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Tartarin P, Keller M, Guibert E, Trives E, Bourdon G, Chamero P, Negre D, Cornilleau F, Guillory V, JeanPierre E, Costa C, Migrenne S, Dupont J, Froment P. Knockdown of regulatory associated protein of TOR (raptor) in hypothalamus-stimulated folliculogenesis and induced ovarian cysts. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:307-320. [PMID: 36593258 DOI: 10.1071/rd21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential sensor that regulates fundamental biological processes like cell growth, proliferation and energy metabolism. The treatment of disease by sirolimus, a mTORC1 inhibitor, causes adverse effects, such as female fertility disorders. AIMS The objective of the study was to decipher the reproductive consequences of a downregulation of mTORC1 in the hypothalamus. METHODS The reduced expression of mTORC1 was induced after intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against regulatory associated protein of TOR (raptor) in adult female mice (ShRaptor mice). KEY RESULTS The ShRaptor mice were fertile and exhibited a 15% increase in the litter size compared with control mice. The histological analysis showed an increase in antral, preovulatory follicles and ovarian cysts. In the hypothalamus, the GnRH mRNA and FSH levels in ShRaptor mice were significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that mTORC1 in the central nervous system participates in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian function by influencing the GnRH neuronal activity. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that a lower mTORC1 activity directly the central nervous system leads to a deregulation in the oestrous cycle and an induction of ovarian cyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tartarin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Edith Guibert
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Elliott Trives
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Guillaume Bourdon
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Pablo Chamero
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Didier Negre
- Université de Lyon, IFR 128, INSERM-U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Fabien Cornilleau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Vanaique Guillory
- INRA ISP, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric JeanPierre
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Caroline Costa
- Université de Lyon, IFR 128, INSERM-U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Stéphanie Migrenne
- University Paris Diderot-Paris 7-Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA) EAC 7059 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly F-37380, France
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Oliveira M, Rodrigues DR, Guillory V, Kut E, Giotis ES, Skinner MA, Guabiraba R, Bryant CE, Ferguson BJ. Chicken cGAS Senses Fowlpox Virus Infection and Regulates Macrophage Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613079. [PMID: 33633733 PMCID: PMC7901977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-viral immune response is dependent on the ability of infected cells to sense foreign nucleic acids. In multiple species, the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses viral DNA as an essential component of the innate response. cGAS initiates a range of signaling outputs that are dependent on generation of the second messenger cGAMP that binds to the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Here we show that in chicken macrophages, the cGAS/STING pathway is essential not only for the production of type-I interferons in response to intracellular DNA stimulation, but also for regulation of macrophage effector functions including the expression of MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules. In the context of fowlpox, an avian DNA virus infection, the cGAS/STING pathway was found to be responsible for type-I interferon production and MHC-II transcription. The sensing of fowlpox virus DNA is therefore essential for mounting an anti-viral response in chicken cells and for regulation of a specific set of macrophage effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Kut
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Skinner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Trapp S, Soubieux D, Lidove A, Esnault E, Lion A, Guillory V, Wacquiez A, Kut E, Quéré P, Larcher T, Ledevin M, Nadan V, Camus-Bouclainville C, Marc D. Major contribution of the RNA-binding domain of NS1 in the pathogenicity and replication potential of an avian H7N1 influenza virus in chickens. Virol J 2018; 15:55. [PMID: 29587792 PMCID: PMC5870492 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-structural protein NS1 of influenza A viruses harbours several determinants of pathogenicity and host-range. However it is still unclear to what extent each of its two structured domains (i.e. RNA-binding domain, RBD, and effector domain, ED) contribute to its various activities. Methods To evaluate the respective contributions of the two domains, we genetically engineered two variants of an H7N1 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus harbouring amino-acid substitutions that impair the functionality of either domain. The RBD- and ED-mutant viruses were compared to their wt- counterpart in vivo and in vitro, notably in chicken infection and avian cell culture models. Results The double substitution R38A-K41A in the RBD dramatically reduced the pathogenicity and replication potential of the virus, whereas the substitution A149V that was considered to abrogate the IFN-antagonistic activity of the effector domain entailed much less effects. While all three viruses initiated the viral life cycle in avian cells, replication of the R38A-K41A virus was severely impaired. This defect was associated with a delayed synthesis of nucleoprotein NP and a reduced accumulation of NS1, which was found to reach a concentration of about 30 micromol.L− 1 in wt-infected cells at 8 h post-infection. When overexpressed in avian lung epithelial cells, both the wt-NS1 and 3841AA-NS1, but not the A149V-NS1, reduced the poly(I:C)-induced activation of the IFN-sensitive chicken Mx promoter. Unexpectedly, the R38A-K41A substitution in the recombinant RBD did not alter its in vitro affinity for a model dsRNA. When overexpressed in avian cells, both the wt- and A149V-NS1s, as well as the individually expressed wt-RBD to a lesser extent, enhanced the activity of the reconstituted viral RNA-polymerase in a minireplicon assay. Conclusions Collectively, our data emphasized the critical importance and essential role of the RNA-binding domain in essential steps of the virus replication cycle, notably expression and translation of viral mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Trapp
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Denis Soubieux
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Alexandra Lidove
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Evelyne Esnault
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Lion
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Vanaique Guillory
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Alan Wacquiez
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Kut
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- INRA UMR 703, APEX, Oniris-La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France.,LUNAM Université, École Nationale Vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- INRA UMR 703, APEX, Oniris-La Chantrerie, F-44307, Nantes, France.,LUNAM Université, École Nationale Vétérinaire, agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Nadan
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | | | - Daniel Marc
- Equipe PIA, UMR1282-ISP Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, 37380, Nouzilly, France. .,UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of school-organized sport activities on the priority youth health-risk behaviors.METHODS: Data were taken from The 1997 National School-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Measures of prevalence rates in six categories of priority health-risk behaviors defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were performed between participants and non-participants in school-organized sport activities. Then multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between participation in school-organized sport activities and the priority health-risk behaviors.RESULTS: Overall, 49.5% of students nationwide participated in school-organized sport activities in 1997. The major behavioral factors that proved statistically significant in predicting participation in school-organized activities in the logistic regression model were non-use of seatbelt, non-use of helmet, and use of chewing tobacco. Behavioral factors that were inversely related to participation in school-organized activities were smoking cigarettes, using different kinds of drugs, using condoms, carrying weapons, eating vegetables, and attempting suicide.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the nationally representative data, participation in school-organized sport activities was positively associated with many desirable health behaviors. However, a challenge for us will be not only to promote youth participation in school-organized sport activities, but also to address some co-existing behavioral problems that may lead to non-intentional injury and use of chewing tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sun
- Departments of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Kansas City, MO, USA
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