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Wu SS, Joshi N, Sharrett J, Rao S, Shah A, Scharpf J, Burkey B, Lamarre ED, Prendes B, Siperstein A, Shin J, Berber E, Jin J, Krishnamurthi V, Nasr C, Hong L, Buchberger DS, Woody N, Koyfman SA, Geiger JL. Risk Factors Associated With Recurrence and Death in Patients With Tall Cell Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Institution Cohort Study With Predictive Nomogram. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:79-86. [PMID: 36454559 PMCID: PMC9716436 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Importance Tall cell morphology (TCM) is a rare and aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that has been associated with poor outcomes; however, the risk factors for worse survival are not well characterized. Objective To identify prognostic factors associated with cancer recurrence and death in patients with PTC-TCM. Design, Setting, and Participants All patients treated for PTC-TCM at a single tertiary-level academic health care institution from January 1, 1997, through July 31, 2018, were included. Tall cell variant (TCV) was defined as PTC with TCM of 30% or more; and tall cell features (TCF) was defined as PTC with TCM of less than 30%. Patients with other coexisting histologic findings and/or nonsurgical management were excluded. Clinicopathologic features associated with worse outcomes were identified using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards model. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2018, to August 15, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) after surgery. Results A total of 365 patients (median [range] age, 51.8 [15.9-91.6] years; 242 [66.3%] female) with PTC-TCM (TCV, 32%; TCF, 68%) were evaluable. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 336 (92%) patients; 19 (5.2%) received radiotherapy; and 15 (4.1%) received radioactive iodine. Clinical features were pT3 or T4, 65%; node-positive, 53%; and positive surgical margins, 24%. LRRFS at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year was 95%, 87%, 82%, and 73%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, male sex and age were not independent predictors of inferior 5-year LRRFS, whereas positive surgical margins (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0-6.3), positive lymph nodes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8), and primary tumor size of 3 cm or more (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.8) were strongly associated with worse LRRFS. Age 55 years or older (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-7.0), male sex (HR 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-10.0), positive surgical margins (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0), nodal positivity (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7), tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 20.6; 95% CI, 2.8-152.1), and TCV vs TCF (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.7) were associated with worse DRFS. Male sex (HR, 3.1; 95% 1.4-6.8) and tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-7.4) were associated with worse OS. A findings-based nomogram was constructed to predict 10-year LRRFS (C index, 0.8). Conclusions and Relevance This retrospective cohort study found that in patients with PTC-TCM, positive surgical margins, node positive disease, and tumor size of 3 cm or more were risk factors for worse LRRFS. Intensified locoregional therapy, including adjuvant radiation, may be considered for treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S. Wu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Sharrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Rao
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Akeesha Shah
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Scharpf
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian Burkey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Vero Beach, Florida
| | - Eric D. Lamarre
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brandon Prendes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allan Siperstein
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joyce Shin
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eren Berber
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Judy Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Christian Nasr
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Statistics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David S. Buchberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Neil Woody
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shlomo A. Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica L. Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Jeyalakshmi C, Revathi A, Krishnamurthi V. Investigation of voice disorders and recognising the speech of children with hearing impairment in classical Tamil language. IJBET 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2015.069402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Waghray A, Nassar A, Hashimoto K, Eghtesad B, Aucejo F, Krishnamurthi V, Uso TD, Srinivas T, Steiger E, Abu-Elmagd K, Quintini C. Combined intestine and kidney transplantation in a patient with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: case report. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:3274-7. [PMID: 24266976 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but devastating complication of peritoneal dialysis characterized by fibrosis and calcification of the intestine that, in severe cases, can progress to intestinal failure and total parenteral nutrition dependency. Medical and surgical interventions carry a poor prognosis in these patients. We describe a case of a 36-year-old female with end-stage kidney disease and severe EPS not amenable to surgical intervention who underwent a combined intestinal and kidney transplantation. At 3 years posttransplantation, the patient has normal intestinal and kidney function. This represents, to our knowledge, the first report of severe EPS and end-stage kidney disease treated with a combined transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Waghray
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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Krishnamurthi V, Subramanian V, Berglund R, Navia J, Nowicki E, Miocinovic R, Stephenson A, Goldfarb D, Klein E, Novick A. MP-06.11 Contemporary Vascular Bypass Approach for Treatment of Retroperitoneal Tumors with Inferior Vena Cava and Atrial Extension: A 20-Year Single Institution Experience. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tanchanco R, Krishnamurthi V, Winans C, Wee A, Duclos A, Nurko S, Fatica R, Lard M, Poggio ED. Beneficial outcomes of a steroid-free regimen with thymoglobulin induction in pancreas-kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1551-4. [PMID: 18589149 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-free immunosuppressive regimens are becoming more common in pancreas transplantation, with persistent concerns regarding its safety and efficacy. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 87 pancreas transplant recipients-22 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants, 48 pancreas-after-kidney transplants, and 17 pancreas transplant alone-who underwent transplantation within the period of January 2000 to November 2006 and who received induction therapy with thymoglobulin followed by maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. We compared one group on a steroid-free regimen (n = 25) with another on a steroid-based regimen (n = 62). RESULTS At 6 months, there was no kidney graft loss and no significant difference between groups (steroid-free vs steroid-based groups) in patient survival (100% vs 96.8%), pancreas graft survival (96.0% vs 93.5%), acute rejection (4.0% vs 11.3%), hospitalization for any cause (60.0% vs 51.6%), infection requiring hospitalization (16.0% vs 32.3%), or incidence of BK viremia (0% vs 3.2%). CMV viremia occurred less in the steroid-free group (0% vs 17.7% in the steroid-based group, P = .024). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months was higher in the steroid-free group (74.8 vs 55.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the steroid-based group, P = .001), with fewer occurrences of a 25% decline in eGFR (33.3% among the steroid-free group vs 61.7% among steroid-based group, P = .019), despite similar average tacrolimus exposure (11.7 +/- 3.7 vs 12.2 +/- 2.7 ng/dL, P = .478). CONCLUSIONS A steroid-free regimen with thymoglobulin induction followed by tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance in pancreas transplantation was safe and effective in preventing rejection, with reduced incidence of CMV infection and better-preserved kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tanchanco
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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6
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Chuang F, Novick A, Sun G, Kleeman M, Flechner S, Krishnamurthi V, Modlin C, Shoskes D, Goldfarb D. Graft Outcomes of Living Donor Renal Transplantations in Elderly Recipients. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2299-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Miller SM, Narasimhan RA, Schmalz PF, Soffer EE, Walsh RM, Krishnamurthi V, Pasricha PJ, Szurszewski JH, Farrugia G. Distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal and nitrergic neurons in normal and diabetic human appendix. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:349-57. [PMID: 18069951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of enteric nerves and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the normal human appendix and in type 1 diabetes. Appendixes were collected from patients with type 1 diabetes and from non-diabetic controls. Volumes of nerves and ICC were determined using 3-D reconstruction and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expressing neurons were counted. Enteric ganglia were found in the myenteric plexus region and within the longitudinal muscle. ICC were found throughout the muscle layers. In diabetes, c-Kit positive ICC volumes were significantly reduced as were nNOS expressing neurons. In conclusion, we describe the distribution of ICC and enteric nerves in health and in diabetes. The data also suggest that the human appendix, a readily available source of human tissue, may be useful model for the study of motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Miller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Krishnamurthi V. Donor biopsy and kidney transplant outcomes: an analysis using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTN/UNOS) database. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0084-4071(08)79110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Duclos AJ, Krishnamurthi V, Lard M, Poggio E, Kleeman M, Winans C, Fatica R, Nurko S. Prevalence and clinical course of BK virus nephropathy in pancreas after kidney transplant patients. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:3666-72. [PMID: 17175362 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplantation is unclear. A retrospective analysis of PAK transplants performed at our center was conducted to determine the impact of BKVN. Among 40 PAK transplants performed using sequential immunosuppression, four patients developed BKVN, as defined by a >20% rise in serum creatinine and BK viremia (BK plasma load >4 log copies/mL), at a median of 19 months following PAK. In all four patients, treatment of BKVN consisted of reduction in tacrolimus, cessation of mycophenolate mofetil, and introduction of leflunomide. With this approach, two patients experienced improvement or stabilization of renal function. The remaining two patients progressed to dialysis dependence despite treatment. Plasma BK load < or =5 log copies/mL was associated with graft preservation. Gender, age, delay between transplants, cumulative Thymoglobulin dose, and type of kidney donor were not associated with BK virus infection. Pancreas graft rejection or dysfunction was not observed with the above immunosuppression modification. Mean amylase and lipase > or =6 months following BKVN treatment remained normal. BKVN is an important cause of kidney allograft loss in PAK patients. Screening and early treatment of BKVN may enable preservation of kidney and pancreas grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Duclos
- Kidney Transplant Program, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Poggio ED, Hila S, Stephany B, Fatica R, Krishnamurthi V, del Bosque C, Goldfarb D, Herts B, Dennis VW, Heeger PS, Braun W. Donor kidney volume and outcomes following live donor kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:616-24. [PMID: 16468974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pre-donation kidney volume and function may be crucial factors in determining graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. We measured living donor kidney volumes by 3D helical computed tomography scanning and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by (125)I-iothalamate clearances in 119 donors, and correlated these values with graft function and incidence of acute rejection at 2 years post-transplantation. Kidney volume strongly correlated with GFR (Pearson r= 0.71, p < 0.001). Body size and male gender were independent correlates of larger kidney volumes, and body size and age were predictors of kidney function. The effects of transplanted kidney volume on graft outcome were studied in 104 donor-recipient pairs. A transplanted kidney volume greater than 120 cc/1.73 m(2) was independently associated with better estimated GFR at 2 years post-transplant when compared to recipients of lower transplanted kidney volumes (64 +/- 19 vs. 48 +/- 14 mL/min/1.73 m(2), p < 0.001). Moreover, recipients of lower volumes had a higher incidence of acute cellular rejection (16% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.046). In conclusion, kidney volume strongly correlates with function in living kidney donors and is an independent determinant of post-transplant graft outcome. The findings suggest that (1) transplantation of larger kidneys confers an outcome advantage and (2) larger kidneys should be preferred when selecting from otherwise similar living donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Poggio
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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11
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Derweesh IH, Flechner SM, Modlin C, Mastroianni B, Savas K, Krishnamurthi V, Goldfarb D. Ipsilateral dual-kidney transplantation using organs declined by other centers. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:856-7. [PMID: 12644165 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)04028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I H Derweesh
- Section of Renal Transplantation, Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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12
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Abstract
Since its inception more than 30 years ago, vascularized pancreas transplantation has undergone considerable progress. Given the unique complications associated with transplantation of this organ, modifications in surgical technique have been necessary to improve outcomes. As a result of these surgical advances and improvements in organ preservation and immunosuppression, contemporary graft survival rates approach 90% at 1 year. Despite this level of success, the technique of pancreas transplantation remains controversial. Future efforts to reduce morbidity and minimize immunosuppression will enable pancreas transplantation to remain an important therapeutic option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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13
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Philosophe B, Farney AC, Schweitzer EJ, Colonna JO, Jarrell BE, Krishnamurthi V, Wiland AM, Bartlett ST. Superiority of portal venous drainage over systemic venous drainage in pancreas transplantation: a retrospective study. Ann Surg 2001; 234:689-96. [PMID: 11685034 PMCID: PMC1422095 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200111000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare portal and systemic venous drainage of pancreas transplants and demonstrate an immunologic and survival superiority of portal venous drainage. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Traditionally, solitary pancreas transplants have been performed using systemic venous and bladder drainage, but more recently, the advantages of enteric drainage have been well documented. Although physiologic benefits for portal venous drainage have been described, the impact of portal venous drainage, especially with solitary pancreas transplants, has yet to be determined. METHODS Since August 1995, 280 pancreas transplants with enteric duct drainage were analyzed. One hundred and seventeen were simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK), 63 with systemic venous drainage (SV) and 54 with portal venous drainage (PV). The remainder were solitary transplants; 97 pancreas after kidney (PAK; 42 SV and 55 PV) and 66 transplants alone (PTA; 26 SV and 40 PV). Immunosuppressive therapy was equivalent for both groups. RESULTS The groups were similar with respect to recipient characteristics and HLA matching. Thirty-six month graft survival for all transplants was 79% for PV and 65% for SV (P =.008). By category, SPK graft survival was 74% for PV and 76% for SV, PAK graft survival was 70% for PV and 56% for SV, and PTA graft survival was 84% for PV and 50% for SV. The rate of at least one rejection episode was also significantly higher in the SV group. At 36 months, for all pancreas transplants, the rejection rate was 21% for PV and 52% for SV (P <.0001). For SPK, rejection rates were 9% for PV and 45% for SV. For PAK, rejection rates were 16% for PV and 65% for SV, and for PTA 36% for PV and 51% for SV. The rejection rates for kidneys following SPK were also lower in the PV group (26% versus 43% for SV). Furthermore, the grades of rejection were milder in PV for all transplants (P =.017). By multivariate analysis, portal venous drainage was the only parameter that significantly affected rejection. CONCLUSION Graft survival and rejection is superior for PV. These clinical findings are consistent with published reports of experimentally induced portal tolerance and strongly argue that PV drainage should be the procedure of choice for pancreas transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Philosophe
- Joseph and Corrine Schwartz Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Alfrey EJ, Lu AD, Carter JT, Bowers V, Taylor R, Ratner L, Cole E, Schweitzer E, Krishnamurthi V, Tan H, Stratta R. The dual kidney transplant registry. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1099-100. [PMID: 11267208 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Alfrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Hafez KS, Krishnamurthi V, Campbell SC, Novick AC. Contemporary management of renal cell carcinoma with coexistent renal artery disease: update of the Cleveland Clinic experience. Urology 2000; 56:382-6. [PMID: 10962299 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To treat concurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal artery disease (RAD), which pose an unusual and challenging management dilemma. METHODS Before June 1998, 48 patients presented with localized RCC and RAD affecting all the functioning renal parenchyma. These patients were grouped into four distinct categories: group 1, a solitary kidney with RCC and RAD (n = 8); group 2, bilateral RCC and coexistent RAD (n = 9); group 3, unilateral RCC and contralateral RAD (n = 15); and group 4, unilateral RCC and bilateral RAD (n = 16). The most common cause of RAD was atherosclerosis (n = 40), followed by medial fibroplasia (n = 5), renal artery aneurysm (n = 2), and arteriovenous malformation (n = 1). RESULTS All patients underwent complete surgical excision of RCC. A nephron-sparing operation was performed preferentially (44 patients), and bilateral renal cancer operations were staged. Eleven patients underwent surgical renal vascular reconstruction in conjunction with either partial (n = 9) or radical (n = 2) nephrectomy. In 2 patients, renal revascularization was accomplished by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty before tumor excision. No perioperative deaths occurred. Postoperatively, preservation of renal function was achieved in 47 patients; 1 patient required chronic dialysis. The overall and cancer-specific 5-year patient survival rates in this series were 66% and 90%, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 58 months, 28 patients were alive with no evidence of malignancy. Six patients died of metastatic RCC, and 14 died of unrelated causes with no evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Nephron-sparing surgery combined with selective renal arterial reconstruction can yield gratifying results in this complex patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hafez
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Ben-Itzhak I, Wells E, Carnes KD, Krishnamurthi V, Weaver OL, Esry BD. Symmetry breakdown in ground state dissociation of HD+. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:58-61. [PMID: 10991158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of the dissociation of the electronic ground state of HD+ following ionization of HD by fast proton impact indicate that the H++D(1s) dissociation channel is more likely than the H(1s)+D+ dissociation channel by about 7%. This isotopic symmetry breakdown is due to the finite nuclear mass correction to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation which makes the 1ssigma state 3.7 meV lower than the 2psigma state at the dissociation limit. The measured fractions of the two dissociation channels are in agreement with coupled-channels calculations of 1ssigma to 2psigma transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ben-Itzhak
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Abstract
Two fundamental parameters of the highly dynamic, ultrathin lamellipodia of migrating fibroblasts have been determined-its thickness in living cells (176 +/- 14 nm), by standing-wave fluorescence microscopy, and its F-actin density (1580 +/- 613 microm of F-actin/microm(3)), via image-based photometry. In combination with data from previous studies, we have computed the density of growing actin filament ends at the lamellipodium margin (241 +/- 100/microm) and the maximum force (1.86 +/- 0.83 nN/microm) and pressure (10.5 +/- 4.8 kPa) obtainable via actin assembly. We have used cell deformability measurements (. J. Cell Sci. 44:187-200;. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 79:5327-5331) and an estimate of the force required to stall the polymerization of a single filament (. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78:5613-5617;. Biophys. J. 65:316-324) to argue that actin assembly alone could drive lamellipodial extension directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Abraham
- Center for Light Microscope Imaging and Biotechnology, and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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Krishnamurthi V, Novick AC, Myles JL. Atheroembolic renal disease: effect on morbidity and survival after revascularization for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. J Urol 1999; 161:1093-6. [PMID: 10081845 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)61598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atheroembolic renal disease is increasingly found in older patients with general atherosclerosis. We evaluated the impact of atheroembolic renal disease on morbidity and survival after surgical revascularization for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 44 patients who underwent surgical revascularization for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and concomitant intraoperative renal biopsy. Renal biopsy specimens were reviewed by a pathologist and evaluated for the presence or absence of atheroemboli, and the presence and severity of arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Postoperative patient data were reviewed to evaluate survival, and the incidence of renal and systemic morbid events. Patients were followed for 1 to 14.5 years (median 6.2) after surgical revascularization. RESULTS Atheroembolic renal disease was identified in the intraoperative biopsy specimen in 16 patients (36%, group 1) and was absent in 28 (64%, group 2), termed groups 1 and 2. Atheroembolic renal disease correlated significantly with decreased patient survival. The 5-year survival in groups 1 and 2 was 54 and 85%, respectively (p = 0.011). Similarly the incidence of systemic atherosclerotic complications was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (86 versus 58%, p <0.05). In addition, renal or renovascular complications developed in more group 1 than group 2 patients (p = 0.07). There was no significant association between the presence or severity of arteriolar nephrosclerosis and postoperative survival or morbid events. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that atheroembolic renal disease is associated with decreased survival and an increased incidence of atherosclerotic morbid events after surgical revascularization for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. This information may be useful for therapeutic decision making in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cryosurgery represents a minimally invasive alternative for the management of small or equivocal lesions of the kidney. We evaluated the relationship between ultrasonographic appearance and intrarenal temperatures and the effect of renal artery occlusion on the efficacy of the freezing process in a canine model. METHODS Ten animals were treated with intraparenchymal cryoablative therapy with (n = 5) or without (n = 5) renal artery occlusion using a rapid freeze technique. Intrarenal temperatures were measured 1.0 cm away from the cryoprobe at various times during the freezing process. The distance from the cryoprobe to the ice ball as monitored by ultrasonography was also determined. The contralateral kidney was removed to facilitate studies of renal function and all animals were killed on day 28 for autopsy and histopathologic examination. RESULTS A target temperature of less than -20 degrees C was achieved 3.1 mm behind the ice ball in all animals tested. The ice ball stabilized at a radius of 16 mm with prolonged treatment, suggesting that multiple probes will be required to treat renal lesions greater than 2.5 cm in diameter. Renal artery occlusion did not significantly alter the freezing process and provided no practical advantage. Renal function remained stable (final serum creatinine level 1.5 mg/dL or less) in all but 1 animal in which an obstructive stricture of the ureteropelvic junction developed. Effective tissue ablation was confirmed at the treatment site in all instances. CONCLUSIONS Renal cryoablative therapy is a nephron-sparing modality that can be delivered in a safe, efficacious, and reproducible manner. The treatment parameters defined in this study should allow for intelligent patient selection and rational administration of renal cryotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Campbell
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The integration of systemic biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy and surgery to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an evolving approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this form of multimodality therapy in patients with metastatic RCC. METHODS Between 1988 and 1996, 14 patients at our institution underwent initial BRM therapy followed by surgical resection of primary and metastatic RCC lesions. Patient records were reviewed to determine the response to BRM therapy, progression-free survival rate, and overall survival rate. The mean follow-up for the entire group was 43.5 months. RESULTS After BRM therapy, 9 patients manifested an objective response and 5 patients had stable disease. All patients were then rendered disease-free by surgical excision of residual or recurrent metastatic lesions and the primary tumor. The cancer-specific survival rate at 3 years was 81.5%. Currently, 7 patients are alive and disease-free (mean follow-up 41.4 months), 3 patients are alive with recurrent disease (mean survival 48.3 months), 3 patients died of metastatic disease (mean survival 27.9 months), and 1 patient died of an unrelated cause 54.4 months after therapy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that adjunctive surgery after BRM therapy can extend the survival of selected patients with metastatic RCC. Aggressive surgical resection of stable or responding lesions after BRM therapy should be considered in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology and Hematology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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21
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Abstract
A 48-year-old woman underwent renal transplantation of an organ from a living related donor in 1978. She experienced excellent graft function for 18 years. Recent evaluation for hypertension revealed two large solid masses involving the allograft. Nephron-sparing excision of two renal cell carcinomas was performed with preservation of renal function. Genitourinary malignancies in transplant recipients and partial nephrectomy in renal allografts are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Jayanthi V, Srinivasan V, Nayak VM, Krishnamurthi V, Victor S. Comparative evaluation of cine-esophagogram with esophageal manometry in assessing esophageal motility in progressive systemic sclerosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 1996; 15:129-31. [PMID: 8916576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal manometry is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. Cine-esophagogram using barium is also a good investigation to screen patients for motor disorders of the esophagus. Comparison between these two investigations has not often been reported in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). AIM To determine relative merits of cine-esophagogram and esophageal manometry in detecting esophageal motor dysfunction in PSS patients. METHODS Thirty-five patients with PSS irrespective of esophageal symptoms underwent esophageal manometry and cine-esophagogram, results and their were compared. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of cine-esophagogram as compared to manometry were 96.1% (95% CI 88.7%-100%) and 55.5% (95% CI 23%-87.9%) respectively. Its positive predictive value was 86%. CONCLUSION While esophageal manometry can identify esophageal motor disorder in PSS, cine-esophagogram can be resorted to in doubtful situations, for confirmation of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jayanthi
- Department of Digestive Health and Disease, Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Madras
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23
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Krishnamurthi V, Novick AC, Bukowski R. Nephron sparing surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 1996; 156:36-9. [PMID: 8648832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the role of nephron sparing surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma underwent nephron sparing surgery and treatment of metastases, including 4 who received adjunctive biological response modifier therapy. The 9 patients in group 1, who previously underwent contralateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and complete resection of all metastases, presented for treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma in the remaining kidney with no other evidence of disease. The 6 patients in group 2 presented with localized renal cell carcinoma requiring nephron sparing surgery and concomitant distant metastases. Mean postoperative followup was 30.4 months. RESULTS Of 9 patients in group 1, 6 (66.7%) were disease-free at a mean of 31.3 months after nephron sparing surgery and 102.2 months after detection of metastatic disease, while 3 (33.3%) died at a mean of 53.3 and 73.0 months, respectively. Among the 6 patients in group 2, 4 (66.7%) were disease-free at a mean followup of 16.8 months and 2 (33.3%) died at a mean of 20.5 months postoperatively. Of the 4 patients who received adjunctive biological response modifier therapy 3 were disease-free at a mean of 12.7 months and 1 died 7 months after treatment. Satisfactory overall renal function was preserved in 14 of 15 patients after nephron sparing surgery. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that nephron sparing surgery can provide effective treatment for select patients with renal cell carcinoma and previously or recently treated metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
Prolongation of pancreas allograft survival has been difficult to achieve in rodent models despite use of immunosuppression regimens that successfully increase graft survival of other organs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new immunosuppressive agent, mycophenolate mofetil (MM), for its ability to prevent rejection in a rat pancreas transplant model. In addition, using congenic strains of rats, the efficacy of MM in rat pancreas transplantation was treated in the context of isolated class I or class II major histocompatibility (MHC) differences. MM in doses of 12.5 to 37 mg/kg significantly prolonged BUF to LEW heart transplant survival beyond a 14-day course of therapy thereby demonstrating its immunosuppressive efficacy. In similar pancreas transplant experiments, however, most grafts were rejected during the period of MM administration. Combination therapy with MM and cyclosporine did not extend pancreas survival beyond that achieved with MM alone (Mean Survival Time of 13.8 +/- 2.7 vs 11.7 +/- 1.6 days, respectively). Conversely, combined therapy with MM and antilymphocyte serum achieved a mean survival for BUF to LEW pancreas transplants of 52.3 +/- 24.8 days, which was significantly longer than that observed for either MM (11.7 +/- 1.6) or ALS (18.0 +/- 7.6) alone. MM therapy doubled pancreas allograft survival when used in the face of class I MHC disparity and compared to controls (19.5 +/- 1.0 vs 10.0 +/- 1.9 days) but did not prolong grafts that were disparate at only the class II locus (12.6 +/- 1.5 vs 12.0 +/- 1.2 days, respectively, for MM vs control). These data indicate that MM may not be an effective single agent immunosuppressive for pancreas transplantation except when MHC disparity is limited to the class I locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schulak
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Schulak JA, Krishnamurthi V, Masih R, Robinson A. Effect of major histocompatibility disparity on mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression in rat pancreas transplantation. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:3010-1. [PMID: 8539816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Schulak
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Krishnamurthi V, Streem SB. Long-term radiographic and functional outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy induced perirenal hematomas. J Urol 1995; 154:1673-5. [PMID: 7563319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the long-term radiographic and functional outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) related perirenal hematomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We followed 19 patients with 21 ESWL induced hematomas for 4 to 61 months (mean 19.6) after ESWL with serial ultrasound, blood pressure and serum creatinine determinations. RESULTS Complete radiographic resolution of the hematoma was evident in 18 cases (85.7%), while 2 (9.5%) were significantly smaller and 1 (4.8%) remained unchanged. Of 10 patients who were normotensive before ESWL none experienced sustained new onset hypertension. Of 9 patients with preexisting hypertension none had a sustained exacerbation. Finally, during followup serum creatinine levels overall remained unchanged from pre-ESWL values. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, by far, the most likely outcome for patients with ESWL related hematomas is spontaneous radiographic resolution within 2 years without clinically evident adverse effects on blood pressure or renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Krishnamurthi V, Liu YH, Bhattacharyya S, Turner JN, Holmes TJ. Blind deconvolution of fluorescence micrographs by maximum-likelihood estimation. Appl Opt 1995; 34:6633-47. [PMID: 21060518 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.006633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report some recent algorithmic refinements and the resulting simulated and real image reconstructions of fluorescence micrographs by using a blind-deconvolution algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation. Blind-deconvolution methods encompass those that do not require either calibrated or theoretical predetermination of the point-spread function (PSF). Instead, a blind deconvolution reconstructs the PSF concurrently with deblurring of the image data. Two-dimensional computer simulations give some definitive evidence of the integrity of the reconstructions of both the fluorescence concentration and the PSF. A reconstructed image and a reconstructed PSF from a two-dimensional fluorescent data set show that the blind version of the algorithm produces images that are comparable with those previously produced by a precursory nonblind version of the algorithm. They furthermore show a remarkable similarity, albeit not perfectly identical, with a PSF measurement taken for the same data set, provided by Agard and colleagues. A reconstructed image of a three-dimensional confocal data set shows a substantial axial smear removal. There is currently an existing trade-off in using the blind deconvolution in that it converges at a slightly slower rate than the nonblind approach. Future research, of course, will address this present limitation.
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Vargas AV, Krishnamurthi V, Masih R, Robinson AV, Schulak JA. Prostaglandin E1 attenuation of ischemic renal reperfusion injury in the rat. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180:713-7. [PMID: 7773485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a vasodilating prostaglandin, has been shown to protect against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury in acute experiments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not delayed administration of PGE1 would also be effective, as it has been suggested to be, in ischemic hepatic injury. STUDY DESIGN In a chronic model, rats underwent 60 minutes of total renal ischemia followed by either NaCl or PGE1 therapy delivered at either time 0, 30, or 60 minutes after reperfusion. Serum creatinine and renal histology were evaluated for seven days. In an isolated perfused kidney model, kidneys were similarly treated but were removed and perfused in order to measure renal vascular resistance (VR). RESULTS Prostaglandin E1 administration at time 0 resulted in lower creatinine values when compared with controls at both day 2 (2.1 +/- 0.4 compared with 4.2 +/- 0.9 mg/dL) and day 7 (0.9 +/- 0.1 compared with 2.3 +/- 0.8 mg/dL). Conversely, no improvement was observed when PGE1 was delayed for either 30 or 60 minutes. Renal morphology at seven days was essentially intact in PGE1-treated rats (time 0) whereas changes characteristic of acute tubular necrosis were observed in control kidneys. Ischemia caused a twofold increase in VR compared with nonischemic controls (6.18 +/- 1.12 compared with 3.45 +/- 0.66 mm Hg/mL/min/g at 20 minutes of perfusion). Prostaglandin E1-treated kidneys (time 0) had a VR that was unchanged from that calculated for nonischemic controls (3.28 +/- 0.63 compared with 3.45 +/- 0.66 mm Hg/mL/min/g at 20 minutes). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that after total renal ischemia, PGE1 administration at reperfusion ameliorates the expected injury, whereas delayed treatment is ineffective. Decreased vascular resistance may be responsible for this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vargas
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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Krishnamurthi V, Spirnak JP. Endoscopic urethroplasty: an alternative to surgical reconstruction for complete urethral obliteration. Semin Urol 1995; 13:56-61. [PMID: 7597353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Urethral obliteration is an uncommon complication of urethral injury and is usually associated with pelvic fracture. Until recently, surgical reconstruction was the only means available to restore urethral continuity. Although formal urethroplasty may be associated with excellent success rates, impotence and incontinence are potential complications. Endoscopic urethroplasty has recently evolved into a suitable alternative to surgical reconstruction in selected cases. We review here the technique of endoscopic urethroplasty and include our initial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnamurthi
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve, School of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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30
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Ben-Itzhak I, Ginther SG, Krishnamurthi V, Carnes KD. Kinetic-energy release in CO dissociation caused by fast F4+ impact. Phys Rev A 1995; 51:391-399. [PMID: 9911596 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Krishnamurthi V, Nagesha K, Marathe VR, Mathur D. Probing the quantal identity of low-lying electronic states of CO2+ by quantum-chemical calculations and ion-translational-energy spectrometry. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:5460-5467. [PMID: 9906605 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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32
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Krishnakumar E, Krishnamurthi V, Rajgara FA, Raheja UT, Mathur D. Kinetic energies of recoil ions produced in 100-MeV collisions of Si8+ with CO2 molecules. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:4098-4101. [PMID: 9906441 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.r4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nayudu SG, Krishnamurthi V, Nath MC. Studies on hepatic glycolytic enzymes of normal and scorbutic guinea pigs administered acetoacetate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1968; 128:885-7. [PMID: 4299211 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-128-33148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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