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Aziz F, Reddy K, Fernandez Vega V, Dey R, Hicks KA, Rao S, Jordan LO, Smith E, Shumate J, Scampavia L, Carpino N, Spicer TP, French JB. Rebamipide and Derivatives are Potent, Selective Inhibitors of Histidine Phosphatase Activity of the Suppressor of T Cell Receptor Signaling Proteins. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1949-1960. [PMID: 38252624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The suppressor of T cell receptor signaling (Sts) proteins are negative regulators of immune signaling. Genetic inactivation of these proteins leads to significant resistance to infection. From a 590,000 compound high-throughput screen, we identified the 2-(1H)-quinolinone derivative, rebamipide, as a putative inhibitor of Sts phosphatase activity. Rebamipide, and a small library of derivatives, are competitive, selective inhibitors of Sts-1 with IC50 values from low to submicromolar. SAR analysis indicates that the quinolinone, the acid, and the amide moieties are all essential for activity. A crystal structure confirmed the SAR and reveals key interactions between this class of compound and the protein. Although rebamipide has poor cell permeability, we demonstrated that a liposomal preparation can inactivate the phosphatase activity of Sts-1 in cells. These studies demonstrate that Sts-1 enzyme activity can be pharmacologically inactivated and provide foundational tools and insights for the development of immune-enhancing therapies that target the Sts proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Aziz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Kanamata Reddy
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Virneliz Fernandez Vega
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Raja Dey
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Katherine A Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, United States
| | - Sumitha Rao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Luis Ortiz Jordan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Emery Smith
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Justin Shumate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Louis Scampavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Nicholas Carpino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jarrod B French
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
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Amundsen SK, Spicer T, Karabulut AC, Londoño LM, Eberhart C, Fernandez Vega V, Bannister TD, Hodder P, Smith GR. Small-molecule inhibitors of bacterial AddAB and RecBCD helicase-nuclease DNA repair enzymes. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:879-91. [PMID: 22443934 DOI: 10.1021/cb300018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The AddAB and RecBCD helicase-nucleases are related enzymes prevalent among bacteria but not eukaryotes and are instrumental in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and in genetic recombination. Although these enzymes have been extensively studied both genetically and biochemically, inhibitors specific for this class of enzymes have not been reported. We developed a high-throughput screen based on the ability of phage T4 gene 2 mutants to grow in Escherichia coli only if the host RecBCD enzyme, or a related helicase-nuclease, is inhibited or genetically inactivated. We optimized this screen for use in 1536-well plates and screened 326,100 small molecules in the NIH molecular libraries sample collection for inhibitors of the Helicobacter pylori AddAB enzyme expressed in an E. coli recBCD deletion strain. Secondary screening used assays with cells expressing AddAB or RecBCD and a viability assay that measured the effect of compounds on cell growth without phage infection. From this screening campaign, 12 compounds exhibiting efficacy and selectivity were tested for inhibition of purified AddAB and RecBCD helicase and nuclease activities and in cell-based assays for recombination; seven were active in the 0.1-50 μM range in one or another assay. Compounds structurally related to two of these were similarly tested, and three were active in the 0.1-50 μM range. These compounds should be useful in further enzymatic, genetic, and physiological studies of these enzymes, both purified and in cells. They may also lead to useful antibacterial agents, since this class of enzymes is needed for successful bacterial infection of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Amundsen
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
98109, United States
| | - Timothy Spicer
- Scripps
Research Institute Molecular
Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ahmet C. Karabulut
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
98109, United States
| | - Luz Marina Londoño
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
98109, United States
| | - Christina Eberhart
- Scripps
Research Institute Molecular
Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Virneliz Fernandez Vega
- Scripps
Research Institute Molecular
Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Thomas D. Bannister
- Scripps Research Institute Department
of Chemistry, Translational Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peter Hodder
- Scripps
Research Institute Molecular
Screening Center, Lead Identification Division, Translational Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Gerald R. Smith
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
98109, United States
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Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Alvarez E, Vega VF, García-Rodeja E. Chemistry of soil solutions under different kinds of vegetation in the vicinity of a thermal power station. Environ Pollut 1998; 101:131-142. [PMID: 15093106 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1997] [Accepted: 12/01/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of atmospheric deposition on the chemical characteristics of soil solutions in a small catchment area in NW Spain was studied. The soils, developed from slates, were sampled from seven sites supporting different forms of vegetation (deciduous and pine forest and heath). Soil solutions were extracted, by the column displacement method, from soil samples collected monthly from March 1992 until November 1993. The solutions were acidic with a low content of basic cations. The most common ions in all horizons were Cl(-) and Na(+), due to marine influence. In the surface horizons (0-10 cm), relatively high concentrations of SO(2-)4 (150-380 micromol litre(-1)) and Zn (approximately 2 micromol litre(-1)) were obtained, with good correlation between the two ions. These results, along with the prevalence of inorganic forms of Al (50-90% of total Al), were related to the effects of acidic deposition in the catchment area. The more rapid breakdown of litter in the soils under deciduous forest explains the greater ionic concentrations obtained in these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Departmento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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