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Fernandez E, Vernet R, Charrier E, Migliorini D, Urwyler M, Belkouch MC, Von Rohr O, Saingier V, Ancrenaz V, Grandjean N, Lafferma E, Lavalliere E, Rubin O, Villard J, Grogg J, Mach N. 762P Personalized immunotherapy with encapsulated cell technology: Feasibility, safety and efficacy results from the first-in-human clinical trial in advanced relapsing solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Fernandez E, Vernet R, Charrier E, Joerger M, de Belkouch MC, Urwyler M, von Rohr O, Rubin O, Villard J, Ancrenaz V, Grandjean N, Lavallière E, Lafferma E, Grogg J, Mach N. P-190 Personalized Immunotherapy with Cell-Encapsulation Technology for 2nd line R/M HNSCC: Safety and Early Efficacy Data from all HNSCC patients treated with MVX-ONCO-1 in two clinical trials. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fernandez E, Vernet R, Charrier E, Migliorini D, Joerger M, Belkouch MC, Urwyler M, Von Rohr O, Saingier V, Ancrenaz V, Grandjean N, Lavalliere E, Lafferma E, Rubin O, Villard J, Grogg J, Mach N. MVX-ONCO-1 in advanced refractory cancers: Safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy results from all HNSCC patients treated in two ongoing clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18005 Background: MVX-ONCO-1 is an active, personalized cancer immunotherapy combining irradiated autologous tumor cells and encapsulated, genetically engineered allogeneic cells producing GM-CSF. The immunostimulant cytokine is released locally in a sustained manner over one week at the immunization site. All cancer types are potential candidates and more than 40 patients have been treated in two clinical trials. Here we report the data on all HNSCC patients treated, as of 31st January 2021. Methods: Eleven (11) patients with locally advanced/metastatic HNSCC relapsing after at least one line of systemic therapy were enrolled in 2 open-label, single-arm clinical trials (NCT02193503 and NCT02999646) evaluating the safety, feasibility and efficacy of MVX-ONCO-1. All patients were treated with at least 5 administrations of MVX-ONCO-1 over 8 weeks (W1,2,3,4,6,8). Each administration consists of the subcutaneous implantation in healthy skin of 2 capsules containing each 8x105 cells, producing > 20ng/24h of GM-CSF, and an injection of 4x106 irradiated autologous tumor cells between the 2 capsules. Results: Eleven (11) patients are evaluable for safety and feasibility. Ten patients (91%) with at least 6 months, respectively 9 patients (82%) with 12 months follow-up are evaluable for efficacy analysis. Eight patients (80%) failed both Cisplatin based chemotherapy and anti-PD1 therapies prior to enrolment. The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) was local hematoma at implantation site in 3 patients (27%). None experienced > grade 2 treatment-related AE. Overall Survival is 70% (7/10pts) at 6 months, and 56% (5/9pts) at 12 months. Eight patients (80%) presented some degree of disease control with 4SDs, 2PRs and 2CRs. Both CRs are longstanding, with both patients not any longer on anticancer therapy for 24 and 6 months respectively. While 1 PR was observed on MVX-ONCO-1, 1PR and 1CR were observed on subsequent Nivolumab therapy (both CPS0), and 1 CR was observed after carboplatin-cetuximab. Two patients had progressive disease as best overall response. Conclusions: Treatment with MVX-ONCO-1 is feasible, safe and well tolerated. Preliminary efficacy data shows an encouraging rate of tumor control including prolonged CR in patients subsequently treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. Efficacy of the concurrent use of anti-PD-1 and MVX-ONCO will be assessed in a planned clinical trial. Clinical trial information: NCT02999646.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Mach N, Vernet R, Belkouch MC, Luy P, Ancrenaz V, Teta P, Blazek N, Grandjean N, Wasem J, Grogg J, Perez T, Migliorini D. MVX-ONCO-1 phase 1 final results of the first personalized cell-based immunotherapy using cell encapsulation technology. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mach N, Migliorini D, Vernet R, Belkouch MC, Luy P, Ancrenaz V, Py C, Grogg J, Harboe-Schmidt P, Bouche N. Cell-based immunotherapy combining encapsulation cell technology and irradiated autologous tumor cells: A novel technology platform that is both safe and feasible. Results from first in man trial. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv513.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Migliorini D, Vernet R, Belkouch M, Luy P, Blaser S, Ancrenaz V, Blazek N, Grandjean N, Wasem J, Janin B, Harboe-Schmidt P, Grogg J, Bouche N, Mach N. 531 MVX-ONCO-1: First in man, Phase I clinical trial combining encapsulation cell technology and irradiated autologous tumor cells for personalized cell-based immunotherapy. Safety, feasibility and clinical outcome results. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ackermann-Zare M, Ancrenaz V, Blazek N, Brun C, Gani D, Grandjean N, Marti-Klay F, Trembleau C, Wasem J, Mach N. [The Onco-hematology clinical research unit at the Geneva University Hospital: example of a fruitful public-private partners]. Rev Med Suisse 2014; 10:1136-1140. [PMID: 24941687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecular deregulation leading to carcinogenesis allows the development of numerous novel targeted therapeutic candidates. Clinical research in oncology is a critical step to evaluate in a thorough manner the safety and efficacy of these innovative compounds. During the last four years the fruitful partnership between the Geneva University Hospitals and the Dr. Henri Dubois-Ferriere Dinu Lipatti Foundation lead to a dedicated clinical research unit for cancer patients with a staff of ten people. Since 2010, more than 300 patients were enrolled in more than 70 distinct clinical trials evaluating novel therapies for both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Interestingly, classical cytostatic drugs now represent only a small fraction of the new anti-cancer therapies in the pipeline.
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Ancrenaz V, Desmeules J, James R, Fontana P, Reny JL, Dayer P, Daali Y. The paraoxonase-1 pathway is not a major bioactivation pathway of clopidogrel in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2362-70. [PMID: 22428615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clopidogrel is a prodrug bioactivated by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). More recently, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) has been proposed as a major contributor to clopidogrel metabolism. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative contribution of CYPs and PON1 to clopidogrel metabolism in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Clopidogrel metabolism was studied in human serum, recombinant PON1 enzyme (rePON1), pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs), HLMs with the CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype and HLMs with the CYP2C19*2/*2 genotype. Inhibition studies were also performed using specific CYP inhibitors and antibodies. Clopidogrel and its metabolites were measured using LC/MS/MS method. KEY RESULTS PON1 activity was highest in the human serum and there was no difference in PON1 activity between any of the HLM groups. The production of clopidogrel's active metabolite (clopidogrel-AM) from 2-oxo-clopidogrel in pooled HLMs was approximately 500 times that in serum. When 2-oxo-clopidogrel was incubated with rePON1, clopidogrel-AM was not detected. Clopidogrel-AM production from 2-oxo-clopidogrel was lower in CYP2C19*2/*2 HLMs compared with CYP2C19*1/*1 HLMs, while PON1 activity in HLMs with both genotypes was similar. Moreover, incubation with inhibitors of CYP3A, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 significantly reduced clopidogrel bioactivation while a PON1 inhibitor, EDTA, had only a weak inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This in vitro study shows that the contribution of PON1 to clopidogrel metabolism is limited at clinically relevant concentrations. Moreover, CYP2C19, CYP2B6 and CYP3A play important roles in the bioactivation of clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ancrenaz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ancrenaz V, Déglon J, Samer C, Staub C, Dayer P, Daali Y, Desmeules J. Pharmacokinetic interaction between prasugrel and ritonavir in healthy volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:132-7. [PMID: 22900583 PMCID: PMC3561686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The new anti-aggregating agent prasugrel is bioactivated by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 3A and 2B6. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor and was shown in vitro as a CYP2B6 inhibitor. The aim of this open-label cross-over study was to assess the effect of ritonavir on prasugrel active metabolite (prasugrel AM) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy male volunteers received 10 mg prasugrel. After at least a week washout, they received 100 mg ritonavir, followed by 10 mg prasugrel 2 hr later. We used dried blood spot sampling method to monitor prasugrel AM pharmacokinetics (Cmax, t1/2, tmax, AUC0–6 hr) at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6 hr after prasugrel administration. A ‘cocktail’ approach was used to measure CYP2B6, 2C9, 2C19 and 3A activities. In the presence of ritonavir, prasugrel AM Cmax and AUC were decreased by 45% (mean ratio: 0.55, CI 90%: 0.40–0.7, p = 0.007) and 38% (mean ratio: 0.62, CI 90%: 0.54–0.7, p = 0.005), respectively, while t1/2 and tmax were not affected. Midazolam metabolic ratio (MR) dramatically decreased in presence of ritonavir (6.7 ± 2.6 versus 0.13 ± 0.07) reflecting an almost complete inhibition of CYP3A4, whereas omeprazole, flurbiprofen and bupropion MR were not affected. These data demonstrate that ritonavir is able to block prasugrel CYP3A4 bioactivation. This CYP-mediated drug–drug interaction might lead to a significant reduction of prasugrel efficacy in HIV-infected patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ancrenaz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Daali Y, Ancrenaz V, Bosilkovska M, Dayer P, Desmeules J. Ritonavir inhibits the two main prasugrel bioactivation pathways in vitro: a potential drug-drug interaction in HIV patients. Metabolism 2011; 60:1584-9. [PMID: 21550074 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prasugrel is an antiplatelet prodrug used in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Prasugrel is mainly bioactivated by cytochromes P450 3A4/5 and CYP2B6. HIV patients are at risk of cardiovascular disease, and the protease inhibitor ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of these 2 CYPs. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the impact of ritonavir in prasugrel metabolism. Human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant microsomes were used to identify the enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of prasugrel. Prasugrel concentrations of 5 to 200 μM were used for Km determination. Inhibition by ritonavir was characterized using HLMs at concentrations of 0.1 to 30 μM. Prasugrel active metabolite determination was performed with a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Using recombinant microsomes, prasugrel biotransformation was mainly performed by CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. With specific inhibitors of CYP3A, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, active metabolite production was decreased by 38% ± 15% with 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine (CYP2B6 inhibitor) and by 45 ± 16% with ketoconazole (CYP3A inhibitor). The Km value for prasugrel metabolism in HLMs was determined to be 92.5 μM. Ritonavir at 0.1 to 30 μM was shown to be a potent dose-dependent inhibitor of prasugrel. In this in-vitro study, we found a potent inhibition of prasugrel bioactivation by ritonavir compared to the specific inhibitors of CYP3A and CYP2B6 due to the simultaneous inhibition of CYP2B6 and CYP3A by ritonavir. This finding suggests a potential significant drug-drug interaction between these two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pizarro JG, Verdaguer E, Ancrenaz V, Junyent F, Sureda F, Pallàs M, Folch J, Camins A. Resveratrol Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells: Role of Sirtuin 1. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:187-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ancrenaz V, Daali Y, Fontana P, Besson M, Samer C, Dayer P, Desmeules J. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms and Drug – Drug Interactions on Clopidogrel and Prasugrel Response Variability. Curr Drug Metab 2010; 11:667-77. [DOI: 10.2174/138920010794233521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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