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Zimmer S, Grebe A, Bakke SS, Bode N, Halvorsen B, Ulas T, Skjelland M, De Nardo D, Labzin LI, Kerksiek A, Hempel C, Heneka MT, Hawxhurst V, Fitzgerald ML, Trebicka J, Björkhem I, Gustafsson JÅ, Westerterp M, Tall AR, Wright SD, Espevik T, Schultze JL, Nickenig G, Lütjohann D, Latz E. Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:333ra50. [PMID: 27053774 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease linked to elevated blood cholesterol concentrations. Despite ongoing advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Continuous retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the subendothelial space causes a local overabundance of free cholesterol. Because cholesterol accumulation and deposition of cholesterol crystals (CCs) trigger a complex inflammatory response, we tested the efficacy of the cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), a compound that increases cholesterol solubility in preventing and reversing atherosclerosis. We showed that CD treatment of murine atherosclerosis reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and CC load and promoted plaque regression even with a continued cholesterol-rich diet. Mechanistically, CD increased oxysterol production in both macrophages and human atherosclerotic plaques and promoted liver X receptor (LXR)-mediated transcriptional reprogramming to improve cholesterol efflux and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo, this CD-mediated LXR agonism was required for the antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CD as well as for augmented reverse cholesterol transport. Because CD treatment in humans is safe and CD beneficially affects key mechanisms of atherogenesis, it may therefore be used clinically to prevent or treat human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zimmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Grebe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Siril S Bakke
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niklas Bode
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael T Heneka
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria Hawxhurst
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany. Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway. Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Tamehiro N, Park MH, Hawxhurst V, Nagpal K, Adams ME, Zannis VI, Golenbock DT, Fitzgerald ML. LXR Agonism Upregulates the Macrophage ABCA1/Syntrophin Protein Complex That Can Bind ApoA-I and Stabilized ABCA1 Protein, but Complex Loss Does Not Inhibit Lipid Efflux. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6931-41. [PMID: 26506427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage ABCA1 effluxes lipid and has anti-inflammatory activity. The syntrophins, which are cytoplasmic PDZ protein scaffolding factors, can bind ABCA1 and modulate its activity. However, many of the data assessing the function of the ABCA1-syntrophin interaction are based on overexpression in nonmacrophage cells. To assess endogenous complex function in macrophages, we derived immortalized macrophages from Abca1(+/+) and Abca1(-/-) mice and show their phenotype recapitulates primary macrophages. Abca1(+/+) lines express the CD11B and F4/80 macrophage markers and markedly upregulate cholesterol efflux in response to LXR nuclear hormone agonists. In contrast, immortalized Abca1(-/-) macrophages show no efflux to apoA-I. In response to LPS, Abca1(-/-) macrophages display pro-inflammatory changes, including an increased level of expression of cell surface CD14, and 11-26-fold higher levels of IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA. Given recapitulation of phenotype, we show with these lines that the ABCA1-syntrophin protein complex is upregulated by LXR agonists and can bind apoA-I. Moreover, in immortalized macrophages, combined α1/β2-syntrophin loss modulated ABCA1 cell surface levels and induced pro-inflammatory gene expression. However, loss of all three syntrophin isoforms known to bind ABCA1 did not impair lipid efflux in immortalized or primary macrophages. Thus, the ABCA1-syntrophin protein complex is not essential for ABCA1 macrophage lipid efflux but does directly interact with apoA-I and can modulate the pool of cell surface ABCA1 stabilized by apoA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Tamehiro
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Center for Computational & Integrative Biology (CCIB), Richard B. Simches Research Center , 185 Cambridge Street, 7th Floor #7150, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Min Hi Park
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Center for Computational & Integrative Biology (CCIB), Richard B. Simches Research Center , 185 Cambridge Street, 7th Floor #7150, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Victoria Hawxhurst
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Center for Computational & Integrative Biology (CCIB), Richard B. Simches Research Center , 185 Cambridge Street, 7th Floor #7150, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Kamalpreet Nagpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Marv E Adams
- University of Washington , 1705 Northeast Pacific Street, H-418 HSB Campus Box 357290, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Vassilis I Zannis
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine , 700 Albany Street, W509, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Center for Computational & Integrative Biology (CCIB), Richard B. Simches Research Center , 185 Cambridge Street, 7th Floor #7150, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Lo J, Rosenberg ES, Fitzgerald ML, Bazner SB, Ihenachor EJ, Hawxhurst V, Borkowska AH, Wei J, Zimmerman CO, Burdo TH, Williams KC, Freeman MW, Grinspoon SK. High-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is improved by treatment with antiretroviral therapy in acute human immunodeficiency virus infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu108. [PMID: 25734176 PMCID: PMC4324225 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages may be inhibited by HIV and contribute to increased CVD. Human studies have not investigated longitudinal effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on cholesterol efflux. Methods Subjects with acute HIV infection were randomized to ART or not. Cholesterol efflux capacity was determined ex vivo after exposure of murine macrophages to apolipoprotein B-depleted patient sera obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results After 12 weeks, HIV RNA decreased most in subjects randomized to ART. Available data on cholesterol demonstrated that efflux capacity from Abca1+/+ macrophages was increased most by sera obtained from ART-treated subjects (20.5% ± 5.0% to 24.3 % ± 6.9%, baseline to 12 weeks, P = .007; ART group [n = 6] vs 18.0 % ± 3.9% to 19.1 % ± 2.9%, baseline to 12 weeks, P = .30; untreated group [n = 6] [P = .04 ART vs untreated group]). Change in HIV RNA was negatively associated with change in Abca1+/+ macrophage cholesterol efflux (r = − 0.62, P = .03), and this finding remained significant (P = .03) after controlling for changes in HDL-cholesterol, CD4+ cells, and markers of monocyte or macrophage activation. Conclusions In subjects acutely infected with HIV, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated cholesterol efflux was stimulated to a greater degree over time by apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from subjects randomized to ART. The improvement in cholesterol efflux capacity is independently related to reduction in viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Lo
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism
| | | | | | - Suzane B Bazner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mason W Freeman
- Lipid Metabolism Unit/Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
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