Lim SC, Liying DQ, Toy WC, Wong M, Yeoh LY, Tan C, Lau D, Tan C, Subramaniam T, Sum CF. Adipocytokine zinc α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) as a novel urinary biomarker for normo-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
Diabet Med 2012;
29:945-9. [PMID:
22211921 DOI:
10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03564.x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
A substantial proportion of diabetic nephropathy individuals are non-albuminuric. Using a proteomic approach, we searched for novel urinary biomarkers.
METHODS
We studied three groups (n = 6 per group) of males with Type 2 diabetes: (1) normal renal function; (2) classical diabetic nephropathy (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio > 1000 mg/g and glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m(2) ) and (3) non-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy (glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min.1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g). We used two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry peptide identification and western blot validation in the study.
RESULTS
Sixty protein spots were differentially abundant between the non-albuminuric and macro-albuminuric subjects (> 2.5-fold, P < 0.05). In the non-albuminuric subjects, in addition to previously reported α(1) -microglobulin, the next most interesting spot (upregulated 3.44-fold, P = 0.0026) was human zinc-α(2) -glycoprotein, a novel adipose-cytokine associated with glomerular injury. This was confirmed by western blot and replicated in female diabetic nephropathy subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
From our preliminary results, human zinc-α(2) -glycoprotein may be a novel urinary biomarker for non-albuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
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