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Aluri J, Haddad JM, Parke S, Schwartz V, Joshi SV, Menon M, Conrad RC. Responding to Suicide in School Communities: An Examination of Postvention Guidance from Expert Recommendations and Empirical Studies. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:345-356. [PMID: 37470928 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the published literature on a school's response after a student dies by suicide ("postvention"). We examine published recommendations based on expert guidance and empirical studies that have evaluated postvention measures. RECENT FINDINGS Experts recommend careful communication with family, staff, and students that adheres to published suicide reporting guidelines. Experts also emphasize the importance of identifying and supporting high-risk students. Few robust, controlled studies have identified effective postvention measures. Effective measures tended to occur in group settings (e.g., group therapy), focus on improving grief symptoms, and involve mental health professionals. Postvention has not been robustly studied in the school context. Expert recommendations and a few evidence-backed studies provide the frame for a coherent, school-based postvention response. Further research is needed to strengthen and expand our collective understanding of effective postvention measures in the school context as youth suicide attempts continue to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Aluri
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 600 N. Wolfe St., Meyer 3-181c, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jessi M Haddad
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia and Cornell, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Susan Parke
- Div. of Law & Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Medical Director, Community Forensic Services, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
| | - Victor Schwartz
- Wellness and Student Life, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Shashank V Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Meera Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
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MacPhee J, Modi K, Gorman S, Roy N, Riba E, Cusumano D, Dunkle J, Komrosky N, Schwartz V, Eisenberg D, Silverman MM, Pinder-Amaker S, Watkins KB, Doraiswamy PM. A Comprehensive Approach to Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention for Colleges and Universities: Insights from the JED Campus Program. NAM Perspect 2021; 2021:202106b. [PMID: 34532687 PMCID: PMC8406501 DOI: 10.3147/202106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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MacPhee J, Modi K, Gorman S, Roy N, Riba E, Cusumano D, Dunkle J, Komrosky N, Schwartz V, Eisenberg D, Silverman MM, Pinder-Amaker S, Booth Watkins K, Doraiswamy PM. A Comprehensive Approach to Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention for Colleges and Universities: Insights from the JED Campus Program. NAM Perspect 2021. [DOI: 10.31478/202106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Schwartz
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, and the Jed Foundation, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Schwartz
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Jed Foundation, New York, NY 10001, USA.
| | - Jerald Kay
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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DeMaria PA, Matthew J, Kay J, Schwartz V, Steinhouse R, DiMino JL. Psychiatry Resident Rotations in University and College Counseling Centers: A Pilot Study of Rotation Types and Challenges. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2013.824345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schwartz V. This is Not a Fire Drill: Crisis Intervention and Prevention on College Campuses, by Rick Myer, Richard James, and Patrice Moulton. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2011.605698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Schwartz V, Nissel C, Eisenberg D, Kay J, Brown JT. Increasing Counseling Center Utilization: Yeshiva University's Experience. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2012.633047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Schwartz V. [Critical notes on the results of studies (ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT) of the efficiency of intensive therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2011; 89:18-20. [PMID: 21861397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A brief review of results of prospective randomized studies on the efficacy of reduction of blood glucose levels for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications delivered at the 68th Congress of American Diabetic Association (June 2008). They showed that normal glycemia is very difficult to reach and usually at the cost of side effects, in the first place hypoglycemia. Lowering glycemia to the near-normal level prevents development of nephropathy but fails to reduce the frequency of cardiovascular disease. The reduced risk of myocardial infarction was documented only in the ACCORD study. However, this effect was associated with a rise in general mortality that necessitated premature termination of this trial. Causes behind the enhanced mortality are discussed, recommendation are proposed ensuing from the results of the reviewed studies.
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Williams CB, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Schwartz V. The importance of hopelessness among university students seeking psychiatric counseling. Psychiatr Q 2008; 79:311-9. [PMID: 18807185 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-008-9085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hopelessness is a clinically important state relative to morbidity and suicide risk among university students. We examined its role in relation to presenting concerns, diagnosis, psychopharmacologic treatment and spiritual orientation among students seeking treatment at a university counseling center. The most commonly identified concern was anxiety, followed by stress and depression. Eighty-two percent were given a DSM IV diagnosis. Hopelessness was higher among students dually diagnosed with anxiety and depressive disorders and those who were started on psychiatric medication. Spirituality was inversely correlated with hopelessness and constitutes a personal characteristic warranting further investigation. The concerns bringing students to counseling, the rates of DSM IV diagnosis and the use of psychiatric medication suggest a preponderance of psychopathology over developmental or situational concerns that may be more prominent than has been noted in the counseling literature. In this regard, hopelessness appears to be an important feature even beyond its relationship to suicidality and merits attention and evaluation in student counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, NBV20N28, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Schwartz V, Appelbaum PS. Improving the quality of informed consent to research. IRB 2008; 30:19-20. [PMID: 18953773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Yan W, Chen B, Mahurin SM, Schwartz V, Mullins DR, Lupini AR, Pennycook SJ, Dai S, Overbury SH. Preparation and Comparison of Supported Gold Nanocatalysts on Anatase, Brookite, Rutile, and P25 Polymorphs of TiO2 for Catalytic Oxidation of CO. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10676-85. [PMID: 16852296 DOI: 10.1021/jp044091o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized anatase (< or = 10 nm), rutile (< or = 10 nm), and brookite (approximately 70 nm) titania particles have been successfully synthesized via sonication and hydrothermal methods. Gold was deposited with high dispersion onto the surfaces of anatase, rutile, brookite, and commercial titania (P25) supports through a deposition-precipitation (D-P) process. All catalysts were exposed to an identical sequence of treatment and measurements of catalytic CO oxidation activity. The as-synthesized catalysts have high activity with concomitant Au reduction upon exposure to the reactant stream. Mild reduction at 423 K produces comparably high activity catalysts for every support. Deactivation of the four catalysts was observed following a sequence of treatments at temperatures up to 573 K. The brookite-supported gold catalyst sustains the highest catalytic activity after all treatments. XRD and TEM results indicate that the gold particles supported on brookite are smaller than those on the other supports following the reaction and pretreatment sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Yan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6201, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Schwartz
- Technisch-Chemisches Laboratorium ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Catalysis Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3000
| | - R. Prins
- Technisch-Chemisches Laboratorium ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Catalysis Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3000
| | - X. Wang
- Technisch-Chemisches Laboratorium ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Catalysis Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3000
| | - W. M. H. Sachtler
- Technisch-Chemisches Laboratorium ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Catalysis Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3000
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Deyl Z, Schwartz V, Janák J, Mikšík I. Editorial. J Chromatogr A 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(91)88001-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Deyl Z, Schwartz V, Janák J, Mikšík I. Editorial. J Chromatogr A 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Deyl Z, Schwartz V, Janák J, Mikšik I. Editorial. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kuznetsova S, Bezrukov V, Ena L, Schwartz V, Kuznetsov V. 1.P.337 Regional and ethnic differences in prevalence of risk factors and cerebro-vascular pathology in agrarian areas of Ukraine. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)88518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Schwartz V. On a biological regulation of aggression. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1698-9. [PMID: 7485654 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.11.aj152111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Eleven patients with relatively selective cerebellar degeneration and 11 normal control subjects underwent a comprehensive neurologic and neuropsychological examination. The neuropsychological tests assessed general intellectual ability, different aspects of memory (effortful, automatic, and implicit memory processes), speed of information processing, and verbal fluency (using both category and letter fluency tasks). The results indicated that cerebellar patients were significantly impaired only on tasks requiring the use of executive functions, such as the initiation/perseveration subtest of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale or the fluency tests, and on memory measures requiring greater processing effort. They performed normally on automatic and implicit measures of memory. Performance on the effortful memory and executive measures was not associated with neurologic variables or mood state. After controlling for the initiation/perseveration deficit, the effortful memory scores of the cerebellar patients were no longer different from those of controls. The present study suggests that memory in patients with relatively pure cerebellar dysfunction is only partially compromised and that the impairment is secondary to a deficit in executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Appollonio
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Grafman J, Schwartz V, Dale JK, Scheffers M, Houser C, Straus SE. Analysis of neuropsychological functioning in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56:684-9. [PMID: 8509784 PMCID: PMC489620 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.56.6.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment dominates the cognitive complaints of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Twenty CFS patients were available for studies with a clinical and experimental battery composed of memory and cognitive tests. The results on objective testing indicated that the CFS patients had some mild memory impairment, but only on tasks requiring conceptually driven encoding and retrieval processes. There were no associations between the nature of the precipitating illness, self ratings of fatigue, physical findings, or laboratory determination and objective memory performance or self report of memory functioning. These generally negative results indicate that memory impairment in CFS patients is typically mild and involves memory processes that participate in conceptualising information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
Respite care is one of a wide range of services designed to help maintain the infirm elderly at home by reducing the burden on the caregiver. The availability and results of respite care may alter decisions to institutionalize an elderly relative. Fliman Hospital, a geriatric rehabilitation hospital in Haifa, provides short-term, inpatient care for bedridden frail or disabled elderly persons living in the community with the support of an informal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schwartz
- Department of Social Work, Fliman General Hospital, Haifa, Israel
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Schwartz V. "Somatization" of psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:570-1. [PMID: 2929784 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.146.4.aj1464570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Silhavy TJ, Brickman E, Bassford PJ, Casadaban MJ, Shuman HA, Schwartz V, Guarente L, Schwartz M, Beckwith JR. Structure of the malB region in Escherichia coli K12. II. Genetic map of the malE,F,G operon. Mol Gen Genet 1979; 174:249-59. [PMID: 384167 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Starting with a strain containing a malK-lacZ fusion, a series of lambda plaque-forming phages which carry varying amounts of the malE,F operon have been isolated. We have used these phages to construct a deletion map of the malE,F operon. The construction of this deletion map has led to the identification of a new gene, malG. The malG gene is located distal to malF. The malG gene product is a protein required for the active transport of maltose and maltodextrins.
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Baron J, Hyams SW, Schwartz V. Applications of nuclear medicine in ophthalmology. Doc Ophthalmol 1977; 43:151-4. [PMID: 885046 DOI: 10.1007/bf01569301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic techniques using radioactive isotopes can be used for the investigation of cerebral, orbital and intraocular tumours and for the dynamic study of tear flow. The value of such techniques in the study of obstruction of the nasolacrymal system (particularly partial and functional obstructions) has been established and the possibility of using Tc99m clearance for the investigation of dry eyes is being investigated.
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Volm M, Schwartz V, Wayss K. Effect of lithium and thiocyanate on the nucleic acid-synthesis of tetrahymena. Naturwissenschaften 1970; 57:250. [PMID: 5426034 DOI: 10.1007/bf01010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schwartz V. [Alfred Kuhn (April 22, 1885-November 22, 1968)]. Z Naturforsch B 1969; 24:1-4. [PMID: 4388872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Schwartz V. Herrn Professor Dr. A. Kühn zum 80. Geburtstag. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 1965. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1965-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schwartz V. Mitotische Spindelfasern bei Paramecium bursaria. Naturwissenschaften 1956. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00632532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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