Dna Methylation Level In Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques In The Setting Of Leukocyte Infiltration. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zarubin A, Markov A, Sharysh D, Nazarenko M, Puzyrev V, Barbarash O. Simultaneous Analysis Of Dna Methylation And Mirna Expression In Atherosclerotic Plaques Of Carotid Arteries. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tarasenko N, Goncharova I, Markov A, Sleptsov A, Pecherina T, Kashtalap V, Barbarash O, Panasenko A, Puzyrev V, Nasarenko M. Genetic Susceptibility To Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhernakova DV, Brukhin V, Malov S, Oleksyk TK, Koepfli KP, Zhuk A, Dobrynin P, Kliver S, Cherkasov N, Tamazian G, Rotkevich M, Krasheninnikova K, Evsyukov I, Sidorov S, Gorbunova A, Chernyaeva E, Shevchenko A, Kolchanova S, Komissarov A, Simonov S, Antonik A, Logachev A, Polev DE, Pavlova OA, Glotov AS, Ulantsev V, Noskova E, Davydova TK, Sivtseva TM, Limborska S, Balanovsky O, Osakovsky V, Novozhilov A, Puzyrev V, O'Brien SJ. Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia. Genomics 2019; 112:442-458. [PMID: 30902755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Russian Federation is the largest and one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, however no centralized reference database of genetic variation exists to date. Such data are crucial for medical genetics and essential for studying population history. The Genome Russia Project aims at filling this gap by performing whole genome sequencing and analysis of peoples of the Russian Federation. Here we report the characterization of genome-wide variation of 264 healthy adults, including 60 newly sequenced samples. People of Russia carry known and novel genetic variants of adaptive, clinical and functional consequence that in many cases show allele frequency divergence from neighboring populations. Population genetics analyses revealed six phylogeographic partitions among indigenous ethnicities corresponding to their geographic locales. This study presents a characterization of population-specific genomic variation in Russia with results important for medical genetics and for understanding the dynamic population history of the world's largest country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Zhernakova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vladimir Brukhin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Malov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Mathematics, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Taras K Oleksyk
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Klaus Peter Koepfli
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Zhuk
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Dobrynin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergei Kliver
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Cherkasov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Gaik Tamazian
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Rotkevich
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Krasheninnikova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Evsyukov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Gorbunova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Chernyaeva
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Shevchenko
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia Kolchanova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
| | - Alexei Komissarov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Serguei Simonov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Antonik
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Logachev
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii E Polev
- Centre Biobank, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Pavlova
- Centre Biobank, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Laboratory of biobanking and genomic medicine of Institute of translation biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Ulantsev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Noskova
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; JetBrains Research, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana K Davydova
- Federal State Budgetary Scietific Institution, "Yakut science center of complex medical problems", Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana M Sivtseva
- Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Biobank of North Eurasia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Osakovsky
- Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Novozhilov
- Department of Ethnography and Anthropology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Puzyrev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33004, USA.
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Sleptsov A, Nazarenko M, Skryabin N, Denisov E, Tashireva L, lebedev I, Puzyrev V. Genomic alterations in cells involved in the atherosclerotic process. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koroleva I, Nazarenko M, Markov A, Kazantzev A, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V. The methylation level of MIR10B and MIR21 genes promoters in carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zarubin A, Markov A, Sharysh D, Barbarash O, Nazarenko M, Puzyrev V. Accounting leukocyte infiltration in genome-wide DNA methylation studies of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Triska P, Chekanov N, Stepanov V, Khusnutdinova EK, Kumar GPA, Akhmetova V, Babalyan K, Boulygina E, Kharkov V, Gubina M, Khidiyatova I, Khitrinskaya I, Khrameeva EE, Khusainova R, Konovalova N, Litvinov S, Marusin A, Mazur AM, Puzyrev V, Ivanoshchuk D, Spiridonova M, Teslyuk A, Tsygankova S, Triska M, Trofimova N, Vajda E, Balanovsky O, Baranova A, Skryabin K, Tatarinova TV, Prokhortchouk E. Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe. BMC Genet 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 29297395 PMCID: PMC5751809 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The history of human populations occupying the plains and mountain ridges separating Europe from Asia has been eventful, as these natural obstacles were crossed westward by multiple waves of Turkic and Uralic-speaking migrants as well as eastward by Europeans. Unfortunately, the material records of history of this region are not dense enough to reconstruct details of population history. These considerations stimulate growing interest to obtain a genetic picture of the demographic history of migrations and admixture in Northern Eurasia. RESULTS We genotyped and analyzed 1076 individuals from 30 populations with geographical coverage spanning from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake. Our dense sampling allowed us to describe in detail the population structure, provide insight into genomic history of numerous European and Asian populations, and significantly increase quantity of genetic data available for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. Our study doubles the amount of genome-wide profiles available for this region. We detected unusually high amount of shared identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic segments between several Siberian populations, such as Khanty and Ket, providing evidence of genetic relatedness across vast geographic distances and between speakers of different language families. Additionally, we observed excessive IBD sharing between Khanty and Bashkir, a group of Turkic speakers from Southern Urals region. While adding some weight to the "Finno-Ugric" origin of Bashkir, our studies highlighted that the Bashkir genepool lacks the main "core", being a multi-layered amalgamation of Turkic, Ugric, Finnish and Indo-European contributions, which points at intricacy of genetic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. Comparison of the genetic structure of Siberian ethnicities and the geography of the region they inhabit point at existence of the "Great Siberian Vortex" directing genetic exchanges in populations across the Siberian part of Asia. Slavic speakers of Eastern Europe are, in general, very similar in their genetic composition. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians have almost identical proportions of Caucasus and Northern European components and have virtually no Asian influence. We capitalized on wide geographic span of our sampling to address intriguing question about the place of origin of Russian Starovers, an enigmatic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers religious group relocated to Siberia in seventeenth century. A comparative reAdmix analysis, complemented by IBD sharing, placed their roots in the region of the Northern European Plain, occupied by North Russians and Finno-Ugric Komi and Karelian people. Russians from Novosibirsk and Russian Starover exhibit ancestral proportions close to that of European Eastern Slavs, however, they also include between five to 10 % of Central Siberian ancestry, not present at this level in their European counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our project has patched the hole in the genetic map of Eurasia: we demonstrated complexity of genetic structure of Northern Eurasians, existence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient populations into modern populations.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Asia
- DNA
- Datasets as Topic
- Emigration and Immigration/history
- Ethnicity/genetics
- Europe
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genetics, Population
- Genotyping Techniques
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Male
- Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Triska
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikolay Chekanov
- Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
- "Genoanalytica" CJSC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Stepanov
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Vita Akhmetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Konstantin Babalyan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Bio-Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Kharkov
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Gubina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Khidiyatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Irina Khitrinskaya
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Khrameeva
- "Genoanalytica" CJSC, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Litvinov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Andrey Marusin
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr M Mazur
- Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Puzyrev
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dinara Ivanoshchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Spiridonova
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton Teslyuk
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Bio-Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Tsygankova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Bio-Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Triska
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalya Trofimova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Edward Vajda
- Department of Modern and Classical Languages, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Skryabin
- Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia
- Russian Scientific Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Tatarinova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
- Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA.
- A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Federal State Institution "Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Nazarenko M, Sleptcov A, Lebedev I, Skryabin N, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V. Copy number variations in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sleptcov A, Nazarenko M, Scryabin N, Tashireva L, Denisov E, Lebedev I, Puzyrev V. Analysis of genomic rearrangements in macrophages dissected from human atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sleptcov A, Nazarenko M, Lebedev I, Skryabin N, Barbarash O, Puzyrev V. Genomic rearrangements in human atherosclerotic vascular tissues. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Varzari A, Kharkov V, Stephan W, Dergachev V, Puzyrev V, Weiss EH, Stepanov V. Searching for the origin of Gagauzes: inferences from Y-chromosome analysis. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 21:326-36. [PMID: 19107901 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gagauzes are a small Turkish-speaking ethnic group living mostly in southern Moldova and northeastern Bulgaria. The origin of the Gagauzes is obscure. They may be descendants of the Turkic nomadic tribes from the Eurasian steppes, as suggested by the "Steppe" hypothesis, or have a complex Anatolian-steppe origin, as postulated by the "Seljuk" or "Anatolian" hypothesis. To distinguish these hypotheses, a sample of 89 Y-chromosomes representing two Gagauz populations from the Republic of Moldova was analyzed for 28 binary and seven STR polymorphisms. In the gene pool of the Gagauzes a total of 15 Y-haplogroups were identified, the most common being I-P37 (20.2%), R-M17 (19.1%), G-M201 (13.5%), R-M269 (12.4%), and E-M78 (11.1%). The present Gagauz populations were compared with other Balkan, Anatolian, and Central Asian populations by means of genetic distances, nonmetric multidimentional scaling and analyses of molecular variance. The analyses showed that Gagauzes belong to the Balkan populations, suggesting that the Gagauz language represents a case of language replacement in southeastern Europe. Interestingly, the detailed study of microsatellite haplotypes revealed some sharing between the Gagauz and Turkish lineages, providing some support of the hypothesis of the "Seljuk origin" of the Gagauzes. The faster evolving microsatellite loci showed that the two Gagauz samples investigated do not represent a homogeneous group. This finding matches the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of the Gagauzes well, suggesting a crucial role of social factors in shaping the Gagauz Y-chromosome pool and possibly also of effects of genetic drift.
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Makeeva O, Stepanov V, Puzyrev V, Goldstein DB, Grossman I. Global pharmacogenetics: genetic substructure of Eurasian populations and its effect on variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:847-68. [PMID: 18597650 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.7.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the frequency distribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) functional genetic variants in five Eurasian populations from the territory of Siberia in Russia. MATERIALS & METHODS Unrelated healthy Tuvinians, Buryats, Altaians, Yakuts and Russians (n = 87-88) were genotyped for CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6. Standard pairwise genetic distances, locus-specific and global Fst statistics were calculated. RESULTS CYP allele and genotype frequencies demonstrated significant variability. Overall, the degree of between-population variance displayed by CYP SNPs was lower than that recorded from neutral short tandem repeats and Alu-insertion polymorphism, indicating evolutionary conservation of CYP polymorphisms. CYP-based genetic distances were well correlated with the geographic distances across populations (r = 0.822, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Although the tested variants were present in the neighboring, yet secluded, populations at the expected range of frequencies, the observed frequencies were significantly variable across Eurasian populations, indicating potential relevance to clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Makeeva
- Tomsk Research Institute of Medical Genetics, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10 Nab. Ushaiky, Tomsk, 634050 Russia.
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Loogväli EL, Roostalu U, Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, Tambets K, Reidla M, Tolk HV, Parik J, Pennarun E, Laos S, Lunkina A, Golubenko M, Barac L, Pericic M, Balanovsky OP, Gusar V, Khusnutdinova EK, Stepanov V, Puzyrev V, Rudan P, Balanovska EV, Grechanina E, Richard C, Moisan JP, Chaventré A, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI, Michalodimitrakis EN, Claustres M, Gölge M, Mikerezi I, Usanga E, Villems R. Disuniting uniformity: a pied cladistic canvas of mtDNA haplogroup H in Eurasia. Mol Biol Evol 2004. [PMID: 15254257 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh209msh209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been often stated that the overall pattern of human maternal lineages in Europe is largely uniform. Yet this uniformity may also result from an insufficient depth and width of the phylogenetic analysis, in particular of the predominant western Eurasian haplogroup (Hg) H that comprises nearly a half of the European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pool. Making use of the coding sequence information from 267 mtDNA Hg H sequences, we have analyzed 830 mtDNA genomes, from 11 European, Near and Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Altaian populations. In addition to the seven previously specified subhaplogroups, we define fifteen novel subclades of Hg H present in the extant human populations of western Eurasia. The refinement of the phylogenetic resolution has allowed us to resolve a large number of homoplasies in phylogenetic trees of Hg H based on the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mtDNA. As many as 50 out of 125 polymorphic positions in HVS-I were found to be mutated in more than one subcluster of Hg H. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that sub-Hgs H1*, H1b, H1f, H2a, H3, H6a, H6b, and H8 demonstrate distinct phylogeographic patterns. The monophyletic subhaplogroups of Hg H provide means for further progress in the understanding of the (pre)historic movements of women in Eurasia and for the understanding of the present-day genetic diversity of western Eurasians in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Liis Loogväli
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
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Loogväli EL, Roostalu U, Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, Tambets K, Reidla M, Tolk HV, Parik J, Pennarun E, Laos S, Lunkina A, Golubenko M, Barac L, Pericic M, Balanovsky OP, Gusar V, Khusnutdinova EK, Stepanov V, Puzyrev V, Rudan P, Balanovska EV, Grechanina E, Richard C, Moisan JP, Chaventré A, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI, Michalodimitrakis EN, Claustres M, Gölge M, Mikerezi I, Usanga E, Villems R. Disuniting uniformity: a pied cladistic canvas of mtDNA haplogroup H in Eurasia. Mol Biol Evol 2004; 21:2012-21. [PMID: 15254257 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been often stated that the overall pattern of human maternal lineages in Europe is largely uniform. Yet this uniformity may also result from an insufficient depth and width of the phylogenetic analysis, in particular of the predominant western Eurasian haplogroup (Hg) H that comprises nearly a half of the European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pool. Making use of the coding sequence information from 267 mtDNA Hg H sequences, we have analyzed 830 mtDNA genomes, from 11 European, Near and Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Altaian populations. In addition to the seven previously specified subhaplogroups, we define fifteen novel subclades of Hg H present in the extant human populations of western Eurasia. The refinement of the phylogenetic resolution has allowed us to resolve a large number of homoplasies in phylogenetic trees of Hg H based on the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mtDNA. As many as 50 out of 125 polymorphic positions in HVS-I were found to be mutated in more than one subcluster of Hg H. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that sub-Hgs H1*, H1b, H1f, H2a, H3, H6a, H6b, and H8 demonstrate distinct phylogeographic patterns. The monophyletic subhaplogroups of Hg H provide means for further progress in the understanding of the (pre)historic movements of women in Eurasia and for the understanding of the present-day genetic diversity of western Eurasians in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Liis Loogväli
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
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York DS, Blum VM, Low JA, Rowold DJ, Puzyrev V, Saliukov V, Odinokova O, Herrera RJ. Phylogenetic signals from point mutations and polymorphic Alu insertions. Genetica 2000; 107:163-70. [PMID: 10952209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Allelic frequency data derived from five polymorphic Alu insertion loci and five point mutation polymorphic loci were compared to determine their ability to infer phylogenetic relationships among human populations. While point mutation polymorphisms inferred a monophyletic Caucasian clade that is corroborated by other studies, these data failed to support the generally accepted monophyly of Orientals with native Americans. In addition, there is less statistical bootstrap support for the maximum-likelihood tree derived from the point mutation polymorphisms as compared to those generated from either the Alu insertion data or the combined Alu insertion + point mutation data. The Alu data and the combined Alu insertion + point mutation data inferred a monophyletic relationship among the Oriental and native American populations. The Alu insertion data and the combined Alu insertion + point mutation data also displayed two separate, well defined, tight clusters of the Caucasian and the Oriental + native American populations which was not inferred from the point mutation data. These findings indicate greater phylogenetic information contained in Alu insertion frequencies than in allelic frequencies derived from point-mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S York
- Biology Department, Hillsdale College, MI 49242, USA
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