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Battaglia V, Agostini V, Moroni E, Colombo G, Lombardo G, Rambaldi Migliore N, Gabrieli P, Garofalo M, Gagliardi S, Gomulski LM, Ferretti L, Semino O, Malacrida AR, Gasperi G, Achilli A, Torroni A, Olivieri A. The worldwide spread of Aedes albopictus: New insights from mitogenomes. Front Genet 2022; 13:931163. [PMID: 36092930 PMCID: PMC9459080 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is one of the most invasive species in the world and a competent vector for numerous arboviruses, thus the study and monitoring of its fast worldwide spread is crucial for global public health. The small extra-nuclear and maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA represents a key tool for reconstructing phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships within a species, especially when analyzed at the mitogenome level. Here the mitogenome variation of 76 tiger mosquitoes, 37 of which new and collected from both wild adventive populations and laboratory strains, was investigated. This analysis significantly improved the global mtDNA phylogeny of Ae. albopictus, uncovering new branches and sub-branches within haplogroup A1, the one involved in its recent worldwide spread. Our phylogeographic approach shows that the current distribution of tiger mosquito mitogenome variation has been strongly affected by clonal and sub-clonal founder events, sometimes involving wide geographic areas, even across continents, thus shedding light on the Asian sources of worldwide adventive populations. In particular, different starting points for the two major clades within A1 are suggested, with A1a spreading mainly along temperate areas from Japanese and Chinese sources, and A1b arising and mainly diffusing in tropical areas from a South Asian source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Agostini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludvik M. Gomulski
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna R. Malacrida
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Olivieri,
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Grugni V, Raveane A, Colombo G, Nici C, Crobu F, Ongaro L, Battaglia V, Sanna D, Al-Zahery N, Fiorani O, Lisa A, Ferretti L, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Francalacci P, Piazza A, Torroni A, Semino O. Y-chromosome and Surname Analyses for Reconstructing Past Population Structures: The Sardinian Population as a Test Case. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5763. [PMID: 31744094 PMCID: PMC6888588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anthropological, linguistic, genetic and genomic analyses have been carried out to evaluate the potential impact that evolutionary forces had in shaping the present-day Sardinian gene pool, the main outlier in the genetic landscape of Europe. However, due to the homogenizing effect of internal movements, which have intensified over the past fifty years, only partial information has been obtained about the main demographic events. To overcome this limitation, we analyzed the male-specific region of the Y chromosome in three population samples obtained by reallocating a large number of Sardinian subjects to the place of origin of their monophyletic surnames, which are paternally transmitted through generations in most of the populations, much like the Y chromosome. Three Y-chromosome founding lineages, G2-L91, I2-M26 and R1b-V88, were identified as strongly contributing to the definition of the outlying position of Sardinians in the European genetic context and marking a significant differentiation within the island. The present distribution of these lineages does not always mirror that detected in ancient DNAs. Our results show that the analysis of the Y-chromosome gene pool coupled with a sampling method based on the origin of the family name, is an efficient approach to unravelling past heterogeneity, often hidden by recent movements, in the gene pool of modern populations. Furthermore, the reconstruction and comparison of past genetic isolates represent a starting point to better assess the genetic information deriving from the increasing number of available ancient DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Carmen Nici
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Crobu
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Linda Ongaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Al-Zahery
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Ornella Fiorani
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “L.L. Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy; (O.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonella Lisa
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “L.L. Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy; (O.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Dipartimento di Scienza della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.G.); (A.R.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (F.C.); (L.O.); (V.B.); (D.S.); (N.A.-Z.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
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3
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Grugni V, Raveane A, Ongaro L, Battaglia V, Trombetta B, Colombo G, Capodiferro MR, Olivieri A, Achilli A, Perego UA, Motta J, Tribaldos M, Woodward SR, Ferretti L, Cruciani F, Torroni A, Semino O. Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas. BMC Biol 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30674303 PMCID: PMC6345020 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome studies of modern and ancient samples have proposed that Native Americans derive from a subset of the Eurasian gene pool carried to America by an ancestral Beringian population, from which two well-differentiated components originated and subsequently mixed in different proportion during their spread in the Americas. To assess the timing, places of origin and extent of admixture between these components, we performed an analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup Q, which is the only Pan-American haplogroup and accounts for virtually all Native American Y chromosomes in Mesoamerica and South America. RESULTS Our analyses of 1.5 Mb of 152 Y chromosomes, 34 re-sequenced in this work, support a "coastal and inland routes scenario" for the first entrance of modern humans in North America. We show a major phase of male population growth in the Americas after 15 thousand years ago (kya), followed by a period of constant population size from 8 to 3 kya, after which a secondary sign of growth was registered. The estimated dates of the first expansion in Mesoamerica and the Isthmo-Colombian Area, mainly revealed by haplogroup Q-Z780, suggest an entrance in South America prior to 15 kya. During the global constant population size phase, local South American hints of growth were registered by different Q-M848 sub-clades. These expansion events, which started during the Holocene with the improvement of climatic conditions, can be ascribed to multiple cultural changes rather than a steady population growth and a single cohesive culture diffusion as it occurred in Europe. CONCLUSIONS We established and dated a detailed haplogroup Q phylogeny that provides new insights into the geographic distribution of its Eurasian and American branches in modern and ancient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Linda Ongaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beniamino Trombetta
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Rosario Capodiferro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo A Perego
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jorge Motta
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama City, Panama
| | - Maribel Tribaldos
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Economic Evaluation, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Cruciani
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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4
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Grugni V, Raveane A, Mattioli F, Battaglia V, Sala C, Toniolo D, Ferretti L, Gardella R, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Passarino G, Semino O. Reconstructing the genetic history of Italians: new insights from a male (Y-chromosome) perspective. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:44-56. [PMID: 29382284 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1409801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its central and strategic position in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin, the Italian Peninsula played a pivotal role in the first peopling of the European continent and has been a crossroad of peoples and cultures since then. AIM This study aims to gain more information on the genetic structure of modern Italian populations and to shed light on the migration/expansion events that led to their formation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS High resolution Y-chromosome variation analysis in 817 unrelated males from 10 informative areas of Italy was performed. Haplogroup frequencies and microsatellite haplotypes were used, together with available data from the literature, to evaluate Mediterranean and European inputs and date their arrivals. RESULTS Fifty-three distinct Y-chromosome lineages were identified. Their distribution is in general agreement with geography, southern populations being more differentiated than northern ones. CONCLUSIONS A complex genetic structure reflecting the multifaceted peopling pattern of the Peninsula emerged: southern populations show high similarity with those from the Middle East and Southern Balkans, while those from Northern Italy are close to populations of North-Western Europe and the Northern Balkans. Interestingly, the population of Volterra, an ancient town of Etruscan origin in Tuscany, displays a unique Y-chromosomal genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Grugni
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Mattioli
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Cinzia Sala
- b Divisione di Genetica e Biologia Cellulare , Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- b Divisione di Genetica e Biologia Cellulare , Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Rita Gardella
- c Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale , Università di Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- d Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra , Università della Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende , Cosenza , Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani" , Università di Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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5
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Brandini S, Bergamaschi P, Cerna MF, Gandini F, Bastaroli F, Bertolini E, Cereda C, Ferretti L, Gómez-Carballa A, Battaglia V, Salas A, Semino O, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Torroni A. The Paleo-Indian Entry into South America According to Mitogenomes. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:299-311. [PMID: 29099937 PMCID: PMC5850732 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent and compelling archaeological evidence attests to human presence ∼14.5 ka at multiple sites in South America and a very early exploitation of extreme high-altitude Andean environments. Considering that, according to genetic evidence, human entry into North America from Beringia most likely occurred ∼16 ka, these archeological findings would imply an extremely rapid spread along the double continent. To shed light on this issue from a genetic perspective, we first completely sequenced 217 novel modern mitogenomes of Native American ancestry from the northwestern area of South America (Ecuador and Peru); we then evaluated them phylogenetically together with other available mitogenomes (430 samples, both modern and ancient) from the same geographic area and, finally, with all closely related mitogenomes from the entire double continent. We detected a large number (N = 48) of novel subhaplogroups, often branching into further subclades, belonging to two classes: those that arose in South America early after its peopling and those that instead originated in North or Central America and reached South America with the first settlers. Coalescence age estimates for these subhaplogroups provide time boundaries indicating that early Paleo-Indians probably moved from North America to the area corresponding to modern Ecuador and Peru over the short time frame of ∼1.5 ka comprised between 16.0 and 14.6 ka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Brandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Bergamaschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fernando Cerna
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Salesian Polytechnic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Salas
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Battaglia V, Gabrieli P, Brandini S, Capodiferro MR, Javier PA, Chen XG, Achilli A, Semino O, Gomulski LM, Malacrida AR, Gasperi G, Torroni A, Olivieri A. The Worldwide Spread of the Tiger Mosquito as Revealed by Mitogenome Haplogroup Diversity. Front Genet 2016; 7:208. [PMID: 27933090 PMCID: PMC5120106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 40 years, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, indigenous to East Asia, has colonized every continent except Antarctica. Its spread is a major public health concern, given that this species is a competent vector for numerous arboviruses, including those causing dengue, chikungunya, West Nile, and the recently emerged Zika fever. To acquire more information on the ancestral source(s) of adventive populations and the overall diffusion process from its native range, we analyzed the mitogenome variation of 27 individuals from representative populations of Asia, the Americas, and Europe. Phylogenetic analyses revealed five haplogroups in Asia, but population surveys appear to indicate that only three of these (A1a1, A1a2, and A1b) were involved in the recent worldwide spread. We also found out that a derived lineage (A1a1a1) within A1a1, which is now common in Italy, most likely arose in North America from an ancestral Japanese source. These different genetic sources now coexist in many of the recently colonized areas, thus probably creating novel genomic combinations which might be one of the causes of the apparently growing ability of A. albopictus to expand its geographical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Brandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco R Capodiferro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Pio A Javier
- Crop Protection Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludvik M Gomulski
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna R Malacrida
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Pizzi G, Cotruzzola AM, Battaglia V. Thrombophilias and new oral anticoagulants, a safe alternative to warfarin? Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:569-70. [PMID: 27390989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pizzi
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital "Madonna della Consolazione", Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | | | - V Battaglia
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital "Madonna della Consolazione", Reggio Calabria, Italy
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8
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Colli L, Lancioni H, Cardinali I, Olivieri A, Capodiferro MR, Pellecchia M, Rzepus M, Zamani W, Naderi S, Gandini F, Vahidi SMF, Agha S, Randi E, Battaglia V, Sardina MT, Portolano B, Rezaei HR, Lymberakis P, Boyer F, Coissac E, Pompanon F, Taberlet P, Ajmone Marsan P, Achilli A. Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1115. [PMID: 26714643 PMCID: PMC4696231 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). Results We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) from Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated the most recent common ancestor of C. hircus to ~460,000 years (ka) ago and identified five distinctive domestic haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 and G). More than 90 % of goats examined were in haplogroup A. These domestic lineages are predominantly nested within C. aegagrus branches, diverged concomitantly at the interface between the Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic periods, and underwent a dramatic expansion starting from ~12–10 ka ago. Conclusions Domestic goat mitogenomes descended from a small number of founding haplotypes that underwent domestication after surviving the last glacial maximum in the Near Eastern refuges. All modern haplotypes A probably descended from a single (or at most a few closely related) female C. aegagrus. Zooarchaelogical data indicate that domestication first occurred in Southeastern Anatolia. Goats accompanying the first Neolithic migration waves into the Mediterranean were already characterized by two ancestral A and C variants. The ancient separation of the C branch (~130 ka ago) suggests a genetically distinct population that could have been involved in a second event of domestication. The novel diagnostic mutational motifs defined here, which distinguish wild and domestic haplogroups, could be used to understand phylogenetic relationships among modern breeds and ancient remains and to evaluate whether selection differentially affected mitochondrial genome variants during the development of economically important breeds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2342-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Colli
- Institute of Zootechnics, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy. .,Research Center on Biodiversity and Ancient DNA - BioDNA, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy.
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy.
| | - Irene Cardinali
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy.
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Marco Rosario Capodiferro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Marco Pellecchia
- Institute of Zootechnics, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy.
| | - Marcin Rzepus
- Institute of Zootechnics, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy. .,Institute of Food Science and Nutrition - ISAN, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy.
| | - Wahid Zamani
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, 38041, France. .,Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, 46414-356, Iran.
| | - Saeid Naderi
- Natural Resources Faculty, University of Guilan, Guilan, 41335-1914, Iran.
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy. .,School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | | | - Saif Agha
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
| | - Ettore Randi
- Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Bologna, 40064, Italy. .,Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9000, Denmark.
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Sardina
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Baldassare Portolano
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Hamid Reza Rezaei
- Environmental Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran.
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Iraklio, Crete, 71409, Greece.
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, 38041, France.
| | - Eric Coissac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, 38041, France.
| | - François Pompanon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, 38041, France.
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, 38041, France.
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Institute of Zootechnics, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy. .,Research Center on Biodiversity and Ancient DNA - BioDNA, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, 29122, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Grugni V, Battaglia V, Perego UA, Raveane A, Lancioni H, Olivieri A, Ferretti L, Woodward SR, Pascale JM, Cooke R, Myres N, Motta J, Torroni A, Achilli A, Semino O. Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144223. [PMID: 26636572 PMCID: PMC4670172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geologically, Panama belongs to the Central American land-bridge between North and South America crossed by Homo sapiens >14 ka ago. Archaeologically, it belongs to a wider Isthmo-Colombian Area. Today, seven indigenous ethnic groups account for 12.3% of Panama’s population. Five speak Chibchan languages and are characterized by low genetic diversity and a high level of differentiation. In addition, no evidence of differential structuring between maternally and paternally inherited genes has been reported in isthmian Chibchan cultural groups. Recent data have shown that 83% of the Panamanian general population harbour mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Native American ancestry. Considering differential male/female mortality at European contact and multiple degrees of geographical and genetic isolation over the subsequent five centuries, the Y-chromosome Native American component is expected to vary across different geographic regions and communities in Panama. To address this issue, we investigated Y-chromosome variation in 408 modern males from the nine provinces of Panama and one indigenous territory (the comarca of Kuna Yala). In contrast to mtDNA data, the Y-chromosome Native American component (haplogroup Q) exceeds 50% only in three populations facing the Caribbean Sea: the comarca of Kuna Yala and Bocas del Toro province where Chibchan languages are spoken by the majority, and the province of Colón where many Kuna and people of mixed indigenous-African-and-European descent live. Elsewhere the Old World component is dominant and mostly represented by western Eurasian haplogroups, which signal the strong male genetic impact of invaders. Sub-Saharan African input accounts for 5.9% of male haplotypes. This reflects the consequences of the colonial Atlantic slave trade and more recent influxes of West Indians of African heritage. Overall, our findings reveal a local evolution of the male Native American ancestral gene pool, and a strong but geographically differentiated unidirectional sex bias in the formation of local modern Panamanian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Grugni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo Alessandro Perego
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Scott R. Woodward
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Richard Cooke
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Natalie Myres
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Ancestry, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jorge Motta
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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10
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Olivieri A, Gandini F, Achilli A, Fichera A, Rizzi E, Bonfiglio S, Battaglia V, Brandini S, De Gaetano A, El-Beltagi A, Lancioni H, Agha S, Semino O, Ferretti L, Torroni A. Mitogenomes from Egyptian Cattle Breeds: New Clues on the Origin of Haplogroup Q and the Early Spread of Bos taurus from the Near East. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141170. [PMID: 26513361 PMCID: PMC4626031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in the Near East during the Neolithic transition about 10 thousand years (ky) ago, with the likely exception of a minor secondary event in Italy. However, despite the proven effectiveness of whole mitochondrial genome data in providing valuable information concerning the origin of taurine cattle, until now no population surveys have been carried out at the level of mitogenomes in local breeds from the Near East or surrounding areas. Egypt is in close geographic and cultural proximity to the Near East, in particular the Nile Delta region, and was one of the first neighboring areas to adopt the Neolithic package. Thus, a survey of mitogenome variation of autochthonous taurine breeds from the Nile Delta region might provide new insights on the early spread of cattle rearing outside the Near East. METHODOLOGY Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing we characterized the mitogenomes from two cattle breeds, Menofi (N = 17) and Domiaty (N = 14), from the Nile Delta region. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses were subsequently performed. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analyses of the 31 mitogenomes confirmed the prevalence of haplogroup T1, similar to most African cattle breeds, but showed also high frequencies for haplogroups T2, T3 and Q1, and an extremely high haplotype diversity, while Bayesian skyline plots pointed to a main episode of population growth ~12.5 ky ago. Comparisons of Nile Delta mitogenomes with those from other geographic areas revealed that (i) most Egyptian mtDNAs are probably direct local derivatives from the founder domestic herds which first arrived from the Near East and the extent of gene flow from and towards the Nile Delta region was limited after the initial founding event(s); (ii) haplogroup Q1 was among these founders, thus proving that it underwent domestication in the Near East together with the founders of the T clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fichera
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ermanno Rizzi
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate (Milano), Italy
- Fondazione Telethon, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Brandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ahmed El-Beltagi
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Saif Agha
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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La Torre A, Mandalà C, Pezza L, Caradonia F, Battaglia V. Evaluation of essential plant oils for the control ofPlasmopara viticola. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2014.889049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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La Torre A, Caradonia F, Gianferro M, Molinu MG, Battaglia V. ACTIVITY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AGAINST SOME PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2014; 79:439-449. [PMID: 26080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The requirement of environmental protection and food safety is perceived with always major interest by public opinion and it is consistent with European Union legislation on the sustainable use of pesticides (Directive 2009/128/EC). This directive requires member states to promote low pesticide-input, giving priority to non-chemical methods and low risk plant protection products. In order to contribute to the achievement of these objectives antifungal activity of natural substances, characterized by a good toxicological and ecotoxicological profile, was tested. Essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum and extract from Mimosa tenuiflora were tested against Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (races 1 and 2). In vitro tests involved determination of radial growth of the colonies of fungi in the presence of varying concentrations of tested products in agar media and determination of germination percentage in the presence of tested product at various concentrations. The products based on essential oil of M. alternifolia were also tested in vivo on tomato fruits wounded and artificially inoculated with A. alternata or with B. cinerea. The in vitro tests showed the antifungal activity of both essential oils instead the extract from M. tenuiflora exhibited poor antifungal activity and only against A. alternata and B. cinerea. The results on tomato fruits showed inhibition of grey mould and black mould by essential oil of M. alternifolia. The antifungal activity increased with increasing concentrations. In conclusion, the obtained results in the present study showed promising prospects for the utilisation of investigated products to reduce the using of antifungal chemicals and to achieve a more sustainable use of pesticides.
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Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, Woodward SR, Achilli A, Myres N, Torroni A, Semino O. The first peopling of South America: new evidence from Y-chromosome haplogroup Q. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71390. [PMID: 23990949 PMCID: PMC3749222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the phylogenetic resolution of the Y-chromosome phylogeny permits the male demographic dynamics and migratory events that occurred in Central and Southern America after the initial human spread into the Americas to be investigated at the regional level. To delve further into this issue, we examined more than 400 Native American Y chromosomes (collected in the region ranging from Mexico to South America) belonging to haplogroup Q – virtually the only branch of the Y phylogeny observed in modern-day Amerindians of Central and South America – together with 27 from Mongolia and Kamchatka. Two main founding lineages, Q1a3a1a-M3 and Q1a3a1-L54(xM3), were detected along with novel sub-clades of younger age and more restricted geographic distributions. The first was also observed in Far East Asia while no Q1a3a1-L54(xM3) Y chromosome was found in Asia except the southern Siberian-specific sub-clade Q1a3a1c-L330. Our data not only confirm a southern Siberian origin of ancestral populations that gave rise to Paleo-Indians and the differentiation of both Native American Q founding lineages in Beringia, but support their concomitant arrival in Mesoamerica, where Mexico acted as recipient for the first wave of migration, followed by a rapid southward migration, along the Pacific coast, into the Andean region. Although Q1a3a1a-M3 and Q1a3a1-L54(xM3) display overlapping general distributions, they show different patterns of evolution in the Mexican plateau and the Andean area, which can be explained by local differentiations due to demographic events triggered by the introduction of agriculture and associated with the flourishing of the Great Empires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo Alessandro Perego
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Norman Angerhofer
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Scott Ray Woodward
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- AncestryDNA, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Natalie Myres
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- AncestryDNA, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Studi di Genere”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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14
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Olivieri A, Pala M, Gandini F, Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Woodward SR, Grugni V, Battaglia V, Semino O, Achilli A, Richards MB, Torroni A. Mitogenomes from two uncommon haplogroups mark late glacial/postglacial expansions from the near east and neolithic dispersals within Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70492. [PMID: 23936216 PMCID: PMC3729697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current human mitochondrial (mtDNA) phylogeny does not equally represent all human populations but is biased in favour of representatives originally from north and central Europe. This especially affects the phylogeny of some uncommon West Eurasian haplogroups, including I and W, whose southern European and Near Eastern components are very poorly represented, suggesting that extensive hidden phylogenetic substructure remains to be uncovered. This study expanded and re-analysed the available datasets of I and W complete mtDNA genomes, reaching a comprehensive 419 mitogenomes, and searched for precise correlations between the ages and geographical distributions of their numerous newly identified subclades with events of human dispersal which contributed to the genetic formation of modern Europeans. Our results showed that haplogroups I (within N1a1b) and W originated in the Near East during the Last Glacial Maximum or pre-warming period (the period of gradual warming between the end of the LGM, ∼19 ky ago, and the beginning of the first main warming phase, ∼15 ky ago) and, like the much more common haplogroups J and T, may have been involved in Late Glacial expansions starting from the Near East. Thus our data contribute to a better definition of the Late and postglacial re-peopling of Europe, providing further evidence for the scenario that major population expansions started after the Last Glacial Maximum but before Neolithic times, but also evidencing traces of diffusion events in several I and W subclades dating to the European Neolithic and restricted to Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Karachanak S, Grugni V, Fornarino S, Nesheva D, Al-Zahery N, Battaglia V, Carossa V, Yordanov Y, Torroni A, Galabov AS, Toncheva D, Semino O. Y-chromosome diversity in modern Bulgarians: new clues about their ancestry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56779. [PMID: 23483890 PMCID: PMC3590186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To better define the structure and origin of the Bulgarian paternal gene pool, we have examined the Y-chromosome variation in 808 Bulgarian males. The analysis was performed by high-resolution genotyping of biallelic markers and by analyzing the STR variation within the most informative haplogroups. We found that the Y-chromosome gene pool in modern Bulgarians is primarily represented by Western Eurasian haplogroups with ∼ 40% belonging to haplogroups E-V13 and I-M423, and 20% to R-M17. Haplogroups common in the Middle East (J and G) and in South Western Asia (R-L23*) occur at frequencies of 19% and 5%, respectively. Haplogroups C, N and Q, distinctive for Altaic and Central Asian Turkic-speaking populations, occur at the negligible frequency of only 1.5%. Principal Component analyses group Bulgarians with European populations, apart from Central Asian Turkic-speaking groups and South Western Asia populations. Within the country, the genetic variation is structured in Western, Central and Eastern Bulgaria indicating that the Balkan Mountains have been permeable to human movements. The lineage analysis provided the following interesting results: (i) R-L23* is present in Eastern Bulgaria since the post glacial period; (ii) haplogroup E-V13 has a Mesolithic age in Bulgaria from where it expanded after the arrival of farming; (iii) haplogroup J-M241 probably reflects the Neolithic westward expansion of farmers from the earliest sites along the Black Sea. On the whole, in light of the most recent historical studies, which indicate a substantial proto-Bulgarian input to the contemporary Bulgarian people, our data suggest that a common paternal ancestry between the proto-Bulgarians and the Altaic and Central Asian Turkic-speaking populations either did not exist or was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Karachanak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Fornarino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadia Al-Zahery
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Carossa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yordan Yordanov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angel S. Galabov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- * E-mail: (DT); (OS)
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail: (DT); (OS)
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Grugni V, Battaglia V, Hooshiar Kashani B, Parolo S, Al-Zahery N, Achilli A, Olivieri A, Gandini F, Houshmand M, Sanati MH, Torroni A, Semino O. Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41252. [PMID: 22815981 PMCID: PMC3399854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of high resolution Y-chromosome haplogroup diversification within Iran provides important geographic context regarding the spread and compartmentalization of male lineages in the Middle East and southwestern Asia. At present, the Iranian population is characterized by an extraordinary mix of different ethnic groups speaking a variety of Indo-Iranian, Semitic and Turkic languages. Despite these features, only few studies have investigated the multiethnic components of the Iranian gene pool. In this survey 938 Iranian male DNAs belonging to 15 ethnic groups from 14 Iranian provinces were analyzed for 84 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 10 STRs. The results show an autochthonous but non-homogeneous ancient background mainly composed by J2a sub-clades with different external contributions. The phylogeography of the main haplogroups allowed identifying post-glacial and Neolithic expansions toward western Eurasia but also recent movements towards the Iranian region from western Eurasia (R1b-L23), Central Asia (Q-M25), Asia Minor (J2a-M92) and southern Mesopotamia (J1-Page08). In spite of the presence of important geographic barriers (Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges, and the Dasht-e Kavir and Dash-e Lut deserts) which may have limited gene flow, AMOVA analysis revealed that language, in addition to geography, has played an important role in shaping the nowadays Iranian gene pool. Overall, this study provides a portrait of the Y-chromosomal variation in Iran, useful for depicting a more comprehensive history of the peoples of this area as well as for reconstructing ancient migration routes. In addition, our results evidence the important role of the Iranian plateau as source and recipient of gene flow between culturally and genetically distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Parolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadia Al-Zahery
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanati
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Studi di Genere”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Al-Zahery N, Pala M, Battaglia V, Grugni V, Hamod MA, Hooshiar Kashani B, Olivieri A, Torroni A, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Semino O. In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:288. [PMID: 21970613 PMCID: PMC3215667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For millennia, the southern part of the Mesopotamia has been a wetland region generated by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers before flowing into the Gulf. This area has been occupied by human communities since ancient times and the present-day inhabitants, the Marsh Arabs, are considered the population with the strongest link to ancient Sumerians. Popular tradition, however, considers the Marsh Arabs as a foreign group, of unknown origin, which arrived in the marshlands when the rearing of water buffalo was introduced to the region. RESULTS To shed some light on the paternal and maternal origin of this population, Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was surveyed in 143 Marsh Arabs and in a large sample of Iraqi controls. Analyses of the haplogroups and sub-haplogroups observed in the Marsh Arabs revealed a prevalent autochthonous Middle Eastern component for both male and female gene pools, with weak South-West Asian and African contributions, more evident in mtDNA. A higher male than female homogeneity is characteristic of the Marsh Arab gene pool, likely due to a strong male genetic drift determined by socio-cultural factors (patrilocality, polygamy, unequal male and female migration rates). CONCLUSIONS Evidence of genetic stratification ascribable to the Sumerian development was provided by the Y-chromosome data where the J1-Page08 branch reveals a local expansion, almost contemporary with the Sumerian City State period that characterized Southern Mesopotamia. On the other hand, a more ancient background shared with Northern Mesopotamia is revealed by the less represented Y-chromosome lineage J1-M267*. Overall our results indicate that the introduction of water buffalo breeding and rice farming, most likely from the Indian sub-continent, only marginally affected the gene pool of autochthonous people of the region. Furthermore, a prevalent Middle Eastern ancestry of the modern population of the marshes of southern Iraq implies that if the Marsh Arabs are descendants of the ancient Sumerians, also the Sumerians were most likely autochthonous and not of Indian or South Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Zahery
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Achilli A, Olivieri A, Pala M, Hooshiar Kashani B, Carossa V, Perego UA, Gandini F, Santoro A, Battaglia V, Grugni V, Lancioni H, Sirolla C, Bonfigli AR, Cormio A, Boemi M, Testa I, Semino O, Ceriello A, Spazzafumo L, Gadaleta MN, Marra M, Testa R, Franceschi C, Torroni A. Mitochondrial DNA backgrounds might modulate diabetes complications rather than T2DM as a whole. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21029. [PMID: 21695278 PMCID: PMC3111471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in rare and common forms of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Additionally, rare mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been shown to be causal for T2DM pathogenesis. So far, many studies have investigated the possibility that mtDNA variation might affect the risk of T2DM, however, when found, haplogroup association has been rarely replicated, even in related populations, possibly due to an inadequate level of haplogroup resolution. Effects of mtDNA variation on diabetes complications have also been proposed. However, additional studies evaluating the mitochondrial role on both T2DM and related complications are badly needed. To test the hypothesis of a mitochondrial genome effect on diabetes and its complications, we genotyped the mtDNAs of 466 T2DM patients and 438 controls from a regional population of central Italy (Marche). Based on the most updated mtDNA phylogeny, all 904 samples were classified into 57 different mitochondrial sub-haplogroups, thus reaching an unprecedented level of resolution. We then evaluated whether the susceptibility of developing T2DM or its complications differed among the identified haplogroups, considering also the potential effects of phenotypical and clinical variables. MtDNA backgrounds, even when based on a refined haplogroup classification, do not appear to play a role in developing T2DM despite a possible protective effect for the common European haplogroup H1, which harbors the G3010A transition in the MTRNR2 gene. In contrast, our data indicate that different mitochondrial haplogroups are significantly associated with an increased risk of specific diabetes complications: H (the most frequent European haplogroup) with retinopathy, H3 with neuropathy, U3 with nephropathy, and V with renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Pala
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Carossa
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo A. Perego
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG-Interdepartmental Center for Biophysics and Biocomplexity Studies, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Viola Grugni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Sirolla
- Department of Gerontology Research, Statistic and Biometry Center, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bonfigli
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Center on Diabetes, Italian National Research Center on Aging, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare “E. Quagliariello”, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Boemi
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Center on Diabetes, Italian National Research Center on Aging, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ivano Testa
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Center on Diabetes, Italian National Research Center on Aging, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale “Studi di Genere”, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadis (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liana Spazzafumo
- Department of Gerontology Research, Statistic and Biometry Center, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Nicola Gadaleta
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare “E. Quagliariello”, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marra
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Center on Diabetes, Italian National Research Center on Aging, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Testa
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Center on Diabetes, Italian National Research Center on Aging, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG-Interdepartmental Center for Biophysics and Biocomplexity Studies, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Martinis P, Zago L, Maritati M, Battaglia V, Grancara S, Rizzoli V, Agostinelli E, Bragadin M, Toninello A. Interactions of melatonin with mammalian mitochondria. Reducer of energy capacity and amplifier of permeability transition. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1827-37. [PMID: 21476076 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a metabolic product of the amino acid tryptophan, induces a dose-dependent energy drop correlated with a decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation process in isolated rat liver mitochondria. This effect involves a gradual decrease in the respiratory control index and significant alterations in the state 4/state 3 transition of membrane potential (ΔΨ). Melatonin, alone, does not affect the insulating properties of the inner membrane but, in the presence of supraphysiological Ca2+, induces a ΔΨ drop and colloid-osmotic mitochondrial swelling. These events are sensitive to cyclosporin A and the inhibitors of Ca2+ transport, indicative of the induction or amplification of the mitochondrial permeability transition. This phenomenon is triggered by oxidative stress induced by melatonin and Ca2+, with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and the consequent oxidation of sulfydryl groups, glutathione and pyridine nucleotides. In addition, melatonin, again in the presence of Ca2+, can also induce substantial release of cytochrome C and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), thus revealing its potential as a pro-apoptotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martinis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
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Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Zhivotovsky LA, King RJ, Lin AA, Chow CET, Semino O, Battaglia V, Kutuev I, Järve M, Chaubey G, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Mehdi SQ, Sengupta S, Rogaev EI, Khusnutdinova EK, Pshenichnov A, Balanovsky O, Balanovska E, Jeran N, Augustin DH, Baldovic M, Herrera RJ, Thangaraj K, Singh V, Singh L, Majumder P, Rudan P, Primorac D, Villems R, Kivisild T. Erratum: Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a. Eur J Hum Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Battaglia V, Grancara S, Satriano J, Saccoccio S, Agostinelli E, Toninello A. Agmatine prevents the Ca(2+)-dependent induction of permeability transition in rat brain mitochondria. Amino Acids 2009; 38:431-7. [PMID: 20012118 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The arginine metabolite agmatine is able to protect brain mitochondria against the drop in energy capacity by the Ca(2+)-dependent induction of permeability transition (MPT) in rat brain mitochondria. At normal levels, the amine maintains the respiratory control index and ADP/O ratio and prevents mitochondrial colloid-osmotic swelling and any electrical potential (DeltaPsi) drop. MPT is due to oxidative stress induced by the interaction of Ca(2+) with the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide and, subsequently, other reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals. This production of ROS induces oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, in particular those of two critical cysteines, most probably located on adenine nucleotide translocase, and also oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, resulting in transition pore opening. The protective effect of agmatine is attributable to a scavenging effect on the most toxic ROS, i.e., the hydroxyl radical, thus preventing oxidative stress and consequent bioenergetic collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Battaglia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo, 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
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22
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Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Zhivotovsky LA, King RJ, Lin AA, Chow CET, Semino O, Battaglia V, Kutuev I, Järve M, Chaubey G, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Mehdi SQ, Sengupta S, Rogaev EI, Khusnutdinova EK, Pshenichnov A, Balanovsky O, Balanovska E, Jeran N, Augustin DH, Baldovic M, Herrera RJ, Thangaraj K, Singh V, Singh L, Majumder P, Rudan P, Primorac D, Villems R, Kivisild T. Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 18:479-84. [PMID: 19888303 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Y-chromosome haplogroup structure is largely circumscribed by continental boundaries. One notable exception to this general pattern is the young haplogroup R1a that exhibits post-Glacial coalescent times and relates the paternal ancestry of more than 10% of men in a wide geographic area extending from South Asia to Central East Europe and South Siberia. Its origin and dispersal patterns are poorly understood as no marker has yet been described that would distinguish European R1a chromosomes from Asian. Here we present frequency and haplotype diversity estimates for more than 2000 R1a chromosomes assessed for several newly discovered SNP markers that introduce the onset of informative R1a subdivisions by geography. Marker M434 has a low frequency and a late origin in West Asia bearing witness to recent gene flow over the Arabian Sea. Conversely, marker M458 has a significant frequency in Europe, exceeding 30% in its core area in Eastern Europe and comprising up to 70% of all M17 chromosomes present there. The diversity and frequency profiles of M458 suggest its origin during the early Holocene and a subsequent expansion likely related to a number of prehistoric cultural developments in the region. Its primary frequency and diversity distribution correlates well with some of the major Central and East European river basins where settled farming was established before its spread further eastward. Importantly, the virtual absence of M458 chromosomes outside Europe speaks against substantial patrilineal gene flow from East Europe to Asia, including to India, at least since the mid-Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Underhill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94304-5485, USA.
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Fornarino S, Pala M, Battaglia V, Maranta R, Achilli A, Modiano G, Torroni A, Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA. Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:154. [PMID: 19573232 PMCID: PMC2720951 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent represent an area considered as a source and a reservoir for human genetic diversity, with many markers taking root here, most of which are the ancestral state of eastern and western haplogroups, while others are local. Between these two regions, Terai (Nepal) is a pivotal passageway allowing, in different times, multiple population interactions, although because of its highly malarial environment, it was scarcely inhabited until a few decades ago, when malaria was eradicated. One of the oldest and the largest indigenous people of Terai is represented by the malaria resistant Tharus, whose gene pool could still retain traces of ancient complex interactions. Until now, however, investigations on their genetic structure have been scarce mainly identifying East Asian signatures. RESULTS High-resolution analyses of mitochondrial-DNA (including 34 complete sequences) and Y-chromosome (67 SNPs and 12 STRs) variations carried out in 173 Tharus (two groups from Central and one from Eastern Terai), and 104 Indians (Hindus from Terai and New Delhi and tribals from Andhra Pradesh) allowed the identification of three principal components: East Asian, West Eurasian and Indian, the last including both local and inter-regional sub-components, at least for the Y chromosome. CONCLUSION Although remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences appear among the various population groups and also between sexes within the same group, many mitochondrial-DNA and Y-chromosome lineages are shared or derived from ancient Indian haplogroups, thus revealing a deep shared ancestry between Tharus and Indians. Interestingly, the local Y-chromosome Indian component observed in the Andhra-Pradesh tribals is present in all Tharu groups, whereas the inter-regional component strongly prevails in the two Hindu samples and other Nepalese populations.The complete sequencing of mtDNAs from unresolved haplogroups also provided informative markers that greatly improved the mtDNA phylogeny and allowed the identification of ancient relationships between Tharus and Malaysia, the Andaman Islands and Japan as well as between India and North and East Africa. Overall, this study gives a paradigmatic example of the importance of genetic isolates in revealing variants not easily detectable in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fornarino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia,Pavia, Italy.
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Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Olivieri A, Pala M, Myres NM, King RJ, Rootsi S, Marjanovic D, Primorac D, Hadziselimovic R, Vidovic S, Drobnic K, Durmishi N, Torroni A, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Underhill PA, Semino O. Erratum: Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Achilli A, Olivieri A, Pellecchia M, Uboldi C, Colli L, Al-Zahery N, Accetturo M, Pala M, Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Kalamati J, Houshmand M, Negrini R, Semino O, Richards M, Macaulay V, Ferretti L, Bandelt HJ, Ajmone-Marsan P, Torroni A. Mitochondrial genomes of extinct aurochs survive in domestic cattle. Curr Biol 2008; 18:R157-8. [PMID: 18302915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marques MPM, Gil FPSC, Calheiros R, Battaglia V, Brunati AM, Agostinelli E, Toninello A. Biological activity of antitumoural MGBG: the structural variable. Amino Acids 2007; 34:555-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mazzeo S, Cappelli C, Caramella D, Belcari A, Forasassi F, Battaglia V, Giannini A, Pasquariello R, Pallocci S, Caproni G, Marcocci C, Pinchera A, Miccoli P, Bartolozzi C. Multidetector CT in diagnostic work-up of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Radiol Med 2007; 112:763-75. [PMID: 17673955 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-007-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in detecting parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 60 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Preoperative first-line examinations revealed negative and doubtful ultrasound (US) findings in 34 and 26 cases, respectively, and negative, doubtful and positive scintigraphic findings in 19, 20 and 21 cases, respectively. CT findings were compared with the surgical results. RESULTS CT examination was positive in 35 cases, negative in 15 cases and doubtful in ten cases. Forty out of 60 patients underwent surgery, and 39 lesions (37 adenomas, two primary hyperplasias) were identified. Surgery was negative in two cases. In eight cases, lesions had ectopic location. Surgery confirmed the CT findings in 23 positive cases. In 8/10 doubtful cases, surgery confirmed the location of the lesion in five cases, identified the ectopic location of lesions in two cases, and was negative in one case. In 9/15 cases with negative CT findings, surgery identified the lesion in eight cases. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy values were 78%, 25% and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MDCT is an accurate second-line diagnostic technique in the detection of parathyroid lesions, allowing exploration of the entire cervical and mediastinal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazzeo
- Divisione di Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Trapianti e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina, Pisa, Italy.
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Achilli A, Olivieri A, Pala M, Metspalu E, Fornarino S, Battaglia V, Accetturo M, Kutuev I, Khusnutdinova E, Pennarun E, Cerutti N, Di Gaetano C, Crobu F, Palli D, Matullo G, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Semino O, Villems R, Bandelt HJ, Piazza A, Torroni A. Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the near eastern origin of Etruscans. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:759-68. [PMID: 17357081 PMCID: PMC1852723 DOI: 10.1086/512822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the Etruscan people has been a source of major controversy for the past 2,500 years, and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their language and sophisticated culture, including an Aegean/Anatolian origin. To address this issue, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 322 subjects from three well-defined areas of Tuscany and compared their sequence variation with that of 55 western Eurasian populations. Interpopulation comparisons reveal that the modern population of Murlo, a small town of Etruscan origin, is characterized by an unusually high frequency (17.5%) of Near Eastern mtDNA haplogroups. Each of these haplogroups is represented by different haplotypes, thus dismissing the possibility that the genetic allocation of the Murlo people is due to drift. Other Tuscan populations do not show the same striking feature; however, overall, ~5% of mtDNA haplotypes in Tuscany are shared exclusively between Tuscans and Near Easterners and occupy terminal positions in the phylogeny. These findings support a direct and rather recent genetic input from the Near East--a scenario in agreement with the Lydian origin of Etruscans. Such a genetic contribution has been extensively diluted by admixture, but it appears that there are still locations in Tuscany, such as Murlo, where traces of its arrival are easily detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Agostinelli E, Tempera G, Molinari A, Salvi M, Battaglia V, Toninello A, Arancia G. The physiological role of biogenic amines redox reactions in mitochondria. New perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2007; 33:175-87. [PMID: 17390098 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In tumours, polyamines and amine oxidases increase as compared to normal tissues. Cytotoxicity induced by bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and spermine is attributed to H2O2 and aldehydes produced by the reaction. Increasing the incubation temperature from 37 to 42 degrees C enhances cytotoxicity in cells exposed to spermine metabolites. The combination BSAO/spermine prevents tumour growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated with a biocompatible hydrogel polymer. Since the tumour cells release endogenous substrates of BSAO, the administration of spermine is not required. Combination with hyperthermia improves the cytocidal effect of polyamines oxidation products. Our findings show that multidrug resistant (MDR) cells are more sensitive to spermine metabolites than their wild-type counterparts, due to an increased mitochondrial activity which induces the generation of intracellular ROS prior to the onset of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). It makes this new approach attractive, since the development of MDR is one of the major problems of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza and CNR, Rome, Italy.
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30
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Grillo MA, Battaglia V, Colombatto S, Rossi CA, Simonian AR, Salvi M, Khomutov AR, Toninello A. Inhibition of agmatine transport in liver mitochondria by new charge-deficient agmatine analogues. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:401-4. [PMID: 17371286 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The charge of the agmatine analogues AO-Agm [N-(3-aminooxypropyl)guanidine], GAPA [N-(3-aminopropoxy)guanidine] and NGPG [N-(3-guanidinopropoxy)guanidine] is deficient as compared with that of agmatine and they are thus able to inhibit agmatine transport in liver mitochondria. The presence of the guanidine group is essential for an optimal effect, since AO-Agm and NGPG display competitive inhibition, whereas that of GAPA is non-competitive. NGPG is the most effective inhibitor (Ki=0.86 mM). The sequence in the inhibitory efficacy is not directly dependent on the degree of protonation of the molecules; in fact NGPG has almost the same charge as GAPA. When the importance of the guanidine group for agmatine uptake is taken into account, this observation suggests that the agmatine transporter is a single-binding, centre-gated pore rather than a channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Grillo
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Italy
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31
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Battaglia V, Rossi CA, Colombatto S, Grillo MA, Toninello A. Different behavior of agmatine in liver mitochondria: inducer of oxidative stress or scavenger of reactive oxygen species? Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1768:1147-53. [PMID: 17316555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, at concentrations of 10 microM or 100 microM, is able to induce oxidative stress in rat liver mitochondria (RLM), as evidenced by increased oxygen uptake, H(2)O(2) generation, and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups and glutathione. One proposal for the production of H(2)O(2) and, most probably, other reactive oxygen species (ROS), is that they are the reaction products of agmatine oxidation by an unknown mitochondrial amine oxidase. Alternatively, by interacting with an iron-sulfur center of the respiratory chain, agmatine can produce an imino radical and subsequently the superoxide anion and other ROS. The observed oxidative stress causes a drop in ATP synthesis and amplification of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by Ca(2+). Instead, 1 mM agmatine generates larger amounts of H(2)O(2) than the lower concentrations, but does not affect RLM respiration or redox levels of thiols and glutathione. Indeed, it maintains the normal level of ATP synthesis and prevents Ca(2+)-induced MPT in the presence of phosphate. The self-scavenging effect against ROS production by agmatine at higher concentrations is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Padova, Italy
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Olivieri A, Achilli A, Pala M, Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Behar DM, Dugoujon JM, Coudray C, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Semino O, Bandelt HJ, Torroni A. The mtDNA legacy of the Levantine early Upper Palaeolithic in Africa. Science 2006; 314:1767-70. [PMID: 17170302 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the "out of Africa" exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Battaglia V, Sanz E, Salvi M, Unzeta M, Toninello A. Protective effect of N-(2-propynyl)-2-(5-benzyloxy-indolyl) methylamine (PF9601N) on mitochondrial permeability transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63:1440-8. [PMID: 16767355 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-006-6105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PF9601N, N-(2-propynyl)-2-(5-benzyloxy-indolyl) methylamine, an monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor, has shown neuroprotective properties against dopaminergic toxins. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this protection, the effect of PF9601N on mitochondria was assessed. PF9601N prevents mitochondrial swelling, drop in the electrical potential and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, glutathione and pyridine nucleotides induced by Ca(2+). These observations demonstrate the protective effect of PF9601N on the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. This protection is due to the interaction of the secondary protonated amino group in the molecule with pore-forming structures and to its antioxidant property, rather than to inhibition of MAO B activity. PF9601N also prevents the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, suggesting its potential inhibitory effect on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. The low IC(50) value for this inhibition, in comparison with deprenyl, make it a more efficient compound than propargylamines and other amines in protecting the bioenergetic functions of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, and Istituto di Neuroscienze del C.N.R., Unità per lo studio delle Biomembrane, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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34
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Marjanovic D, Fornarino S, Montagna S, Primorac D, Hadziselimovic R, Vidovic S, Pojskic N, Battaglia V, Achilli A, Drobnic K, Andjelinovic S, Torroni A, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Semino O. The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 69:757-63. [PMID: 16266413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The variation at 28 Y-chromosome biallelic markers was analysed in 256 males (90 Croats, 81 Serbs and 85 Bosniacs) from Bosnia-Herzegovina. An important shared feature between the three ethnic groups is the high frequency of the "Palaeolithic" European-specific haplogroup (Hg) I, a likely signature of a Balkan population re-expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum. This haplogroup is almost completely represented by the sub-haplogroup I-P37 whose frequency is, however, higher in the Croats (approximately 71%) than in Bosniacs (approximately 44%) and Serbs (approximately 31%). Other rather frequent haplogroups are E (approximately 15%) and J (approximately 7%), which are considered to have arrived from the Middle East in Neolithic and post-Neolithic times, and R-M17 (approximately 14%), which probably marked several arrivals, at different times, from eastern Eurasia. Hg E, almost exclusively represented by its subclade E-M78, is more common in the Serbs (approximately 20%) than in Bosniacs (approximately 13%) and Croats (approximately 9%), and Hg J, observed in only one Croat, encompasses approximately 9% of the Serbs and approximately 12% of the Bosniacs, where it shows its highest diversification. By contrast, Hg R-M17 displays similar frequencies in all three groups. On the whole, the three main groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina, in spite of some quantitative differences, share a large fraction of the same ancient gene pool distinctive for the Balkan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marjanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Kemalbegova 10, 71.000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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35
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Achilli A, Rengo C, Battaglia V, Pala M, Olivieri A, Fornarino S, Magri C, Scozzari R, Babudri N, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Bandelt HJ, Semino O, Torroni A. Saami and Berbers--an unexpected mitochondrial DNA link. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:883-6. [PMID: 15791543 PMCID: PMC1199377 DOI: 10.1086/430073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of entire human mitochondrial DNAs belonging to haplogroup U reveals that this clade arose shortly after the "out of Africa" exit and rapidly radiated into numerous regionally distinct subclades. Intriguingly, the Saami of Scandinavia and the Berbers of North Africa were found to share an extremely young branch, aged merely approximately 9,000 years. This unexpected finding not only confirms that the Franco-Cantabrian refuge area of southwestern Europe was the source of late-glacial expansions of hunter-gatherers that repopulated northern Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum but also reveals a direct maternal link between those European hunter-gatherer populations and the Berbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Chiara Rengo
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Maria Pala
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Simona Fornarino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Chiara Magri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Rosaria Scozzari
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Nora Babudri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bandelt
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
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36
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De Marchi U, Mancon M, Battaglia V, Ceccon S, Cardellini P, Toninello A. Influence of reactive oxygen species production by monoamine oxidase activity on aluminum-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:2664-71. [PMID: 15526171 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-004-4236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Ca2+-loaded mitochondria with both aluminum and tyramine results in a swelling of higher amplitude than with aluminum alone, while tyramine alone is ineffective. The phenomenon is accompanied by H2O2 production and thiol and pyridine nucleotide oxidation. Cyclosporin A, N-ethylmaleimide or dithioerythritol completely prevent these effects, while catalase exhibits a lower inhibition, pointing to the induction of the permeability transition (MPT) by an oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species are generated by the interaction of aluminum with the inner membrane and the oxidation of tyramine by monoamine oxidase on the outer membrane. This different localization determines the oxidation of critical thiol groups located on both internal and external sides of pore-forming structures, resulting in MPT induction. The reduced effect by aluminum or the inefficacy by tyramine, when implied alone, can be attributable to the oxidation of thiol groups located only on the internal or external side, respectively. Ultrastructural observations show that aluminum plus tyramine induce the typical configuration of mitochondria that have undergone the MPT. Instead, with aluminum alone, the sensitive subpopulation, although swollen, preserves the outer membrane and shows an apparently orthodox configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- U De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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37
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Achilli A, Rengo C, Magri C, Battaglia V, Olivieri A, Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Zeviani M, Briem E, Carelli V, Moral P, Dugoujon JM, Roostalu U, Loogväli EL, Kivisild T, Bandelt HJ, Richards M, Villems R, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Semino O, Torroni A. The molecular dissection of mtDNA haplogroup H confirms that the Franco-Cantabrian glacial refuge was a major source for the European gene pool. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:910-8. [PMID: 15382008 PMCID: PMC1182122 DOI: 10.1086/425590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete sequencing of 62 mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging (or very closely related) to haplogroup H revealed that this mtDNA haplogroup--by far the most common in Europe--is subdivided into numerous subhaplogroups, with at least 15 of them (H1-H15) identifiable by characteristic mutations. All the haplogroup H mtDNAs found in 5,743 subjects from 43 populations were then screened for diagnostic markers of subhaplogroups H1 and H3. This survey showed that both subhaplogroups display frequency peaks, centered in Iberia and surrounding areas, with distributions declining toward the northeast and southeast--a pattern extremely similar to that previously reported for mtDNA haplogroup V. Furthermore, the coalescence ages of H1 and H3 (~11,000 years) are close to that previously reported for V. These findings have major implications for the origin of Europeans, since they attest that the Franco-Cantabrian refuge area was indeed the source of late-glacial expansions of hunter-gatherers that repopulated much of Central and Northern Europe from ~15,000 years ago. This has also some implications for disease studies. For instance, the high occurrence of H1 and H3 in Iberia led us to re-evaluate the haplogroup distribution in 50 Spanish families affected by nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness due to the A1555G mutation. The survey revealed that the previously reported excess of H among these families is caused entirely by H3 and is due to a major, probably nonrecent, founder event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Chiara Rengo
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Chiara Magri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Vincenza Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Rosaria Scozzari
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Fulvio Cruciani
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Egill Briem
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Pedro Moral
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Eva-Liis Loogväli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bandelt
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Martin Richards
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Richard Villems
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for the Study of Children’s Mitochondrial Disorders, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna; Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Centre d’Anthropologie, UMR 8555, Toulouse, France; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia; Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; and Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds
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Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, Kutuev I, Barać L, Pericić M, Balanovsky O, Pshenichnov A, Dion D, Grobei M, Zhivotovsky LA, Battaglia V, Achilli A, Al-Zahery N, Parik J, King R, Cinnioğlu C, Khusnutdinova E, Rudan P, Balanovska E, Scheffrahn W, Simonescu M, Brehm A, Goncalves R, Rosa A, Moisan JP, Chaventre A, Ferak V, Füredi S, Oefner PJ, Shen P, Beckman L, Mikerezi I, Terzić R, Primorac D, Cambon-Thomsen A, Krumina A, Torroni A, Underhill PA, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Villems R, Semino O. Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:128-37. [PMID: 15162323 PMCID: PMC1181996 DOI: 10.1086/422196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate which aspects of contemporary human Y-chromosome variation in Europe are characteristic of primary colonization, late-glacial expansions from refuge areas, Neolithic dispersals, or more recent events of gene flow, we have analyzed, in detail, haplogroup I (Hg I), the only major clade of the Y phylogeny that is widespread over Europe but virtually absent elsewhere. The analysis of 1,104 Hg I Y chromosomes, which were identified in the survey of 7,574 males from 60 population samples, revealed several subclades with distinct geographic distributions. Subclade I1a accounts for most of Hg I in Scandinavia, with a rapidly decreasing frequency toward both the East European Plain and the Atlantic fringe, but microsatellite diversity reveals that France could be the source region of the early spread of both I1a and the less common I1c. Also, I1b*, which extends from the eastern Adriatic to eastern Europe and declines noticeably toward the southern Balkans and abruptly toward the periphery of northern Italy, probably diffused after the Last Glacial Maximum from a homeland in eastern Europe or the Balkans. In contrast, I1b2 most likely arose in southern France/Iberia. Similarly to the other subclades, it underwent a postglacial expansion and marked the human colonization of Sardinia approximately 9,000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Rootsi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Riia, Tartu, Estonia.
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Semino O, Magri C, Benuzzi G, Lin AA, Al-Zahery N, Battaglia V, Maccioni L, Triantaphyllidis C, Shen P, Oefner PJ, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Torroni A, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS. Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74:1023-34. [PMID: 15069642 PMCID: PMC1181965 DOI: 10.1086/386295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroups E (Hg E) and J (Hg J) was investigated in >2400 subjects from 29 populations, mainly from Europe and the Mediterranean area but also from Africa and Asia. The observed 501 Hg E and 445 Hg J samples were subtyped using 36 binary markers and eight microsatellite loci. Spatial patterns reveal that (1). the two sister clades, J-M267 and J-M172, are distributed differentially within the Near East, North Africa, and Europe; (2). J-M267 was spread by two temporally distinct migratory episodes, the most recent one probably associated with the diffusion of Arab people; (3). E-M81 is typical of Berbers, and its presence in Iberia and Sicily is due to recent gene flow from North Africa; (4). J-M172(xM12) distribution is consistent with a Levantine/Anatolian dispersal route to southeastern Europe and may reflect the spread of Anatolian farmers; and (5). E-M78 (for which microsatellite data suggest an eastern African origin) and, to a lesser extent, J-M12(M102) lineages would trace the subsequent diffusion of people from the southern Balkans to the west. A 7%-22% contribution of Y chromosomes from Greece to southern Italy was estimated by admixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Universita di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Rain JC, Selig L, De Reuse H, Battaglia V, Reverdy C, Simon S, Lenzen G, Petel F, Wojcik J, Schächter V, Chemama Y, Labigne A, Legrain P. The protein-protein interaction map of Helicobacter pylori. Nature 2001; 409:211-5. [PMID: 11196647 DOI: 10.1038/35051615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the availability of complete DNA sequences for many prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, and soon for the human genome itself, it is important to develop reliable proteome-wide approaches for a better understanding of protein function. As elementary constituents of cellular protein complexes and pathways, protein-protein interactions are key determinants of protein function. Here we have built a large-scale protein-protein interaction map of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. We have used a high-throughput strategy of the yeast two-hybrid assay to screen 261 H. pylori proteins against a highly complex library of genome-encoded polypeptides. Over 1,200 interactions were identified between H. pylori proteins, connecting 46.6% of the proteome. The determination of a reliability score for every single protein-protein interaction and the identification of the actual interacting domains permitted the assignment of unannotated proteins to biological pathways.
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Battaglia V. More on patient records. Del Med J 1993; 65:511-3. [PMID: 8405589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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