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Voute M, Riant T, Amodéo J, André G, Barmaki M, Collard O, Colomb C, Créac’h C, Deleens R, Delorme C, Montgazon G, Dixneuf V, Dy L, Gaillard J, Gov C, Kieffer X, Lanteri‐Minet M, Le Borgne J, Le Caër F, Maamar F, Maindet C, Marcaillou F, Plantevin F, Pluchon Y, Rioult B, Rostaing S, Salvat E, Sep Hieng V, Sorel M, Vergne‐Salle P, Morel V, Chazeron I, Pickering G. Ketamine in chronic pain: a Delphi survey. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:873-887. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Voute
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique/CIC Inserm 1405 France
| | - Thibault Riant
- Unité douleur, Le Confluent, Catherine de Sienne Center Nantes France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Collard
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Clinique Sainte Clotilde Ile de la Réunion France
| | | | - Christelle Créac’h
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU Sainte Etienne Saint Etienne France
| | - Rodrigue Deleens
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU Rouen France
| | - Claire Delorme
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CH Bayeux Bayeux France
| | | | - Véronique Dixneuf
- Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Clinique Brétéché Nantes France
| | - Lénaïg Dy
- Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Clinique mutualiste de la porte de l’orient Lorient France
| | | | - Christian Gov
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital neurologique France
| | - Xavier Kieffer
- Centre de la Douleur Chronique et Rebelle, CH Versailles Le Chesnay France
| | - Michel Lanteri‐Minet
- Département d’Evaluation et Traitement de la Douleur Hopital de Cimiez Nice France
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Maindet
- Centre de la Douleur, Hôpital Albert Michallon La Tronche France
| | - Fabienne Marcaillou
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Plantevin
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CH Mâcon Mâcon France
| | - Yves‐Marie Pluchon
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHD Vendée La Roche sur Yon France
| | - Bruno Rioult
- Unité douleur, Le Confluent, Catherine de Sienne Center Nantes France
| | | | - Eric Salvat
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital de Hautepierre Strasbourg France
| | | | - Marc Sorel
- Centre de la Douleur, CH Nemours Nemours France
| | | | - Véronique Morel
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique/CIC Inserm 1405 France
| | - Ingrid Chazeron
- Service de Psychiatrie B, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique/CIC Inserm 1405 France
- Inserm, CIC 1405 UMR Neurodol 1407 Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Clermont Université, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de médecine Clermont‐Ferrand France
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2
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Prevost V, Clarisse B, Heutte N, Leconte A, Bisson C, Bignon R, Cauchin S, Feuillet M, Gehanne S, Gicquère M, Grach MC, Guillaumé C, Le Gal C, Le Garrec J, Lecaer F, Lepleux I, Millet AL, Ropartz MC, Roux N, Hieng VS, Van Delook C, Le Chevalier A, Delorme C. Therapeutic Patient Education in Cancer Pain Management: from Practice to Research: Proposals and Strategy of the French EFFADOL Program. J Cancer Educ 2018; 33:1355-1361. [PMID: 28804809 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of cancer pain, therapeutic patient education (TPE) allows patients to develop skills to better manage their pain. In the Lower Normandy region of France, the management of pain is based on networking, thus allowing proximity and accessibility for all concerned. We have thus designed and initiated a broad five-stage research program that includes the following: (1) training for caregivers in TPE; (2) identifying the educational expectations of patients and their relatives with regard to cancer pain; (3) the design of a TPE program; (4) the evaluation of its quality; and (5) the evaluation of its effectiveness by comparative randomization. This article presents this approach and more particularly the research phases (stages 2, 4, 5) for which the objectives, the methodology, and the expected results are justified. Among the key points, particular attention is paid to the evaluation of the educational dimension that provides patients with self-efficacy to participate actively in the management of their pain, their perception of changes in relation to it and its impact. The choice of a specific assessment criterion (subscale 9 of the Brief Pain Inventory) and of the step-wedge design are thus argued. This approach, which is based on a partnership between health care professionals and researchers, aims to demonstrate the benefits provided by TPE to patients in order to enable them to better manage their pain on a daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prevost
- UMR 1086 INSERM « ANTICIPE » and University of Normandy, Caen, France.
- François Baclesse Regional Cancer Center, Caen, France.
- UMR 1086 INSERM « ANTICIPE », Centre Francois Baclesse, Av. du Général Harris, 14076, Caen, Cedex 05, France.
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- François Baclesse Regional Cancer Center, Caen, France
- UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA 3832, University of Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | | | - Cécile Bisson
- Bayeux Hospital, Bayeux, France
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
| | - Rachel Bignon
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Lisieux Hospital, Lisieux, France
| | - Sonia Cauchin
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Alençon-Mamers Intercommunal Hospital, Alençon, France
| | - Maryline Feuillet
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Saint-Lô Hospital, Saint-Lô, France
| | - Sylvie Gehanne
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Saint-Lô Hospital, Saint-Lô, France
| | - Maud Gicquère
- François Baclesse Regional Cancer Center, Caen, France
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Grach
- François Baclesse Regional Cancer Center, Caen, France
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
| | - Cyril Guillaumé
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Christine Le Gal
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Argentan Hospital, Argentan, France
| | - Joelle Le Garrec
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Alençon-Mamers Intercommunal Hospital, Alençon, France
| | - Franck Lecaer
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Flers Hospital, Flers, France
| | - Isabelle Lepleux
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Cherbourg Hospital, Cherbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Millet
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Flers Hospital, Flers, France
| | - Marie-Claude Ropartz
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Avranches-Granville Hospital, Granville, France
| | - Nathalie Roux
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Virith Sep Hieng
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Lisieux Hospital, Lisieux, France
| | - Carole Van Delook
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Argentan Hospital, Argentan, France
| | - Aline Le Chevalier
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
- Avranches-Granville Hospital, Granville, France
| | - Claire Delorme
- Bayeux Hospital, Bayeux, France
- Regional Pain Network for Lower Normandy, Bayeux, France
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3
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Prevost V, Clarisse B, Heutte N, Leconte A, Bisson C, Bignon R, Cauchin S, Feuillet M, Gehanne S, Gicquère M, Grach MC, Guillaumé C, Le Gal C, Le Garrec J, Lecaer F, Lepleux I, Millet AL, Ropartz MC, Roux N, Sep Hieng V, Van Delook C, Bechet C, Le Chevalier A, Delorme C. [Elaboration and evaluation of a therapeutic education program in cancer pain management]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:1074-1083. [PMID: 30327192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pain, one of the most feared symptoms for patients with cancer, remains insufficiently alleviated and impairs quality of life. Therapeutic patient education (TPE) is a relevant approach to this problem while allowing patients to develop skills to better manage their pain. In the "Basse-Normandie" French region, the management of pain relies on two organized networks, thus allowing proximity and accessibility for all concerned. In this context, our team has begun a broad five-step research program that is part of a regional health policy: (1) training in TPE of 10 doctor/nurse pairs; (2) identification of educational expectations of patients and their relatives in the field of cancer pain; (3) design and optimization of a TPE program dedicated to cancer pain; (4) regional pilot study aiming to assess the feasibility, quality and transferability of the program; (5) evaluation of the TPE program by interventional comparative randomization at the national level. This article aims to present the program which originality and strengths are based on collaborative work between health stakeholders. Objectives, methodology and expected results of the research phase (stages 2, 4, 5) are notably developed. The main expected outcomes are to prove the effectiveness of the program in improving the knowledge and skills of patients in the field of pain cancer in order to promote their adherence to treatment and, consequently, to enable them to better manage it. The long-term objective is to disseminate the educational approach by modifying practices that provide a mutual benefit for caregivers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prevost
- Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 1086 Inserm, unité de recherche interdisciplinaire pour la prévention et le traitement des cancers « ANTICIPE », 14000 Caen, France; Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Bénédicte Clarisse
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Natacha Heutte
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; Normandie université, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA 3832, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Alexandra Leconte
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Cécile Bisson
- Centre hospitalier, 14400 Bayeux, France; Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France
| | - Rachel Bignon
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 14100 Lisieux, France
| | - Sonia Cauchin
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier intercommunal Alençon-Mamers, 61000 Alençon, France
| | - Maryline Feuillet
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 50000 Saint-Lô, France
| | - Sylvie Gehanne
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 50000 Saint-Lô, France
| | - Maud Gicquère
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Grach
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France; Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France
| | - Cyril Guillaumé
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Christine Le Gal
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 61200 Argentan, France
| | - Joelle Le Garrec
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier intercommunal Alençon-Mamers, 61000 Alençon, France
| | - Franck Lecaer
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 61100 Flers, France
| | - Isabelle Lepleux
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 50100 Cherbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Millet
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 61100 Flers, France
| | - Marie-Claude Ropartz
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 50400 Avranches-Granville, France
| | - Nathalie Roux
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Virith Sep Hieng
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 14100 Lisieux, France
| | - Carole Van Delook
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 61200 Argentan, France
| | | | - Aline Le Chevalier
- Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France; Centre hospitalier, 50400 Avranches-Granville, France
| | - Claire Delorme
- Centre hospitalier, 14400 Bayeux, France; Réseau régional douleur en Basse-Normandie, 14400 Bayeux, France
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4
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Kerckhove N, Pereira B, Soriot-Thomas S, Alchaar H, Deleens R, Hieng VS, Serra E, Lanteri-Minet M, Arcagni P, Picard P, Lefebvre-Kuntz D, Maindet C, Mick G, Balp L, Lucas C, Creach C, Letellier M, Martinez V, Navez M, Delbrouck D, Kuhn E, Piquet E, Bozzolo E, Brosse C, Lietar B, Marcaillou F, Hamdani A, Leroux-Bromberg N, Perier Y, Vergne-Salle P, Gov C, Delage N, Gillet D, Romettino S, Richard D, Mallet C, Bernard L, Lambert C, Dubray C, Duale C, Eschalier A. Efficacy and safety of a T-type calcium channel blocker in patients with neuropathic pain: A proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind and controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:1321-1330. [PMID: 29577519 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-type calcium channels have been shown to play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain and represent a promising therapeutic target for new analgesic treatments. Ethosuximide (ETX), an anticonvulsant and a T-type channel blocker has shown analgesic effect in several chronic pain models but has not yet been evaluated in patients with neuropathic pain. METHODS This proof-of-concept, multicentre, double-blind, controlled and randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of ETX (given as add-on therapy) to an inactive control (IC) in 114 patients with non-diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. After a 7-day run-in period, eligible patients aged over 18 years were randomly assigned (1:1) to ETX or IC for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference between groups in the pain intensity (% of change from the baseline to end of treatment) assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with EudraCT (2013-004801-26) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02100046). RESULTS The study was stopped during the interim analysis due to the high number of adverse events in the active treatment group. ETX failed to reduce total pain and showed a poor tolerance in comparison to IC. In the per-protocol analysis, ETX significantly reduced pain intensity by 15.6% (95% CI -25.8; -5.4) from baseline compared to IC (-7.8%, 95% CI -14.3; -1.3; p = 0.033), but this result must be interpreted with caution because of a small subgroup of patients. CONCLUSION Ethosuximide did not reduce the severity of neuropathic pain and induces, at the doses used, many adverse events. SIGNIFICANCE This article shows that ETX is not effective to treat neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, per-protocol analysis suggests a possible analgesic effect of ETX. Thus, our work adds significant knowledge to preclinical and clinical data on the benefits of T-type calcium channel inhibition for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kerckhove
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Pereira
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - H Alchaar
- Université Nice Côte-d'Azur, CHU Nice - Hôpital de Cimiez, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INOVPAIN, CETD, Nice, France
| | | | | | - E Serra
- CHU Amiens Picardie, CETD, CRC, Amiens, France
| | - M Lanteri-Minet
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Nice Côte-d'Azur, CHU Nice - Hôpital de Cimiez, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INOVPAIN, CETD, Nice, France
| | - P Arcagni
- CHU Saint-Etienne, CETD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P Picard
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - C Maindet
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, CETD, Grenoble, France
| | - G Mick
- CH Voiron, UETD, Voiron, France
| | - L Balp
- CH Lons-le-Saunier, CETD, Lons-le-Saunier, France
| | - C Lucas
- Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU Lille, CETD, Lille, France
| | - C Creach
- CHU Saint-Etienne, CETD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - V Martinez
- AP-HP - Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, CETD, Paris, France
| | - M Navez
- CHU Saint-Etienne, CETD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - E Kuhn
- CHU Nantes, CETD, Nantes, France
| | - E Piquet
- Université Nice Côte-d'Azur, CHU Nice - Hôpital de Cimiez, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INOVPAIN, CETD, Nice, France
| | - E Bozzolo
- Université Nice Côte-d'Azur, CHU Nice - Hôpital de Cimiez, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INOVPAIN, CETD, Nice, France
| | - C Brosse
- CHU Saint-Etienne, CETD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - B Lietar
- CHU Saint-Etienne, CETD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F Marcaillou
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Hamdani
- Cancer Centre Oscar-Lambret, Lille, France
| | | | - Y Perier
- CH Avranches, CETD, Avranches, France
| | | | - C Gov
- HCL - Hôpital Neurologique, CETD, Lyon, France
| | - N Delage
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - S Romettino
- Université Nice Côte-d'Azur, CHU Nice - Hôpital de Cimiez, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INOVPAIN, CETD, Nice, France
| | - D Richard
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Mallet
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Bernard
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Dubray
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Duale
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Eschalier
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CETD, CIC, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Service de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM - NEURO-DOL, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Analgesia Institute, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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