1
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Twumasi C, Moore S, Sadler R, Jeans S, Varghese S, Turner A, Agarwal G, Larham J, Gray N, Carty O, Barrett J, Bowcock S, Oppermann U, Gamble V, Cook G, Kyriakou C, Drayson M, Basu S, McDonald S, McKinley S, Gooding S, Javaid MK, Ramasamy K. Determinants of durable humoral and T cell immunity in myeloma patients following COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:547-553. [PMID: 38116695 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe determinants of persisting humoral and cellular immune response to the second COVID-19 vaccination among patients with myeloma. METHODS This is a prospective, observational study utilising the RUDYstudy.org platform. Participants reported their second and third COVID-19 vaccination dates. Myeloma patients had an Anti-S antibody level sample taken at least 21 days after their second vaccination and a repeat sample before their third vaccination. RESULTS 60 patients provided samples at least 3 weeks (median 57.5 days) after their second vaccination and before their third vaccination (median 176.0 days after second vaccine dose). Low Anti-S antibody levels (<50 IU/mL) doubled during this interval (p = .023) and, in the 47 participants with T-spot data, there was a 25% increase negative T-spot tests (p = .008). Low anti-S antibody levels prior to the third vaccination were predicted by lower Anti-S antibody level and negative T-spot status after the second vaccine. Independent determinants of a negative T-spot included increasing age, previous COVID infection, high CD4 count and lower percentage change in Anti-S antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Negative T-spot results predict low Anti-S antibody levels (<50 IU/mL) following a second COVID-19 vaccination and a number of biomarkers predict T cell responses in myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Twumasi
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Moore
- Bath Royal United Hospitals, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Bath, UK
| | - Ross Sadler
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sherin Varghese
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Turner
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jemma Larham
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oluremi Carty
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joe Barrett
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stella Bowcock
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky Gamble
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Cook
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chara Kyriakou
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Drayson
- Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Supratik Basu
- Department of Haematology, University of Wolverhampton, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Gooding
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karthik Ramasamy
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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2
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Agarwal G, Moore S, Sadler R, Varghese S, Turner A, Chen LY, Larham J, Gray N, Carty O, Barrett J, Koshiaris C, Kothari J, Bowcock S, Oppermann U, Gamble V, Cook G, Kyriakou C, Drayson M, Basu S, McDonald S, McKinley S, Gooding S, Javaid MK, Ramasamy K. Longitudinal dynamics and clinically available predictors of poor response to COVID-19 vaccination in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2024. [PMID: 38268439 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agarwal
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ross Sadler
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
| | | | - Alison Turner
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | | | - Nathanael Gray
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | - Joe Barrett
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | | | | | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Vicky Gamble
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Gordon Cook
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | | | | | - Supratik Basu
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK; University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton
| | | | | | - Sarah Gooding
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
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3
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Bennett J, Fedorov O, Tallant C, Monteiro O, Meier J, Gamble V, Savitsky P, Nunez-Alonso GA, Haendler B, Rogers C, Brennan PE, Müller S, Knapp S. Discovery of a Chemical Tool Inhibitor Targeting the Bromodomains of TRIM24 and BRPF. J Med Chem 2015; 59:1642-7. [PMID: 25974391 PMCID: PMC4770308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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TRIM24 is a transcriptional regulator
as well as an E3 ubiquitin
ligase. It is overexpressed in diverse tumors, and high expression
levels have been linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
TRIM24 contains a PHD/bromodomain offering the opportunity to develop
protein interaction inhibitors that target this protein interaction
module. Here we identified potent acetyl-lysine mimetic benzimidazolones
TRIM24 bromodomain inhibitors. The best compound of this series is
a selective BRPF1B/TRIM24 dual inhibitor that bound with a KD of 137 and 222 nM, respectively, but exerted
good selectivity over other bromodomains. Cellular activity of the
inhibitor was demonstrated using FRAP assays as well as cell viability
data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bennett
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Octovia Monteiro
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Julia Meier
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Vicky Gamble
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Graciela A Nunez-Alonso
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG , Müllerstrasse 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Rogers
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Paul E Brennan
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Susanne Müller
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Stefan Knapp
- The Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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4
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Torra R, Badenas C, Peral B, Darnell A, Serra E, Gamble V, Turco AE, Harris PC, Estivill X. Recurrence of the PKD1 nonsense mutation Q4041X in Spanish, Italian, and British families. Hum Mutat 1998; Suppl 1:S117-20. [PMID: 9452060 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Torra
- Servei de Nefrologia, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Griffin MD, Gamble V, Milliner DS, Gomez MR, Harris PC, Torres VE. Neonatal presentation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a maternal history of tuberous sclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:2284-8. [PMID: 9394312 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.11.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood presentation of polycystic kidney disease has been reported with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Recently some such cases have been shown to be due to combined deletion of the PKD1 and TSC2 genes, which lie close together on chromosome 16. The phenomenon of anticipation, whereby disease presentation occurs at a progressively earlier age in each generation, has been suggested to occur in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We have carried out a genetic study of a family in which these issues became clinically relevant. Neonatal presentation of polycystic kidneys occurred in an individual with a maternal family history of epilepsy and features of TSC without renal cystic disease. METHODS Detailed historical and clinical profiles were gathered for three generations of the maternal and paternal families. Both parents underwent renal ultrasound scanning. Genomic DNA was obtained from affected and unaffected individuals from the maternal family and used for linkage analysis to gene loci for TSC. RESULTS Renal cysts were not present in the mother by ultrasound. Linkage to TSC2 was found for members of the maternal family with clinical features of TSC. While a diagnosis of TSC was confirmed in her mother the child was found not to have inherited the disease-related allele. The father was found to have asymptomatic bilateral polycystic kidneys consistent with ADPKD. The presence of ADPKD in other paternal relatives could not be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The index case was found to have paternally inherited ADPKD with unusually early presentation. While at risk for concomitant maternal inheritance of TSC this diagnosis was ruled out by linkage analysis studies. The ability to clarify the true nature of a complex inherited condition greatly facilitates future management and counselling. The mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in ADPKD remain to be clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Griffin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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6
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Peral B, Gamble V, Strong C, Ong AC, Sloane-Stanley J, Zerres K, Winearls CG, Harris PC. Identification of mutations in the duplicated region of the polycystic kidney disease 1 gene (PKD1) by a novel approach. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60:1399-410. [PMID: 9199561 PMCID: PMC1716112 DOI: 10.1086/515467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation screening of the major autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene (PKD1) has been complicated by the large transcript size (> 14 kb) and by reiteration of the genomic area encoding 75% of the protein on the same chromosome (the HG loci). The sequence similarity between the PKD1 and HG regions has precluded specific analysis of the duplicated region of PKD1, and consequently all previously described mutations map to the unique 3' region of PKD1. We have now developed a novel anchored reverse-transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) approach to specifically amplify duplicated regions of PKD1, employing one primer situated within the single-copy region and one within the reiterated area. This strategy has been incorporated in a mutation screen of 100 patients for more than half of the PKD1 exons (exons 22-46; 37% of the coding region), including 11 (exons 22-32) within the duplicated gene region, by use of the protein-truncation test (PTT). Sixty of these patients also were screened for missense changes, by use of the nonisotopic RNase cleavage assay (NIRCA), in exons 23-36. Eleven mutations have been identified, six within the duplicated region, and these consist of three stop mutations, three frameshifting deletions of a single nucleotide, two splicing defects, and three possible missense changes. Each mutation was detected in just one family (although one has been described elsewhere); no mutation hot spot was identified. The nature and distribution of mutations, plus the lack of a clear phenotype/genotype correlation, suggest that they may inactivate the molecule. RT-PCR/PTT proved to be a rapid and efficient method to detect PKD1 mutations (differentiating pathogenic changes from polymorphisms), and we recommend this procedure as a firstpass mutation screen in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peral
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
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7
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Peral B, Ong AC, San Millán JL, Gamble V, Rees L, Harris PC. A stable, nonsense mutation associated with a case of infantile onset polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1). Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:539-42. [PMID: 8845849 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common single gene disorder resulting in renal failure. It is generally an adult onset disease, but rarely, cases of severe childhood polycystic disease arise in ADPKD families. The clear clinical anticipation in these pedigrees has led to the suggestion that the mutation may be an unstable trinucleotide repeat. We have now identified a nonsense mutation, Tyr3818Stop, in one such family (P117) within the major ADPKD gene, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1). The mutation is shown to be a de novo change in the father, and of grandpaternal origin. PKD1 manifests as typical adult onset disease in the father, but is seen as severe disease, detected as enlarged polycystic kidneys in utero, in one of a pair of dizygotic twins; the other twin has the mutation but no evidence of cysts, consistent with an adult onset disease course. The finding of the same stable mutation associated with very different disease severity in this family indicates that phenotypic variation in PKD1 is not due to a dynamic mutation. It seems most likely that a small number of modifying factors may radically affect the course of disease in PKD1; identification of such factors will have important prognostic implications in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peral
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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8
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Peral B, San Millán JL, Ong AC, Gamble V, Ward CJ, Strong C, Harris PC. Screening the 3' region of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene reveals six novel mutations. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58:86-96. [PMID: 8554072 PMCID: PMC1914963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gene for the most common form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), PKD1 (polycystic kidney disease 1), has been fully characterized and shown to encode an integral membrane protein, polycystin, involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions. Study of the PKD1 gene has been complicated because most of the gene lies in a genomic region reiterated several times elsewhere on the same chromosome, and consequently only seven mutations have been described so far. Here we report a systematic screen covering approximately 80% of the approximately 2.75 kb of translated transcript that is encoded by single-copy DNA. We have identified and characterized six novel mutations that, together with the previously described changes, amount to a detection rate of 10%-15% in the population studied. The newly described mutations are two deletions, an insertion of a T-nucleotide causing a frame shift, two single-base-pair substitutions resulting in premature stop codons, and a G-->C transversion that may be a missense mutation. These results have important implications for genetic diagnosis of PKD1 because they indicate that the majority of mutations lie within the duplicated area, which is difficult to study. The regions of polycystin removed in each mutation so far described are assessed for their functional significance; an area disrupted by two new small in-frame changes is highlighted. PKD1 mutations are contrasted with those in the PKD1/TSC2 contiguous-gene syndrome, and the likely mutational mechanism in PKD1 is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peral
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Hughes J, Ward CJ, Peral B, Aspinwall R, Clark K, San Millán JL, Gamble V, Harris PC. The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene encodes a novel protein with multiple cell recognition domains. Nat Genet 1995; 10:151-60. [PMID: 7663510 DOI: 10.1038/ng0695-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene has been complicated by genomic rearrangements on chromosome 16. We have used an exon linking strategy, taking RNA from a cell line containing PKD1 but not the duplicate loci, to clone a cDNA contig of the entire transcript. The transcript consists of 14,148 bp (including a correction to the previously described C terminus), distributed among 46 exons spanning 52 kb. The predicted PKD1 protein, polycystin, is a glycoprotein with multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail. The N-terminal extracellular region of over 2,500 aa contains leucine-rich repeats, a C-type lectin, 16 immunoglobulin-like repeats and four type III fibronectin-related domains. Our results indicate that polycystin is an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cattle
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computer Simulation
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/chemistry
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/genetics
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/metabolism
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Conformation
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/genetics
- Rats
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- TRPP Cation Channels
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hughes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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10
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Peral B, Gamble V, San Millán JL, Strong C, Sloane-Stanley J, Moreno F, Harris PC. Splicing mutations of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene induced by intronic deletion. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:569-74. [PMID: 7633405 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease which frequently results in renal failure. The major ADPKD gene, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1), has recently been identified. In an attempt to understand better the aetiology of this disorder we have searched for mutations in the PKD1 gene. Analysis of three regions in the 3' part of the gene has revealed two mutations that occur by a novel mechanism. Both mutations are deletions (of 18 or 20 bp) within the same 75 bp intron and although these deletions do not disrupt the splice donor or acceptor sites at the boundary of the intron, they nevertheless result in aberrant splicing. Two different transcripts are produced in each case; one includes the deleted intron while the other has a 66 bp deletion due to activation of a cryptic 5' splice site. No normal product is generated from the deleted gene. Aberrant splicing probably occurs because the deleted intron is too small for spliceosome assembly using the authentic splice sites; this mechanism has previously only been described from in vitro studies of vertebrate genes. A 9 bp direct repeat has been identified within the intron, which probably facilitated deletion by promoting misalignment of sequence. The possible phenotypic implications of producing more than one aberrant PKD1 transcript in these cases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peral
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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11
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Brook-Carter PT, Peral B, Ward CJ, Thompson P, Hughes J, Maheshwar MM, Nellist M, Gamble V, Harris PC, Sampson JR. Deletion of the TSC2 and PKD1 genes associated with severe infantile polycystic kidney disease--a contiguous gene syndrome. Nat Genet 1994; 8:328-32. [PMID: 7894481 DOI: 10.1038/ng1294-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Major genes which cause tuberous sclerosis (TSC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), known as TSC2 and PKD1 respectively, lie immediately adjacent to each other on chromosome 16p. Renal cysts are often found in TSC, but a specific renal phenotype, distinguished by the severity and infantile presentation of the cystic changes, is seen in a small proportion of cases. We have identified large deletions disrupting TSC2 and PKD1 in each of six such cases studied. Analysis of the deletions indicates that they inactivate PKD1, in contrast to the mutations reported in ADPKD patients, where in each case abnormal transcripts have been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Brook-Carter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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