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Khairinisa MA, Latarissa IR, Athaya NS, Charlie V, Musyaffa HA, Prasedya ES, Puspitasari IM. Potential Application of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites in Brain Disease Treatment: Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology Insights for Therapeutic Advances. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1686. [PMID: 38137134 PMCID: PMC10741471 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, also known as edible marine algae, are an abundant source of phytosterols, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, among other bioactive substances. Studies conducted in the past few decades have demonstrated that substances derived from seaweed may be able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and act as neuroprotectants. According to preliminary clinical research, seaweed may also help prevent or lessen the symptoms of cerebrovascular illnesses by reducing mental fatigue, preventing endothelial damage to the vascular wall of brain vessels, and regulating internal pressure. They have the ability to control neurotransmitter levels, lessen neuroinflammation, lessen oxidative stress, and prevent the development of amyloid plaques. This review aims to understand the application potential of marine algae and their influence on brain development, highlighting the nutritional value of this "superfood" and providing current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms in the brain associated with their dietary introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irma Rahayu Latarissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Nadiyah Salma Athaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Vandie Charlie
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Hanif Azhar Musyaffa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia;
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Irma Melyani Puspitasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (I.R.L.); (N.S.A.); (V.C.); (H.A.M.); (I.M.P.)
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Pratiwi R, Charlie V, Saptarini NM, Rahayu D. A Polymer-Based Indicator for Detecting Dexamethasone in Herbal Medicine Using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2862. [PMID: 37447507 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a chemical drug that is usually added to herbal medicine because of its effects on pain relief, arthritis, anti-inflammation, etc. Chemical drugs should not be used in herbal medicine because uncontrolled consumption causes some side effects. A polymer-based indicator was developed to detect dexamethasone in herbal medicine samples in a fast and simple way compared to instrumental analysis. The indicator strips were made by mixing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a reagent. When reacting with dexamethasone, H2SO4 can cause the color to change into a specific light pink-purple color. Indicator strips were prepared with a composition of 5% PMMA in ethyl acetate:H2SO4 (9:1) by using the reagent blending method. The indicator strips showed a pink-purple color when they were applied to a positive herb containing dexamethasone. The indicator strips could selectively detect dexamethasone rather than other active substances that are often found in herbal medicine. These indicator strips could also detect dexamethasone with the smallest detection limit of 13.13 ppm, and they had a stability of up to 36 days. Detection was carried out in real samples to show the performance of the indicator strips. The result showed that of nine samples, five were confirmed to contain dexamethasone. These results showed a good agreement with the results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to the result, these indicator strips provide a simple and applicable method for on-site analysis to detect dexamethasone in samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimadani Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Vandie Charlie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nyi Mekar Saptarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Driyanti Rahayu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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