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Schröder MAM, van Herwaarden AE, Span PN, van den Akker ELT, Bocca G, Hannema SE, van der Kamp HJ, de Kort SWK, Mooij CF, Schott DA, Straetemans S, van Tellingen V, van der Velden JA, Sweep FCGJ, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL. Optimizing the Timing of Highest Hydrocortisone Dose in Children and Adolescents With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1661-e1672. [PMID: 34788830 PMCID: PMC8947312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydrocortisone treatment of young patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is given thrice daily, but there is debate about the optimal timing of the highest hydrocortisone dose, either mimicking the physiological diurnal rhythm (morning), or optimally suppressing androgen activity (evening). OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare 2 standard hydrocortisone timing strategies, either highest dosage in the morning or evening, with respect to hormonal status throughout the day, nocturnal blood pressure (BP), and sleep and activity scores. METHODS This 6-week crossover study included 39 patients (aged 4-19 years) with 21OHD. Patients were treated for 3 weeks with the highest hydrocortisone dose in the morning, followed by 3 weeks with the highest dose in the evening (n = 21), or vice versa (n = 18). Androstenedione (A4) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels were quantified in saliva collected at 5 am; 7 am; 3 pm; and 11 pm during the last 2 days of each treatment period. The main outcome measure was comparison of saliva 17OHP and A4 levels between the 2 treatment strategies. RESULTS Administration of the highest dose in the evening resulted in significantly lower 17OHP levels at 5 am, whereas the highest dose in the morning resulted in significantly lower 17OHP and A4 levels in the afternoon. The 2 treatment dose regimens were comparable with respect to averaged daily hormone levels, nocturnal BP, and activity and sleep scores. CONCLUSION No clear benefit for either treatment schedule was established. Given the variation in individual responses, we recommend individually optimizing dose distribution and monitoring disease control at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska A M Schröder
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gianni Bocca
- Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Hannema
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty J van der Kamp
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University Medical Center, EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra W K de Kort
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Teaching Hospital/Juliana Children’s Hospital, AA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan F Mooij
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dina A Schott
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Zuyderland medical center, PC Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Saartje Straetemans
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maastricht university medical center, HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, EJ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janiëlle A van der Velden
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Hedi L. Claahsen-van der Grinten, MD, PhD, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Lauffer P, Boudin E, van der Kaay DCM, Koene S, van Haeringen A, van Tellingen V, Van Hul W, Prickett TCR, Mortier G, Espiner EA, van Duyvenvoorde HA. Broadening the spectrum of loss-of-function variants in NPR-C-related extreme tall stature. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac019. [PMID: 35233476 PMCID: PMC8879884 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C, encoded by NPR3) belongs to a family of cell membrane–integral proteins implicated in various physiological processes, including longitudinal bone growth. NPR-C acts as a clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides, including C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), that stimulate the cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. Pathogenic variants in CNP, NPR2, and NPR3 may cause a tall stature phenotype associated with macrodactyly of the halluces and epiphyseal dysplasia. Objective Here we report on a boy with 2 novel biallelic inactivating variants of NPR3. Methods History and clinical characteristics were collected. Biochemical indices of natriuretic peptide clearance and in vitro cellular localization of NPR-C were studied to investigate causality of the identified variants. Results We identified 2 novel compound heterozygous NPR3 variants c.943G>A p.(Ala315Thr) and c.1294A>T p.(Ile432Phe) in a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces. In silico analysis indicated decreased stability of NPR-C, presumably resulting in increased degradation or trafficking defects. Compared to other patients with NPR-C loss-of-function, the phenotype seemed to be milder: pseudo-epiphyses in hands and feet were absent, biochemical features were less severe, and there was some co-localization of p.(Ile432Phe) NPR-C with the cell membrane, as opposed to complete cytoplasmic retention. Conclusion With this report on a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces we further broaden the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of NPR-C-related tall stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lauffer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle C M van der Kaay
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Koene
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Stroek K, Ruiter A, van der Linde A, Ackermans M, Bouva MJ, Engel H, Jakobs B, Kemper EA, van den Akker ELT, van Albada ME, Bocca G, Finken MJJ, Hannema SE, Mieke Houdijk ECA, van der Kamp HJ, van Tellingen V, Paul van Trotsenburg AS, Zwaveling-Soonawala N, Bosch AM, de Jonge R, Heijboer AC, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Boelen A. Second-tier Testing for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in the Netherlands: A Newborn Screening Pilot Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4487-e4496. [PMID: 34171085 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Newborn screening (NBS) for classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) consists of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) measurement with gestational age-adjusted cutoffs. A second heel puncture (HP) is performed in newborns with inconclusive results to reduce false positives. OBJECTIVE We assessed the accuracy and turnaround time of the current CAH NBS algorithm in comparison with alternative algorithms by performing a second-tier 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF) pilot study. METHODS Dried blood spots (DBS) of newborns with inconclusive and positive 17-OHP (immunoassay) first HP results were sent from regional NBS laboratories to the Amsterdam UMC Endocrine Laboratory. In 2017-2019, 21-DF concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in parallel with routine NBS. Diagnoses were confirmed by mutation analysis. RESULTS A total of 328 DBS were analyzed; 37 newborns had confirmed classic CAH, 33 were false-positive and 258 were categorized as negative in the second HP following the current algorithm. With second-tier testing, all 37 confirmed CAH had elevated 21-DF, while all 33 false positives and 253/258 second-HP negatives had undetectable 21-DF. The elevated 21-DF of the other 5 newborns may be NBS false negatives or second-tier false positives. Adding the second-tier results to inconclusive first HPs reduced the number of false positives to 11 and prevented all 286 second HPs. Adding the second tier to both positive and inconclusive first HPs eliminated all false positives but delayed referral for 31 CAH patients (1-4 days). CONCLUSION Application of the second-tier 21-DF measurement to inconclusive first HPs improved our CAH NBS by reducing false positives, abolishing the second HP, and thereby shortening referral time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stroek
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Ruiter
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelieke van der Linde
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, 4818CK Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Ackermans
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marelle J Bouva
- Center for Health protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Engel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Isala Hospital, 8025AB Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Jakobs
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien A Kemper
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, IJsselland Hospital, 2906ZC Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E van Albada
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianni Bocca
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Hannema
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C A Mieke Houdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital, 2545AA the Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J van der Kamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, 5623EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Naafs JC, Heinen CA, Zwaveling-Soonawala N, van der Schoor SRD, van Tellingen V, Heijboer AC, Fliers E, Boelen A, van Trotsenburg ASP. Age-Specific Reference Intervals for Plasma Free Thyroxine and Thyrotropin in Term Neonates During the First Two Weeks of Life. Thyroid 2020; 30:1106-1111. [PMID: 32126889 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common and preventable cause of mental retardation, which is detected in many neonatal screening programs. Upon suspicion of CH, plasma free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations are measured. CH can be of thyroidal or central origin (CH-T and CH-C, respectively). While CH-T diagnosis is based on an elevated TSH with a low fT4, CH-C diagnosis is based on a low fT4 without a clearly elevated TSH. Currently, reliable neonatal reference intervals (RIs) for plasma fT4 and TSH are lacking. Age-specific RIs would greatly improve the diagnostic process for CH, especially for CH-C. Our aim was to establish neonatal RIs for plasma fT4 and TSH in term neonates at day 3-7 (t = 1) and day 13-15 (t = 2). The study was particularly designed to provide a reliable fT4 lower limit of the RI to facilitate the diagnosis of CH-C. In the Netherlands, neonates are screened at day 3-7 of life. After a screening result suggestive for CH-C, pediatric consultation takes place on average at day 14. Thus, the time points were chosen accordingly. Methods: Venous blood was collected from 120 healthy neonates at each time point (94 participants provided blood samples at two time points; 52 participants provided a sample at t = 1 or t = 2). fT4 and TSH were measured using an immunoassay (Cobas; Roche Diagnostics). RIs were calculated using the 95% confidence interval for normally distributed data and the nonparametric percentile method if data were not normally distributed. Results: From 146 participants (49% female), ≥1 measurement was available. Ninety-five percent RIs for fT4 were 20.5-37.1 pmol/L (day 3-7) and 15.3-26.5 pmol/L (day 13-15). Ninety-five percent RIs for TSH were 1.0-8.4 mU/L (day 3-7) and 1.4-8.6 mU/L (day 13-15). Conclusions: Our results indicate an fT4 lower limit of the RI of 20.5 pmol/L at day 3-7 and 15.3 pmol/L at day 13-15. These lower limits are considerably higher than this assay's lower limit of the adult RI for fT4. In case CH is suspected, we recommend measuring fT4 and TSH using an assay with an established neonatal RI, taking into account the child's age in days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda C Naafs
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Heinen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Goedegebuure WJ, Jonkers F, Boot AM, Bakker-van Waarde WM, van Tellingen V, Heeg M, Odink RJ, van Douveren F, Besselaar AT, van der Steen MC. Long-term follow-up after bilateral percutaneous epiphysiodesis around the knee to reduce excessive predicted final height. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:219-223. [PMID: 29030385 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Percutaneous epiphysiodesis (PE) around the knee to reduce predicted excessive final height. Studies until now included small numbers of patients and short follow-up periods. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This Dutch multicentre, long-term, retrospective, follow-up study aimed to assess adult height (AH), complications, knee function and patient satisfaction after PE. The primary hypothesis was that PE around the knee in constitutionally tall boys and girls is an effective treatment for reducing final height with low complication rates and a high level of patient satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS 77 treated adolescents and 60 comparisons. INTERVENTION Percutaneous epiphysiodesis. OUTCOME AH, complications, knee function, satisfaction. RESULTS In the PE-treated group, final height was 7.0 cm (±6.3 cm) lower than predicted in boys and 5.9 cm (±3.7 cm) lower than predicted in girls. Short-term complications in file search were seen in 5.1% (three infections, one temporary nerve injury), one requiring reoperation. Long-term complications in file search were seen in 2.6% (axis deformity 1.3%, prominent head of fibula 1.3%). No significant difference in knee function was found between treated cases and comparisons. Satisfaction was high in both the comparison and PE groups; most patients in the PE group recommended PE as the treatment for close relatives with tall stature. CONCLUSION PE is safe and effective in children with predicted excessive AH. There was no difference in patient satisfaction between the PE and comparison group. Careful and detailed counselling is needed before embarking on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Jonkers
- Orthopaedic Centre Máxima, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Boot
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willie M Bakker-van Waarde
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Minne Heeg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wilhelmina Hospital, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J Odink
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnold T Besselaar
- Orthopaedic Centre Máxima, Máxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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van Tellingen V, Lilien M, Bruinenberg J, de Vries WB. The hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome in a preterm infant: a case of severe hyponatremia with neurological sequels. Int J Nephrol 2011; 2011:406515. [PMID: 21876801 PMCID: PMC3161200 DOI: 10.4061/2011/406515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To report the irreversible severe neurological symptoms following the hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) in an infant after umbilical arterial catheterization. Design. Case report with review of the literature. Setting. Neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patient. A three-week-old preterm infant. Conclusions. In evaluating a neonate with hyponatremia and hypertension, HHS should be considered, especially in case of umbilical arterial catheterization. In case of diagnostic delay, there is a risk of severe irreversible neurological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A 4-day old neonate presented with a midline swelling located on the back of its head. The two most likely causes of the swelling were cephalohematoma, which is self-limiting and carries a benign prognosis, and encephalocele, often associated with central nervous system malformations. Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a subperiosteal blood collection with intact underlying structures, establishing the diagnosis of a cephalohematoma. This is the first report to show the value of MRI in distinguishing between an occipital cephalohematoma and an encephalocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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