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Pelah A, Sarangi V, de Villiers E, Shenker N, Stone T, Estibeiro P, Barenholtz E, Levy X, Fields G. An artificial intelligence platform for movement analysis and rehabilitation: Clinical applications of stepsense to complex pain and long covid. Physiotherapy 2022. [PMCID: PMC8848157 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ella R, Reddy S, Blackwelder W, Potdar V, Yadav P, Sarangi V, Aileni VK, Kanungo S, Rai S, Reddy P, Verma S, Singh C, Redkar S, Mohapatra S, Pandey A, Ranganadin P, Gumashta R, Multani M, Mohammad S, Bhatt P, Kumari L, Sapkal G, Gupta N, Abraham P, Panda S, Prasad S, Bhargava B, Ella K, Vadrevu KM. Efficacy, safety, and lot-to-lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): interim results of a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021; 398:2173-2184. [PMID: 34774196 PMCID: PMC8584828 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the clinical efficacy against COVID-19 infection of BBV152, a whole virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule adsorbed to alum (Algel-IMDG) in Indian adults. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 clinical trial in 25 Indian hospitals or medical clinics to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunological lot consistency of BBV152. Adults (age ≥18 years) who were healthy or had stable chronic medical conditions (not an immunocompromising condition or requiring treatment with immunosuppressive therapy) were randomised 1:1 with a computer-generated randomisation scheme (stratified for the presence or absence of chronic conditions) to receive two intramuscular doses of vaccine or placebo administered 4 weeks apart. Participants, investigators, study coordinators, study-related personnel, the sponsor, and nurses who administered the vaccines were masked to treatment group allocation; an unmasked contract research organisation and a masked expert adjudication panel assessed outcomes. The primary outcome was the efficacy of the BBV152 vaccine in preventing a first occurrence of laboratory-confirmed (RT-PCR-positive) symptomatic COVID-19 (any severity), occurring at least 14 days after the second dose in the per-protocol population. We also assessed safety and reactogenicity throughout the duration of the study in all participants who had received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo. This report contains interim results (data cutoff May 17, 2021) regarding immunogenicity and safety outcomes (captured on days 0 to 56) and efficacy results with a median of 99 days for the study population. The trial was registered on the Indian Clinical Trials Registry India, CTRI/2020/11/028976, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04641481 (active, not recruiting). FINDINGS Between Nov 16, 2020, and Jan 7, 2021, we recruited 25 798 participants who were randomly assigned to receive BBV152 or placebo; 24 419 received two doses of BBV152 (n=12 221) or placebo (n=12 198). Efficacy analysis was dependent on having 130 cases of symptomatic COVID-19, which occurred when 16 973 initially seronegative participants had at least 14 days follow-up after the second dose. 24 (0·3%) cases occurred among 8471 vaccine recipients and 106 (1·2%) among 8502 placebo recipients, giving an overall estimated vaccine efficacy of 77·8% (95% CI 65·2-86·4). In the safety population (n=25 753), 5959 adverse events occurred in 3194 participants. BBV152 was well tolerated; the same proportion of participants reported adverse events in the vaccine group (1597 [12·4%] of 12 879) and placebo group (1597 [12·4%] of 12 874), with no clinically significant differences in the distributions of solicited, unsolicited, or serious adverse events between the groups, and no cases of anaphylaxis or vaccine-related deaths. INTERPRETATION BBV152 was highly efficacious against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 disease in adults. Vaccination was well tolerated with no safety concerns raised in this interim analysis. FUNDING Bharat Biotech International and Indian Council of Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raches Ella
- Bharat Biotech International, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Varsha Potdar
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Suman Kanungo
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, Kolkatta, India
| | - Sanjay Rai
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Savita Verma
- Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | | - Anil Pandey
- ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Raghavendra Gumashta
- Department of Community Medicine, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, People's University, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Parul Bhatt
- GMERS Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Gajanan Sapkal
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Priya Abraham
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sai Prasad
- Bharat Biotech International, Hyderabad, India
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Vadrevu KM, Raju D, Rani S, Reddy S, Sarangi V, Ella R, Javvaji B, Mahantshetty NS, Battu S, Levine MM. Persisting antibody responses to Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Typbar TCV®) vaccine up to 7 years following primary vaccination of children < 2 years of age with, or without, a booster vaccination. Vaccine 2021; 39:6682-6690. [PMID: 34625288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum IgG anti-Vi titers attained by 327 children 6-23 months of age immunized with Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV®), of whom 193/327 received a booster dose 2 years post-primary vaccination, were previously reported. METHODS Anti-Vi IgG in boosted and unboosted children 3, 5, and 7 years post-primary immunization were monitored using three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs): Vacczyme™ kit ELISA (all specimens); "Szu" ELISA (all specimens), and National Institute of Biological Standards NIBSC ELISA (subset). Endpoints analyzed included: persisting seroconversion (titer remaining ≥ 4-fold above baseline), geometric mean titer (GMT), geometric mean-fold rise post-vaccination, and percent exhibiting putative protective anti-Vi level (≥2 µgSzu/ml) using Szu method and National Institutes of Health IgG reference standard. In assessing the persistence of elevated anti-Vi titers stimulated by Typbar-TCV®, four subgroups were compared based on whether or not the initially enrolled children were boosted on day 720 and whether they provided serum on all key timepoints, or if they missed one or more timepoints: i) Among boosted participants, an "All Specimens Cohort" (ASC) comprised 86 children who provided sera on days 42, 720 (booster), 762 (42 days post-booster), 1095, 1825 and 2555, to define kinetics of the Vi antibody response in a fully compliant cohort of boosted children monitored over seven years; ii) Among non-boosted subjects, a compliant All Specimens Cohort of 25 children provided sera on days 0, 42, 720, 1095, 1825, and 2555; iii) Among boosted children, an "Any Available Specimen" (AAS) subgroup consisted of boosted children who provided sera on days 0, 42, and 720 days and also on one or more of days 762, 1095, 1825, or 2555 but not on all those time points; iv) Among the non-boosted subjects, there was also an Any Available Specimen subgroup of 47 children who provided sera on days 0 and 42, of whom 41 subsequently contributed sera on one or more of days 1095, 1825 and 2555. RESULTS Vacczyme™ GMTs among boosted ASC children (N = 86) increased significantly on day 762, and remained 32-fold, 14-fold, and 10-fold over baseline at 3, 5 and 7 years; among unboosted ASC children (N = 25), GMTs remained 21-fold, 8-fold and 5-fold over baseline, respectively. Post-primary vaccination, 72% and 44% of unboosted ASC subjects (N = 25) exhibited persisting seroconversion by Vacczyme™ at 5 and 7 years, respectively; the corresponding numbers for ASC boosted subjects were 84% and 71%. Amongst the four sub-groups, boosted subjects showed higher prevalence of persisting seroconversion at most time points with the gap widening by 7th year, though not statistically significant (except 3rd year). Tested by Szu and also NIBSC ELISAs, 92-100% of unboosted ASC children showed persisting seroconversion at 7 years with 100% also exceeding the Szu protective threshold. CONCLUSION To extend protection, administering a booster of Typbar TCV® to children ∼5 years after their primary dose, i.e., coinciding with school entry, may be advisable. Typbar TCV® is presently the only WHO pre-qualified Vi conjugate vaccine with reported efficacy, effectiveness, and long-term immunogenicity findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dugyala Raju
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandhya Rani
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siddharth Reddy
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vamshi Sarangi
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raches Ella
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | | | | | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Reddy R, Reddy B, Sarangi V, Reddy S, Ella R, Vadrevu KM. A multi-centre, post-marketing surveillance study of Vi polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV®) in India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1947761. [PMID: 34242128 PMCID: PMC8920194 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1947761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A typhoid Vi capsular-polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar-TCV®) was recommended by the World Health Organization for use in children >6 months of age. The present post-marketing surveillance study was intended to assess the clinical safety of approximately 11 million doses of TCV sold till 2019 in a diverse age range Indian population. Both active and passive post-marketing surveillance studies were conducted at multiple centers. Active surveillance was performed in two periods, Period-I: February to October 2016, Period-II: April 2017 to October 2018. In Period-II, the Brighton Collaboration Criteria adverse event case definitions were used. Passive surveillance was performed from February 2016 to December 2019 through voluntary reporting by pediatricians across India. During the active surveillance, 1147 adverse events were reported among 4,991 (23.0%) subjects in Period-I, and 596 adverse events among 3898 (21.3%) subjects in Period-II. The most frequent adverse events were fever (9.2% and 12.02%in Periods I and II, respectively), pain at the injection site (8.3% and 7.33%), and swelling (4.0% and 1.93%). No serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported during either Period. Passive surveillance revealed 235 adverse events, including 25 SAEs requiring hospitalization, of which two were due to typhoid fever. All the events mentioned above occurred within one week of vaccination, and all the subjects have recovered from AEs with medications. All reported adverse events resolved with no clinical sequelae. Observations in this study are consistent with the pre-licensure studies with no additional safety signals detected, confirming that Typbar-TCV® is safe. Abbreviations: AE: Adverse event; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; PMS: Post-marketing surveillance; SAE: Serious adverse event; TCV: Vi-polysaccharide tetanus –toxoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar-TCV®)
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Reddy
- Medical Affairs Department, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhargav Reddy
- Medical Affairs Department, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vamshi Sarangi
- Medical Affairs Department, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siddharth Reddy
- Medical Affairs Department, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raches Ella
- Medical Affairs Department, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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Ella R, Reddy S, Jogdand H, Sarangi V, Ganneru B, Prasad S, Das D, Raju D, Praturi U, Sapkal G, Yadav P, Reddy P, Verma S, Singh C, Redkar SV, Gillurkar CS, Kushwaha JS, Mohapatra S, Bhate A, Rai S, Panda S, Abraham P, Gupta N, Ella K, Bhargava B, Vadrevu KM. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:950-961. [PMID: 33705727 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.21.20248643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (3 μg or 6 μg) formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule (IMDG) adsorbed to alum (Algel). We previously reported findings from a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial on the safety and immunogenicity of three different formulations of BBV152 (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) and one Algel-only control (no antigen), with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 14. The 3 μg and 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for this phase 2 study. Herein, we report interim findings of the phase 2 trial on the immunogenicity and safety of BBV152, with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 28. METHODS We did a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of BBV152 in healthy adults and adolescents (aged 12-65 years) at nine hospitals in India. Participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and serology tests were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 3 μg with Algel-IMDG or 6 μg with Algel-IMDG. Block randomisation was done by use of an interactive web response system. Participants, investigators, study coordinators, study-related personnel, and the sponsor were masked to treatment group allocation. Two intramuscular doses of vaccine were administered on day 0 and day 28. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 wild-type neutralising antibody titres and seroconversion rates (defined as a post-vaccination titre that was at least four-fold higher than the baseline titre) at 4 weeks after the second dose (day 56), measured by use of the plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) and the microneutralisation test (MNT50). The primary outcome was assessed in all participants who had received both doses of the vaccine. Cell-mediated responses were a secondary outcome and were assessed by T-helper-1 (Th1)/Th2 profiling at 2 weeks after the second dose (day 42). Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In addition, we report immunogenicity results from a follow-up blood draw collected from phase 1 trial participants at 3 months after they received the second dose (day 104). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04471519. FINDINGS Between Sept 5 and 12, 2020, 921 participants were screened, of whom 380 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (n=190) or 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (n=190). Geometric mean titres (GMTs; PRNT50) at day 56 were significantly higher in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (197·0 [95% CI 155·6-249·4]) than the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (100·9 [74·1-137·4]; p=0·0041). Seroconversion based on PRNT50 at day 56 was reported in 171 (92·9% [95% CI 88·2-96·2] of 184 participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 174 (98·3% [95·1-99·6]) of 177 participants in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. GMTs (MNT50) at day 56 were 92·5 (95% CI 77·7-110·2) in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 160·1 (135·8-188·8) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. Seroconversion based on MNT50 at day 56 was reported in 162 (88·0% [95% CI 82·4-92·3]) of 184 participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 171 (96·6% [92·8-98·8]) of 177 participants in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. The 3 μg with Algel-IMDG and 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulations elicited T-cell responses that were biased to a Th1 phenotype at day 42. No significant difference in the proportion of participants who had a solicited local or systemic adverse reaction in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (38 [20·0%; 95% CI 14·7-26·5] of 190) and the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (40 [21·1%; 15·5-27·5] of 190) was observed on days 0-7 and days 28-35; no serious adverse events were reported in the study. From the phase 1 trial, 3-month post-second-dose GMTs (MNT50) were 39·9 (95% CI 32·0-49·9) in the 3μg with Algel-IMDG group, 69·5 (53·7-89·9) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 53·3 (40·1-71·0) in the 6 μg with Algel group, and 20·7 (14·5-29·5) in the Algel alone group. INTERPRETATION In the phase 1 trial, BBV152 induced high neutralising antibody responses that remained elevated in all participants at 3 months after the second vaccination. In the phase 2 trial, BBV152 showed better reactogenicity and safety outcomes, and enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses compared with the phase 1 trial. The 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulation has been selected for the phase 3 efficacy trial. FUNDING Bharat Biotech International. TRANSLATION For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Savita Verma
- Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanjay Rai
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Krull J, Wenzl K, Manske MK, Hopper MA, Larson MC, Sarangi V, Barman P, Serres MR, Khan S, Novak AJ, Maurer MJ, Yang Z, Rimsza L, Link BK, Habermann TM, Ansell SM, King RL, Cerhan JR, Novak JP. SOMATIC ALTERATIONS IN FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA ASSOCIATE WITH UNIQUE TUMOR‐CELL TRANCRIPTIONAL STATES AND TUMOR‐IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENTS. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.41_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Krull
- Mayo Clinic, Hematology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - K. Wenzl
- Mayo Clinic, Hematology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - M. C. Larson
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - V. Sarangi
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - P. Barman
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | - S. Khan
- Mayo Clinic, Hematology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - A. J. Novak
- Mayo Clinic, Hematology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - M. J. Maurer
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Z. Yang
- Mayo Clinic, Hematology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - L. Rimsza
- Mayo Clinic Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - B. K. Link
- University of Iowa Hematology Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | | | - R. L. King
- Mayo Clinic, Hematopathology Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - J. R. Cerhan
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - J. P. Novak
- Mayo Clinic, Health Science Research Rochester Minnesota USA
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Ella R, Vadrevu KM, Jogdand H, Prasad S, Reddy S, Sarangi V, Ganneru B, Sapkal G, Yadav P, Abraham P, Panda S, Gupta N, Reddy P, Verma S, Kumar Rai S, Singh C, Redkar SV, Gillurkar CS, Kushwaha JS, Mohapatra S, Rao V, Guleria R, Ella K, Bhargava B. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: a double-blind, randomised, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:637-646. [PMID: 33485468 PMCID: PMC7825810 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To mitigate the effects of COVID-19, a vaccine is urgently needed. BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule adsorbed to alum (Algel-IMDG) or alum (Algel). METHODS We did a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of BBV152 at 11 hospitals across India. Healthy adults aged 18-55 years who were deemed healthy by the investigator were eligible. Individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and/or serology tests were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either one of three vaccine formulations (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) or an Algel only control vaccine group. Block randomisation was done with a web response platform. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment group allocation. Two intramuscular doses of vaccines were administered on day 0 (the day of randomisation) and day 14. Primary outcomes were solicited local and systemic reactogenicity events at 2 h and 7 days after vaccination and throughout the full study duration, including serious adverse events. Secondary outcome was seroconversion (at least four-fold increase from baseline) based on wild-type virus neutralisation. Cell-mediated responses were evaluated by intracellular staining and ELISpot. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04471519). FINDINGS Between July 13 and 30, 2020, 827 participants were screened, of whom 375 were enrolled. Among the enrolled participants, 100 each were randomly assigned to the three vaccine groups, and 75 were randomly assigned to the control group (Algel only). After both doses, solicited local and systemic adverse reactions were reported by 17 (17%; 95% CI 10·5-26·1) participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 21 (21%; 13·8-30·5) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 14 (14%; 8·1-22·7) in the 6 μg with Algel group, and ten (10%; 6·9-23·6) in the Algel-only group. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain (17 [5%] of 375 participants), headache (13 [3%]), fatigue (11 [3%]), fever (nine [2%]), and nausea or vomiting (seven [2%]). All solicited adverse events were mild (43 [69%] of 62) or moderate (19 [31%]) and were more frequent after the first dose. One serious adverse event of viral pneumonitis was reported in the 6 μg with Algel group, unrelated to the vaccine. Seroconversion rates (%) were 87·9, 91·9, and 82·8 in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, and 6 μg with Algel groups, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in a subset of 16 participants from both Algel-IMDG groups. INTERPRETATION BBV152 led to tolerable safety outcomes and enhanced immune responses. Both Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for phase 2 immunogenicity trials. Further efficacy trials are warranted. FUNDING Bharat Biotech International.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Mohan Vadrevu
- Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India,Correspondence to: Dr Krishna Mohan Vadrevu, Bharat Biotech, Genome Valley, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Savita Verma
- Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Venkat Rao
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
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Ella R, Vadrevu KM, Jogdand H, Prasad S, Reddy S, Sarangi V, Ganneru B, Sapkal G, Yadav P, Abraham P, Panda S, Gupta N, Reddy P, Verma S, Kumar Rai S, Singh C, Redkar SV, Gillurkar CS, Kushwaha JS, Mohapatra S, Rao V, Guleria R, Ella K, Bhargava B. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: a double-blind, randomised, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:637-646. [PMID: 33485468 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.11.20210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To mitigate the effects of COVID-19, a vaccine is urgently needed. BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule adsorbed to alum (Algel-IMDG) or alum (Algel). METHODS We did a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of BBV152 at 11 hospitals across India. Healthy adults aged 18-55 years who were deemed healthy by the investigator were eligible. Individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and/or serology tests were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either one of three vaccine formulations (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) or an Algel only control vaccine group. Block randomisation was done with a web response platform. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment group allocation. Two intramuscular doses of vaccines were administered on day 0 (the day of randomisation) and day 14. Primary outcomes were solicited local and systemic reactogenicity events at 2 h and 7 days after vaccination and throughout the full study duration, including serious adverse events. Secondary outcome was seroconversion (at least four-fold increase from baseline) based on wild-type virus neutralisation. Cell-mediated responses were evaluated by intracellular staining and ELISpot. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04471519). FINDINGS Between July 13 and 30, 2020, 827 participants were screened, of whom 375 were enrolled. Among the enrolled participants, 100 each were randomly assigned to the three vaccine groups, and 75 were randomly assigned to the control group (Algel only). After both doses, solicited local and systemic adverse reactions were reported by 17 (17%; 95% CI 10·5-26·1) participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 21 (21%; 13·8-30·5) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 14 (14%; 8·1-22·7) in the 6 μg with Algel group, and ten (10%; 6·9-23·6) in the Algel-only group. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain (17 [5%] of 375 participants), headache (13 [3%]), fatigue (11 [3%]), fever (nine [2%]), and nausea or vomiting (seven [2%]). All solicited adverse events were mild (43 [69%] of 62) or moderate (19 [31%]) and were more frequent after the first dose. One serious adverse event of viral pneumonitis was reported in the 6 μg with Algel group, unrelated to the vaccine. Seroconversion rates (%) were 87·9, 91·9, and 82·8 in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, and 6 μg with Algel groups, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in a subset of 16 participants from both Algel-IMDG groups. INTERPRETATION BBV152 led to tolerable safety outcomes and enhanced immune responses. Both Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for phase 2 immunogenicity trials. Further efficacy trials are warranted. FUNDING Bharat Biotech International.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Savita Verma
- Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Venkat Rao
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
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Ella R, Reddy S, Jogdand H, Sarangi V, Ganneru B, Prasad S, Das D, Raju D, Praturi U, Sapkal G, Yadav P, Reddy P, Verma S, Singh C, Redkar SV, Gillurkar CS, Kushwaha JS, Mohapatra S, Bhate A, Rai S, Panda S, Abraham P, Gupta N, Ella K, Bhargava B, Vadrevu KM. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:950-961. [PMID: 33705727 PMCID: PMC8221739 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (3 μg or 6 μg) formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule (IMDG) adsorbed to alum (Algel). We previously reported findings from a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial on the safety and immunogenicity of three different formulations of BBV152 (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) and one Algel-only control (no antigen), with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 14. The 3 μg and 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for this phase 2 study. Herein, we report interim findings of the phase 2 trial on the immunogenicity and safety of BBV152, with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 28. Methods We did a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of BBV152 in healthy adults and adolescents (aged 12–65 years) at nine hospitals in India. Participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and serology tests were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 3 μg with Algel-IMDG or 6 μg with Algel-IMDG. Block randomisation was done by use of an interactive web response system. Participants, investigators, study coordinators, study-related personnel, and the sponsor were masked to treatment group allocation. Two intramuscular doses of vaccine were administered on day 0 and day 28. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 wild-type neutralising antibody titres and seroconversion rates (defined as a post-vaccination titre that was at least four-fold higher than the baseline titre) at 4 weeks after the second dose (day 56), measured by use of the plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) and the microneutralisation test (MNT50). The primary outcome was assessed in all participants who had received both doses of the vaccine. Cell-mediated responses were a secondary outcome and were assessed by T-helper-1 (Th1)/Th2 profiling at 2 weeks after the second dose (day 42). Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In addition, we report immunogenicity results from a follow-up blood draw collected from phase 1 trial participants at 3 months after they received the second dose (day 104). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04471519. Findings Between Sept 5 and 12, 2020, 921 participants were screened, of whom 380 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (n=190) or 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (n=190). Geometric mean titres (GMTs; PRNT50) at day 56 were significantly higher in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (197·0 [95% CI 155·6–249·4]) than the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (100·9 [74·1–137·4]; p=0·0041). Seroconversion based on PRNT50 at day 56 was reported in 171 (92·9% [95% CI 88·2–96·2] of 184 participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 174 (98·3% [95·1–99·6]) of 177 participants in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. GMTs (MNT50) at day 56 were 92·5 (95% CI 77·7–110·2) in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 160·1 (135·8–188·8) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. Seroconversion based on MNT50 at day 56 was reported in 162 (88·0% [95% CI 82·4–92·3]) of 184 participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group and 171 (96·6% [92·8–98·8]) of 177 participants in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group. The 3 μg with Algel-IMDG and 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulations elicited T-cell responses that were biased to a Th1 phenotype at day 42. No significant difference in the proportion of participants who had a solicited local or systemic adverse reaction in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group (38 [20·0%; 95% CI 14·7–26·5] of 190) and the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group (40 [21·1%; 15·5–27·5] of 190) was observed on days 0–7 and days 28–35; no serious adverse events were reported in the study. From the phase 1 trial, 3-month post-second-dose GMTs (MNT50) were 39·9 (95% CI 32·0–49·9) in the 3μg with Algel-IMDG group, 69·5 (53·7–89·9) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 53·3 (40·1–71·0) in the 6 μg with Algel group, and 20·7 (14·5–29·5) in the Algel alone group. Interpretation In the phase 1 trial, BBV152 induced high neutralising antibody responses that remained elevated in all participants at 3 months after the second vaccination. In the phase 2 trial, BBV152 showed better reactogenicity and safety outcomes, and enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses compared with the phase 1 trial. The 6 μg with Algel-IMDG formulation has been selected for the phase 3 efficacy trial. Funding Bharat Biotech International. Translation For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Savita Verma
- Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanjay Rai
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Elraiyah T, Jerde CR, Shrestha S, Wu R, Nie Q, Giama NH, Sarangi V, Roberts LR, Offer SM, Diasio RB. Novel Deleterious Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Variants May Contribute to 5-Fluorouracil Sensitivity in an East African Population. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 101:382-390. [PMID: 27727460 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have identified specific genetic variants in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene) as predictors of severe adverse toxicity to the commonly used chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); however, these studies have focused on European and European-American populations. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that additional variants in non-European haplotypes are predictive of 5-FU toxicity. The objective of this study was to identify potential risk variants in an understudied East African population relevant to our institution's catchment area. The DPYD protein-coding region was sequenced in 588 individuals of Somali or Kenyan ancestry living in central/southeast Minnesota. Twelve novel nonsynonymous variants were identified, seven of which significantly decreased DPD activity in vitro. The commonly reported toxicity-associated variants, *2A, D949V, and I560S, were not detected in any individuals. Overall, this study demonstrates a critical limitation in our knowledge of pharmacogenetic predictors of 5-FU toxicity, which has been based on clinical studies conducted in populations of limited diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elraiyah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - C R Jerde
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Q Nie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - N H Giama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - V Sarangi
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - L R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S M Offer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R B Diasio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Asmann YW, Maurer MJ, Wang C, Sarangi V, Ansell SM, Feldman AL, Nowakowski GS, Manske M, Price-Troska T, Yang ZZ, Slager SL, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Novak AJ. Genetic diversity of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e256. [PMID: 25360902 PMCID: PMC4220653 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - M J Maurer
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V Sarangi
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S M Ansell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - M Manske
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Z-Z Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S L Slager
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T M Habermann
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A J Novak
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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