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Morales-Zavala F, Casanova-Morales N, Gonzalez RB, Chandía-Cristi A, Estrada LD, Alvizú I, Waselowski V, Guzman F, Guerrero S, Oyarzún-Olave M, Rebolledo C, Rodriguez E, Armijo J, Bhuyan H, Favre M, Alvarez AR, Kogan MJ, Maze JR. Functionalization of stable fluorescent nanodiamonds towards reliable detection of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:60. [PMID: 30097010 PMCID: PMC6085760 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stable and non-toxic fluorescent markers are gaining attention in molecular diagnostics as powerful tools for enabling long and reliable biological studies. Such markers should not only have a long half-life under several assay conditions showing no photo bleaching or blinking but also, they must allow for their conjugation or functionalization as a crucial step for numerous applications such as cellular tracking, biomarker detection and drug delivery. Results We report the functionalization of stable fluorescent markers based on nanodiamonds (NDs) with a bifunctional peptide. This peptide is made of a cell penetrating peptide and a six amino acids long β-sheet breaker peptide that is able to recognize amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, a biomarker for the Alzheimer disease. Our results indicate that functionalized NDs (fNDs) are not cytotoxic and can be internalized by the cells. The fNDs allow ultrasensitive detection (at picomolar concentrations of NDs) of in vitro amyloid fibrils and amyloid aggregates in AD mice brains. Conclusions The fluorescence of functionalized NDs is more stable than that of fluorescent markers commonly used to
stain Aβ aggregates such as Thioflavin T. These results pave the way for performing ultrasensitive and reliable detection of Aβ aggregates involved in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0385-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Morales-Zavala
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Raúl B Gonzalez
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - América Chandía-Cristi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ignacio Alvizú
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Victor Waselowski
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Oyarzún-Olave
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Rebolledo
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Enrique Rodriguez
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Julien Armijo
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Heman Bhuyan
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Mario Favre
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Nanoscale Technology and Advanced Materials, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,CARE-Chile-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jerónimo R Maze
- Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile. .,Center for Nanoscale Technology and Advanced Materials, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Hepp C, Müller T, Waselowski V, Becker JN, Pingault B, Sternschulte H, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Gali A, Maze JR, Atatüre M, Becher C. Electronic structure of the silicon vacancy color center in diamond. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:036405. [PMID: 24484153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.036405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV) color center in diamond has recently proven its suitability for bright and stable single photon emission. However, its electronic structure so far has remained elusive. We here explore the electronic structure by exposing single SiV defects to a magnetic field where the Zeeman effect lifts the degeneracy of magnetic sublevels. The similar responses of single centers and a SiV ensemble in a low strain reference sample prove our ability to fabricate almost perfect single SiVs, revealing the true nature of the defect's electronic properties. We model the electronic states using a group-theoretical approach yielding a good agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, the model correctly predicts polarization measurements on single SiV centers and explains recently discovered spin selective excitation of SiV defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hepp
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Atomic, Mesoscopic and Optical Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Waselowski
- Departmento de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Jonas N Becker
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pingault
- Atomic, Mesoscopic and Optical Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hadwig Sternschulte
- DiaCoating GmbH, Mitterweg 24, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Fakultät für Physik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Adam Gali
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary and Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeronimo R Maze
- Departmento de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Atomic, Mesoscopic and Optical Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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