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Umachandran S, Mohamed W, Jayaraman M, Hyde G, Brazill D, Baskar R. A PKC that controls polyphosphate levels, pinocytosis and exocytosis, regulates stationary phase onset in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274945. [PMID: 35362518 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cells can pause their growth cycle, a topic much enriched by studies of the stationary phase (SP) of model microorganisms. While several kinases are implicated in SP onset, a possible role for protein kinase C remains unknown. We show that Dictyostelium discoideum cells lacking pkcA entered SP at a reduced cell density, but only in shaking conditions. Precocious SP entry occurs because extracellular polyphosphate (polyP) levels reach a threshold at the lower cell density; adding exopolyphosphatase to pkcA- cells reverses the effect and mimics wild type growth. PkcA's regulation of polyP depended on inositol hexakisphosphate kinase and phospholipase D. PkcA- mutants also had higher actin levels, higher rates of exocytosis and lower pinocytosis rates. Postlysosomes were smaller and present in fewer pkcA- cells, compared to the wildtype. Overall, the results suggest that a reduced PkcA level triggers SP primarily because cells do not acquire or retain nutrients as efficiently, thus mimicking, or amplifying, the conditions of actual starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Umachandran
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Wasima Mohamed
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Meenakshi Jayaraman
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Geoff Hyde
- Independent Researcher, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Derrick Brazill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Baskar
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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Mekki S, Mohamed W, Omar S, Gad N. Caloric test versus video head impulse test in vestibular neuritis patients. Hearing, Balance and Communication 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2020.1727237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mekki
- Audiovestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - W. Mohamed
- Audiovestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - S. Omar
- Audiovestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - N. Gad
- Audiovestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed W, Hirji S, Mohamed M, Percy E, Braidley P, Chung J, Aranki S, Mamas M. Incidence and predictors of postoperative ischaemic stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting in the United States. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Postoperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a catastrophic complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). There is limited data on the incidence and outcomes of AIS complicating CABG in the contemporary era, and whether these have changed over the years.
Purpose
To study the incidence and outcomes of postoperative AIS in a nationally representative cohort of CABG procedures over a 12-year period and examine predictors of AIS in patients undergoing CABG.
Methods
The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify all adult patients (>18 years old) who underwent CABG in the United States between January 2004 and September 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between postoperative AIS and in-hospital mortality and identify predictors of AIS after CABG, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
A total of 2,569,597 CABG operations were analysed. The incidence of postoperative AIS was 1.8% (n=47,279) in the overall cohort increasing from 1.2% in 2004 to 2.3% in 2015 (p<0.001). Significantly higher rates of AIS were observed amongst patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and those undergoing non-elective or concomitant valve operations over the study period (see Figure). Patient risk profiles increased over time in both AIS and no-AIS cohorts, with higher Charlson comorbidity scores observed amongst AIS patients. AIS was independently associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.93, 3.13) and prolonged hospital stay (∼6 more days) and a higher hospitalisation cost (∼$80,000 more) (p<0.001 for all). Several factors were predictors of AIS including age>60 years (61–70 years: OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.29, 1.37; 71–80 years: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.44, 1.54; >80 years: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.37, 1.48), female sex (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.31, 1.36) and AF (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.12, 1.16) (p<0.001 for all). In contrast, on-pump CABG was not an independent predictor of stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94, 1.09) (p=0.784).
Conclusion
In this nationally representative study, we have shown that the rates of postoperative stroke following CABG have increased over time in line with complexity of patient risk profiles. The present findings emphasise the need for further work on strategies to reduce the risk of postoperative stroke after CABG.
Trends of postoperative AIS (2004-2015)
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mohamed
- Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S Hirji
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Mohamed
- Keele University, Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - E Percy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston, United States of America
| | - P Braidley
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J Chung
- Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Loma Linda, United States of America
| | - S Aranki
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston, United States of America
| | - M.A Mamas
- Keele University, Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele, United Kingdom
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Heidet F, Grandy C, Sumner T, Belch H, Brunett A, Hill R, Hoffman E, Jin E, Mohamed W, Moisseytsev A, Passerini S, Sienicki J, Vilim R, Hayes S. FASt TEst Reactor (FASTER) design overview. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Leptidis I, Sivarajah V, Makker J, Mohamed W, Pandey V. Emergency Laparotomy – Discussing Mortality Risk with Patients. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shalini U, Mohamed W, Baskar R. Regulation of cell type specific expression of a putative protein kinase C (pkcA) in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Singh S, Mohamed W, Aguessy A, Dyett E, Shah S, Khan M, Baskar R, Brazill D. Functional interaction of PkcA and PldB regulate aggregation and development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Signal 2017; 34:47-54. [PMID: 28257811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum involves tightly regulated signaling events controlling the entry into development, initiation of aggregation and chemotaxis, and cellular differentiation. Here we show that PkcA, a Dictyostelium discoideum Protein Kinase C-orthologue, is involved in quorum sensing and the initiation of development, as well as cAMP sensing during chemotaxis. Additionally, by epistasis analysis we provide evidence that PkcA and PldB (a Phospholipase D-orthologue) functionally interact to regulate aggregation, differentiation, and cell-cell adhesion during development. Finally, we show that PkcA acts as a positive regulator of intracellular PLD-activity during development. Taken together, our results suggest that PkcA act through PldB, by regulating PLD-activity, in order to control events during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wasima Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Annelie Aguessy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ella Dyett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shriraj Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammedasad Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Derrick Brazill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Mohamed W, Ray S, Brazill D, Baskar R. Absence of catalytic domain in a putative protein kinase C (PkcA) suppresses tip dominance in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev Biol 2015; 405:10-20. [PMID: 26183108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of organisms possess several isoforms of protein kinase C but little is known about the significance of any specific isoform during embryogenesis and development. To address this we characterized a PKC ortholog (PkcA; DDB_G0288147) in Dictyostelium discoideum. pkcA expression switches from prestalk in mound to prespore in slug, indicating a dynamic expression pattern. Mutants lacking the catalytic domain of PkcA (pkcA(-)) did not exhibit tip dominance. A striking phenotype of pkcA- was the formation of an aggregate with a central hollow, and aggregates later fragmented to form small mounds, each becoming a fruiting body. Optical density wave patterns of cAMP in the late aggregates showed several cAMP wave generation centers. We attribute these defects in pkcA(-) to impaired cAMP signaling, altered cell motility and decreased expression of the cell adhesion molecules - CadA and CsaA. pkcA(-) slugs showed ectopic expression of ecmA in the prespore region. Further, the use of a PKC-specific inhibitor, GF109203X that inhibits the activity of catalytic domain phenocopied pkcA(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasima Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sibnath Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational and Basic Research, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Derrick Brazill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational and Basic Research, Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Mohamed W, Sommer U, Sethi S, Domann E, Thormann U, Schütz I, Lips KS, Chakraborty T, Schnettler R, Alt V. Intracellular proliferation of S. aureus in osteoblasts and effects of rifampicin and gentamicin on S. aureus intracellular proliferation and survival. Eur Cell Mater 2014; 28:258-68. [PMID: 25340805 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v028a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically relevant pathogen regarding implant-associated bone infection and its capability to invade osteoblasts is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate firstly whether S. aureus is not only able to invade but also to proliferate within osteoblasts, secondly to delineate the mechanism of invasion and thirdly to clarify whether rifampicin or gentamicin can inhibit intracellular proliferation and survival of S. aureus. The SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cell line and human primary osteoblasts were infected with S. aureus EDCC5055 and S. aureus Rosenbach 1884. Both S. aureus strains were able to invade efficiently and to proliferate within human osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed intracellular invasion of S. aureus and transmission electron microscopy images could demonstrate bacterial division as a sign of intracellular proliferation as well as cytosolic bacterial persistence. Cytochalasin D, the major actin depolymerisation agent, was able to significantly reduce S. aureus invasion, suggesting that invasion was enabled by promoting actin rearrangement at the cell surface. 7.5 μg/mL of rifampicin was able to inhibit bacterial survival in SAOS-2 cells with almost complete elimination of bacteria after 4 h. Gentamicin could also kill intracellular S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner, an effect that was significantly lower than that observed using rifampicin. In conclusion, S. aureus is not only able to invade but also to proliferate in osteoblasts. Invasion seems to be associated with actin rearrangement at the cell surface. Rifampicin is effective in intracellular eradication of S. aureus whereas gentamicin only poorly eliminates intracellularly replicating bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mohamed
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35394 Giessen,
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Benhanifia M, Shimomura K, Tsuchiya I, Inui S, Kumazawa S, Mohamed W, Boukraa L, Sakharkar M, Benbarek H. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from some localities of Western Algeria. Acta Alimentaria 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mohamed W, Varade P, Norris GM. Teaching NeuroImages: "Subarachnoid hemorrhage" from decreased contrast elimination after therapeutic hypothermia. Neurology 2014; 82:e44-5. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Al Ameri M, Mohamed W, Makramalla E, Shalhoub B, Tucker A, Johnston A. Renal patients' views on generic prescribing and substitution: example from the United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J 2013. [DOI: 10.26719/2013.19.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Al Ameri MN, Mohamed W, Makramalla E, Shalhoub B, Tucker A, Johnston A. Renal patients' views on generic prescribing and substitution: example from the United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:373-381. [PMID: 23882964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This survey examined current patient awareness and understanding of generic substitution. We surveyed 188 renal patients using 36 multiple-choice questions in 2 hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. We found that 70% of patients were aware of the availability of generic medicines, 60% understood the terms "generic" and "branded" in relation to medicines and 64% were conscious of generic substitution practice. However, 32% did not know if they were taking generics and 31% felt that generics were not equivalent or only sometimes equivalent to branded medicines. Nearly half (47%) the patients stated they would refuse generic substitution of ciclosporin when it became available if this was just to save the health authority money. In our opinion, random generic substitution should not be implemented because there is still uncertainty and lack of knowledge among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Al Ameri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Mohamed W. 445 – Effects of early iron deficiency on catecholaminergic transporters in rat brain. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)75777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mohamed W, Majjhoo A, Chaturvedi S. Early Access to a Neurologist Reduces the Rate of Stroke Misdiagnosis in Young Adults (P07.046). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bernitsas E, Bao F, Shah M, Ramesh G, Mohamed W, Aronov R, Khan O. Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis and Relationship to Clinical Phenotype (P03.046). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mohamed W, Majjhoo A, Chaturvedi S. Early Access to a Neurologist Reduces the Rate of Stroke Misdiagnosis in Young Adults (IN2-1.009). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in2-1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mohamed W, Abd El-Azeim M, Telep A. IMPACTS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RISK OF PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN SURFACE AND GROUND WATERS. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 2010; 1:653-666. [DOI: 10.21608/jssae.2010.75150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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El-Sherbiny N, AbouZeid M, Mohamed W, Ellaithy M. USE OF ELECTRONIC PORTAL IMAGE DEVICE IN SOME QA TESTS. Kasr-Al-Aini J of Clin Onc and Nuc Med 2009. [DOI: 10.21608/resoncol.2009.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Franco PF, Mohamed W, Hodges N, Opperman L. Poster 13. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2004.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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