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Begemann MJH, Sommer IE, Brand RM, Oomen PP, Jongeneel A, Berkhout J, Molenaar RE, Wielage NN, Toh WL, Rossell SL, Bell IH. Auditory verbal hallucinations and childhood trauma subtypes across the psychosis continuum: a cluster analysis. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:150-168. [PMID: 33980128 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1925235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A strong link between voice-hearing experience and childhood trauma has been established. The aim of this study was to identify whether there were unique clusters of childhood trauma subtypes in a sample across the clinical spectrum of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and to examine clinical and phenomenological features across these clusters.Methods: Combining two independent international datasets (the Netherlands and Australia), childhood trauma subtypes were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical and phenomenological characteristics were compared across emerging clusters using MANOVA and chi-squared analyses.Results: The total sample (n = 413) included 166 clinical individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVH, 122 non-clinical individuals with AVH and 125 non-clinical individuals without AVH. Three clusters emerged: (1) low trauma (n = 299); (2) emotion-focused trauma (n = 71); (3) multi-trauma (n = 43). The three clusters differed significantly on their AVH ratings of amount of negative content, with trend-level effects for loudness, degree of negative content and degree of experienced distress. Furthermore, perceptions of voices being malevolent, benevolent and resistance towards voices differed significantly.Conclusion: The data revealed different types of childhood trauma had different relationships between clinical and phenomenological features of voice-hearing experiences. Thus, implicating different mechanistic pathways and a need for tailored treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J H Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M Brand
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - P P Oomen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Jongeneel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - J Berkhout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R E Molenaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - N N Wielage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Cognitive Neurosciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - W L Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - I H Bell
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Toh WL, Van Rheenen TE, Meyer D, Neill E, Sumner PJ, Rossell SL. Pet ownership and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:423-426. [PMID: 34164809 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owning a pet has often been associated with improved mental health among owners, including enhanced quality of life, and decreased levels of depression and loneliness. The aim of this study was to identify whether owning a cat and/or dog was associated with better psychological wellbeing during a strict lockdown period in Victoria, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed from a large-scale mental health study: the COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy (COLLATE). The impact of pet ownership on levels of resilience, loneliness and quality of life were examined in a sample of 138 pet owners and 125 non-pet owners. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that pet ownership was significantly associated with poorer quality of life, but not significantly associated with resilience or loneliness, after accounting for situational factors (e.g. job loss) and mood states. Contrary to expectations, the findings suggest that during a specific situation such as a pandemic, pets may contribute to increased burden among owners and contribute to poorer quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E J Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W L Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P J Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Toh WL, Tan EJ, Neill E, Van Rheenen TE, Gurvich C, Sumner PJ, Carruthers SP, Thomas EHX, Rossell SL. Identifying the cognitive underpinnings of voice-hearing by comparing never, past and current voice-hearers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:553-562. [PMID: 32144760 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to compare specific cognitive profiles corresponding to auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) status and elucidate which pattern of cognitive deficits may predict voice-hearing status. METHOD Clinical participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were partitioned into: (i) current voice-hearers (n = 46), (ii) past voice-hearers (n = 37) and (iii) never voice-hearers (n = 40), and compared with 319 non-clinical controls. Cognitive assessment employed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), supplemented by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Colour-Word Interference Test (Stroop) as a robust measure of executive function. RESULTS On the Visual Learning domain, current and past voice-hearers had significantly poorer performance relative to never voice-hearers, who in turn had significantly poorer performance than non-clinical controls. Current and never voice-hearers had significantly poorer performance on the Social Cognition domain relative to non-clinical controls. Current voice-hearers also had significantly poorer performance on the Inhibition domain relative to non-clinical controls. Binary logistic regression revealed that Visual Learning was the only significant cognitive predictor of AVH presence. CONCLUSION Visual learning, and potentially inhibition, may be viable therapeutic targets when addressing cognitive mechanisms associated with AVHs. Future research should focus on investigating additional cognitive mechanisms, employing diverse voice-hearing populations and embarking on related longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Toh
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - E J Tan
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - E Neill
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - T E Van Rheenen
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - C Gurvich
- Alfred Hospital & Central Clinical School, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P J Sumner
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S P Carruthers
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - E H X Thomas
- Alfred Hospital & Central Clinical School, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S L Rossell
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Nishimura T, Toh WL, Akiyoshi K. Synthesis and Characterization of Shell-Cross-Linked Glycopolymer Bilayer Vesicles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800384. [PMID: 30062786 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vesicles composed of self-assembled lipids or amphiphilic polymers have significant potential in applications such as delivery of cargo for therapeutics. However, they are fragile under physiological conditions such as inside living cells or the bloodstream, in which a vast number of other molecules are present in high concentrations. This is because vesicles are in dynamic equilibrium between unimers and vesicles. Therefore, the development of more robust vesicles by covalent cross-linking of the shell was focused on. Cross-linked polymer vesicles were prepared by the self-assembly of maltopentaose-b-poly(propylene glycol) followed by the reaction between divinyl sulfone and the hydroxyl group in a maltopentaose unit. It was found that two equivalents of DVS to the polymer is an optimal condition for the cross-linking without changing in size. The bilayer structures were retained after the cross-linking reactions. Importantly, the cross-linked polymer vesicles retained their size and polydispersity even in 50:50 v/v methanol/water solution. This work highlights the potential of the divinyl sulfone shell cross-link as a promising tool for stabilization of glycopolymer vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Toh
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan
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Buchanan BG, Rossell SL, Maller JJ, Toh WL, Brennan S, Castle DJ. Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:2513-2521. [PMID: 23473554 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA). METHOD A total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package. RESULTS Results showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Buchanan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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