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Ullah I, Hassan M, Khan KM, Sajid M, Umar M, Hassan S, Ullah A, El-Serehy HA, Charifi W, Yasmin H. Thiourea derivatives inhibit key diabetes-associated enzymes and advanced glycation end-product formation as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:161-180. [PMID: 36565478 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B, and advanced glycated end product (AGEs). A cytotoxicity analysis was performed using rat L6 myotubes and molecular docking analysis was performed to map the binding interactions between the active compounds and α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The data revealed the potency of five compounds, including E (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethyl phenyl) thiourea), AG (1-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-3-(3-methoxy phenyl) thiourea), AF (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), AD (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), and AH (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2-iodophenyl) thiourea), showed activity against α-amylase. The corresponding percentage inhibitions were found to be 85 ± 1.9, 82 ± 0.7, 75 ± 1.2, 72 ± 0.4, and 65 ± 1.1%, respectively. These compounds were then screened using in vitro assays. Among them, AH showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase, AGEs, and PTP1B, with percentage inhibitions of 86 ± 0.4% (IC50 = 47.9 μM), 85 ± 0.7% (IC50 = 49.51 μM), and 85 ± 0.5% (IC50 = 79.74 μM), respectively. Compound AH showed an increased glucose uptake at a concentration of 100 μM. Finally, an in vivo study was conducted using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and PTP1B expression was assessed using real-time PCR. Additionally, we examined the hypoglycemic effect of compound AH in diabetic rats compared to the standard drug glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Said Hassan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciecnes, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Cochin Institute, University of Paris, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gueddouri D, Caüzac M, Fauveau V, Benhamed F, Charifi W, Beaudoin L, Rouland M, Sicherre F, Lehuen A, Postic C, Boudry G, Burnol AF, Guilmeau S. Insulin resistance per se drives early and reversible dysbiosis-mediated gut barrier impairment and bactericidal dysfunction. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101438. [PMID: 35007789 PMCID: PMC8814824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A common feature of metabolic diseases is their association with chronic low-grade inflammation. While enhanced gut permeability and systemic bacterial endotoxin translocation have been suggested as key players of this metaflammation, the mechanistic bases underlying these features upon the diabesity cascade remain partly understood. Methods Here, we show in mice that, independently of obesity, the induction of acute and global insulin resistance and associated hyperglycemia, upon treatment with an insulin receptor (IR) antagonist (S961), elicits gut hyperpermeability without triggering systemic inflammatory response. Results Of note, S961-treated diabetic mice display major defects of gut barrier epithelial functions, such as increased epithelial paracellular permeability and impaired cell-cell junction integrity. We also observed in these mice the early onset of a severe gut dysbiosis, as characterized by the bloom of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria, and the later collapse of Paneth cells antimicrobial defense. Interestingly, S961 treatment discontinuation is sufficient to promptly restore both the gut microbial balance and the intestinal barrier integrity. Moreover, fecal transplant approaches further confirm that S961-mediated dybiosis contributes at least partly to the disruption of the gut selective epithelial permeability upon diabetic states. Conclusions Together, our results highlight that insulin signaling is an indispensable gatekeeper of intestinal barrier integrity, acting as a safeguard against microbial imbalance and acute infections by enteropathogens. S961-mediated insulin resistance elicits reversible gut leakiness in lean mice. Diabetic leaky gut is associated with reduced Paneth cells antimicrobial defenses. S961 treatment triggers early onset of pro-inflammatory gut microbial imbalance. S961-associated dysbiosis contributes to intestinal barrier integrity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalale Gueddouri
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Caüzac
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fauveau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Beaudoin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Rouland
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Florian Sicherre
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, F35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F75014, Paris, France.
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Olivier S, Pochard C, Diounou H, Castillo V, Divoux J, Alcantara J, Leclerc J, Guilmeau S, Huet C, Charifi W, Varin TV, Daniel N, Foretz M, Neunlist M, Salomon BL, Ghosh P, Marette A, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Viollet B. Deletion of intestinal epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase alters distal colon permeability but not glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101183. [PMID: 33548500 PMCID: PMC7921883 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) restricts the passage of microbes and potentially harmful substances from the lumen through the paracellular space, and rupture of its integrity is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and extra-digestive diseases. Increased IEB permeability has been linked to disruption of metabolic homeostasis leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, recent studies have uncovered compelling evidence that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining epithelial cell barrier function. However, our understanding of the function of intestinal AMPK in regulating IEB and glucose homeostasis remains sparse. Methods We generated mice lacking the two α1 and α2 AMPK catalytic subunits specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC AMPK KO) and determined the physiological consequences of intestinal-specific deletion of AMPK in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We combined histological, functional, and integrative analyses to ascertain the effects of gut AMPK loss on intestinal permeability in vivo and ex vivo and on the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We also determined the impact of intestinal AMPK deletion in an inducible mouse model (i-IEC AMPK KO) by measuring IEB function, glucose homeostasis, and the composition of gut microbiota via fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. Results While there were no differences in in vivo intestinal permeability in WT and IEC AMPK KO mice, ex vivo transcellular and paracellular permeability measured in Ussing chambers was significantly increased in the distal colon of IEC AMPK KO mice. This was associated with a reduction in pSer425 GIV phosphorylation, a marker of leaky gut barrier. However, the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lamina propria were not different between genotypes. Although the HFD-fed AMPK KO mice displayed suppression of the stress polarity signaling pathway and a concomitant increase in colon permeability, loss of intestinal AMPK did not exacerbate body weight gain or adiposity. Deletion of AMPK was also not sufficient to alter glucose homeostasis or the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin in control diet (CD)- or HFD-fed mice. CD-fed i-IEC AMPK KO mice also presented higher permeability in the distal colon under homeostatic conditions but, surprisingly, this was not detected upon HFD feeding. Alteration in epithelial barrier function in the i-IEC AMPK KO mice was associated with a shift in the gut microbiota composition with higher levels of Clostridiales and Desulfovibrionales. Conclusions Altogether, our results revealed a significant role of intestinal AMPK in maintaining IEB integrity in the distal colon but not in regulating glucose homeostasis. Our data also highlight the complex interaction between gut microbiota and host AMPK. Deletion of intestinal AMPKα1 and α2 suppresses the stress-polarity signaling (SPS) pathway. Loss of the SPS pathway is associated with increased paracellular permeability in the distal colon. Intestinal AMPK is dispensable for the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin. Loss of intestinal AMPK alters the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Pochard
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hanna Diounou
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jordane Divoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Joshua Alcantara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Huet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - André Marette
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France.
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