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Verma A, Mitra S, Khamaj A, Kant V, Asthana MK. Preventing fear return in humans: Music-based intervention during reactivation-extinction paradigm. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293880. [PMID: 38381711 PMCID: PMC10881010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In several research studies, the reactivation extinction paradigm did not effectively prevent the return of fear if administered without any intervention technique. Therefore, in this study, the authors hypothesized that playing music (high valence, low arousal) during the reconsolidation window may be a viable intervention technique for eliminating fear-related responses. A three-day auditory differential fear conditioning paradigm was used to establish fear conditioning. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups, i.e., one control group, standard extinction (SE), and two experimental groups, reactivation extinction Group (RE) and music reactivation extinction (MRE), of twenty participants in each group. Day 1 included the habituation and fear acquisition phases; on Day 2 (after 24 hours), the intervention was conducted, and re-extinction took place on Day 3. Skin conductance responses were used as the primary outcome measure. Results indicated that the MRE group was more effective in reducing fear response than the RE and SE groups in the re-extinction phase. Furthermore, there was no significant difference observed between SE and RE groups. This is the first study known to demonstrate the effectiveness of music intervention in preventing the return of fear in a healthy individual. Therefore, it might also be employed as an intervention strategy (non-pharmacological approach) for military veterans, in emotion regulation, those diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, and those suffering from specific phobias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Verma
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sharmili Mitra
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Kant
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Kant V. 'The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak?': systemic unknown-knowns for ergonomics in India. Ergonomics 2023; 66:1382-1397. [PMID: 36398701 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2149851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the worldwide ergonomics community increases its sophistication in solving global problems, specific systemic challenges still plague Indians in urban mega-cities such as Mumbai. This paper aims to highlight the gaps using the knowns-unknowns framework, which exists in the Indian ergonomics community's capability to address such systemic challenges. Within this framework, the epistemological category of 'unknown-knowns' is explicated further using a case study of urban accidental deaths and injuries in Mumbai, India. These systemic casualties are essential to note because they are not only hidden from public awareness but can be avoided by proper ergonomics interventions. The article concludes with four main directions for the Indian ergonomics community in solving systemic problems in terms of, (a) capacity-building, (b) advocacy; (c) developing all realms of ergonomics with particular emphasis on complex systems; (d) developing India-centric pathways for ergonomics as a discipline. Practitioner's summary: This paper aims to highlight gaps in the academic Indian ergonomics community's capacity to solve public systemic problems. An India-centric way forward for awareness, engagement, and academic capacity building is suggested to develop a comprehensive national ergonomics mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kant
- Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems Studios, IDC School of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, India
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Kerr E, Kant V. Clarifying the nature of failure in sociotechnical systems: ambiguity-based failure and expectation-based failure. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2022.2144961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kerr
- Asia Research Institute and Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivek Kant
- IDC School of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gupta V, Kant V, Sharma A, Sharma M. Comparative evaluation of antibacterial potentials of nano cobalt oxide with standard antimicrobials. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kant V. Muddling between science and engineering: an epistemic strategy for developing human factors and ergonomics as a hybrid discipline. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2017.1414334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kant
- Symbiosis Institute of Design, Pune, India
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Kant V, Sahoo G, Kumar M, Dikhit M, Sinha S, Das P. Designing of Peptide and Non-Peptide Inhibitors against Leishmania Cysteine-Synthase (Ld-OASS). Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Kant V. The sociotechnical constitution of cognitive work analysis: roles, affordances and malfunctions. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2017.1311384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kant
- Division of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore
- Institute of Catastrophe Research Management, NTU, Singapore
- Future Resilient Systems, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore
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Amir S, Kant V. Sociotechnical Resilience: A Preliminary Concept. Risk Anal 2018; 38:8-16. [PMID: 28403530 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the concept of sociotechnical resilience by employing an interdisciplinary perspective derived from the fields of science and technology studies, human factors, safety science, organizational studies, and systems engineering. Highlighting the hybrid nature of sociotechnical systems, we identify three main constituents that characterize sociotechnical resilience: informational relations, sociomaterial structures, and anticipatory practices. Further, we frame sociotechnical resilience as undergirded by the notion of transformability with an emphasis on intentional activities, focusing on the ability of sociotechnical systems to shift from one form to another in the aftermath of shock and disturbance. We propose that the triad of relations, structures, and practices are fundamental aspects required to comprehend the resilience of sociotechnical systems during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulfikar Amir
- Division of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Future Resilient Systems (FRS), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore
| | - Vivek Kant
- Division of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Future Resilient Systems (FRS), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore
- Institute of Catastrophe Risk Management, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Kant V. Supporting the human life-raft in confronting the juggernaut of technology: Jens Rasmussen, 1961-1986. Appl Ergon 2017; 59:570-580. [PMID: 26867818 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Jens Rasmussen's contribution to the field of human factors and ergonomics has had a lasting impact. Six prominent interrelated themes can be extracted from his research between 1961 and 1986. These themes form the basis of an engineering epistemology which is best manifested by his abstraction hierarchy. Further, Rasmussen reformulated technical reliability using systems language to enable a proper human-machine fit. To understand the concept of human-machine fit, he included the operator as a central component in the system to enhance system safety. This change resulted in the application of a qualitative and categorical approach for human-machine interaction design. Finally, Rasmussen's insistence on a working philosophy of systems design as being a joint responsibility of operators and designers provided the basis for averting errors and ensuring safe and correct system functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kant
- Advanced Interface Design Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada.
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Kant V. Extending Cognitive Work Analysis for embodiment: ecological psychology, activity theory and Worker Competency Analysis. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2016.1243740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kant
- Institute of Catastrophe Research Management, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Division of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Future Resilient Systems, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore
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Abstract
Musicians sway expressively as they play in ways that seem clearly related to the music, but quantifying the relationship has been difficult. We suggest that a complex systems framework and its accompanying tools for analyzing non-linear dynamical systems can help identify the motor synergies involved. Synergies are temporary assemblies of parts that come together to accomplish specific goals. We assume that the goal of the performer is to convey musical structure and expression to the audience and to other performers. We provide examples of how dynamical systems tools, such as recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), can be used to examine performers' movements and relate them to the musical structure and to the musician's expressive intentions. We show how detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) can be used to identify synergies and discover how they are affected by the performer's expressive intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Demos
- Music Performance Lab, Department of Psychology, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
| | - Roger Chaffin
- Music Performance Lab, Department of Psychology, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
| | - Vivek Kant
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON, Canada
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Isenhower RW, Kant V, Frank TD, Pinto CMA, Carello C, Turvey MT. Equivalence of human odometry by walk and run is indifferent to self-selected speed. J Mot Behav 2012; 44:47-52. [PMID: 22269023 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2011.642026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other animals can measure distances nonvisually by legged locomotion. Experiments typically employ an outbound measure (M) and an inbound report (R) phase. Previous research has found distance reproduction to be maximally accurate, when gait symmetry and speed of M and R are of like kind: Successful human odometry manifests at the level of the M-R system. In the present work, M was an experimenter-set distance produced by a blindfolded participant using a primary gait (walk, run). R was always by walk. Fast and slow versions of walk and run were adopted by participants, such that when M was fast R was slow, and vice versa. Distance was underestimated when M was slower than R and overestimated when M was faster than R. However, the pattern of participant-adopted velocities indicated that it was the instructions, not the speed as such, that yielded the pattern of results. The results are interpretable through a dynamical perspective and indicate speed is an imperfection parameter acting on the attractors of the M-R system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Isenhower
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
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Kusum, Raina R, Verma PK, Pankaj NK, Kant V, Kumar J, Srivastava AK. Haematolohical profile of subacute oral toxicity of molybdenum and ameliorative efficacy of copper salt in goats. Toxicol Int 2010; 17:82-5. [PMID: 21170251 PMCID: PMC2997461 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.72676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum toxicity produces a state of secondary hypocuprosis, resulting into alterations in normal hematological profile. In the present study, ammonium molybdate alone and with copper sulfate (II) pentahydrate (ameliorative agent) was administered orally for 30 consecutive days in healthy goats of group 1 and 2, respectively, to access the effect on the hematological profile on different predetermined days of dosing. Administration of ammonium molybdate alone produced significant decline in the mean values of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), with a significant increase in neutrophil level and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). However, values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and differential leukocyte count were not significantly altered. On comparing observations of ameliorative group with the group 1 goats, it is concluded that the ameliorative copper salt has beneficial effects in alleviating the alterations in the values of Hb, PCV, TLC, TEC, MCV, MCHC, and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R. Raina
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - P. K. Verma
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N. K. Pankaj
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - V. Kant
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - J. Kumar
- Divisions of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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