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Azmy EM, Hagras M, Ewida MA, Doghish AS, Gamil Khidr E, El-Husseiny AA, Gomaa MH, Refaat HM, Ismail NSM, Nassar IF, Lashin WH. Development of pyrolo[2,3-c]pyrazole, pyrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and their bioisosteres as novel CDK2 inhibitors with potent in vitro apoptotic anti-proliferative activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics investigations. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106729. [PMID: 37467621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting the CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme has been validated in multiple clinical manifestations related to multiple types of cancer. Herein, novel series of pyrolo[2,3-c]pyrazole, pyrolo[2,3-c]isoaxazole and pyrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, pyrolo[3,2-c]pyridine & indole based analogs were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity where the obtained results revealed that most of the newly synthesized compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 (breast cancer cell lines) and HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) with IC50 ranging from 3.20 µM to 10.05 µM & from 2.18 µM to 13.49 µM, respectively, compared to that of Sorafenib (IC50 9.76 & 13.19 µM, respectively). The in vitro inhibitory profile of the most promising compounds (9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 20) towards CDK2/CyclinA2 was evaluated. Compounds 14 & 15 exhibited potent inhibitory profile against CDK2 with (IC50 0.11 and 0.262 µM, respectively comparable to Sorafenib IC50 0.184 µM. Western blotting of 14 & 15 at MCF-7 cell line confirmed the diminishing activity on CDK2. Furthermore, both compounds exserted a significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the normal cell line cytotoxicity for both compounds revealed low cytotoxic results in normal cells rather than cancer cells. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation validated the potentiality of the newly synthesized compounds to have high binding affinity within CDK2 binding pocket. 3DQSAR pharmacophore, in-silico ADME/TOPKAT studies and drug-likeness showed proper pharmacokinetic properties and helped in structure requirements prediction. The obtained model and pattern of substitution could be used for further development of CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Azmy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna A Ewida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H Gomaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Refaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, 365 Ramsis Street, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Lashin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
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Azmy EM, Nassar IF, Hagras M, Fawzy IM, Hegazy M, Mokhtar MM, Yehia AM, Ismail NS, Lashin WH. New indole derivatives as multitarget anti-Alzheimer's agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:473-495. [PMID: 37125532 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that causes brain cells to shrink and die. Aim: Thirteen novel 'oxathiolanyl', 'pyrazolyl' and 'pyrimidinyl' indole derivatives were designed and synthesized as anti-Alzheimer's disease treatment. Method: In vitro enzyme assay was performed against both AChE and BChE enzymes. In addition, antioxidant assay and cytotoxicity on a normal cell line were determined. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were conducted to confirm the binding mode in both esterases' active sites. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies were also carried out. Results & conclusion: Compounds 5, 7 and 11 exhibited superior inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 0.042 and 3.003 μM, 2.54 and 0.207 μM and 0.052 and 2.529 μM, respectively, compared with donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Azmy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11457, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, 365 Ramsis Street, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Iten M Fawzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser Sm Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Lashin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11457, Egypt
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