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Cai P, Wang FD, Yao J, Wang WF, Hu YD, Liu RF, Li ZS, Zhu ZH, Cai YT, Lin ZH, Tang WT, Zhuang CW, Xiao WH, Zeng YH, Huang SN, Fu Z, Wang WX, Chen L. Regulation of wakefulness by GABAergic dorsal raphe nucleus-ventral tegmental area pathway. Sleep 2022; 45:6717880. [PMID: 36161495 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has previously been proved to be involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake behavior. DRN contains several neuron types, such as 5-HTergic and GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons, which are the second largest cell subtype in the DRN, participate in a variety of neurophysiological functions. However, their role in sleep-wake regulation and the underlying neural circuitry remains unclear. Herein, we used fiber photometry and synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyography (EMG) recording to demonstrate that DRN GABAergic neurons exhibit high activities during wakefulness and low activities during NREM sleep. Short-term optogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons reduced the latency of NREM-to-wake transition and increased the probability of wakefulness, while long-term optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased the amount of wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons increased wakefulness for almost 2 h and maintained long-lasting arousal. In addition, inhibition of DRN GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics caused a reduction in the amount of wakefulness. Finally, similar to the effects of activating the soma of DRN GABAergic neurons, optogenetic stimulation of their terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced instant arousal and promoted wakefulness. Taken together, our results illustrated that DRN GABAergic neurons are vital to the induction and maintenance of wakefulness, which promote wakefulness through the GABAergic DRN-VTA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Fu-Dan Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Feng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Duan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Ren-Fu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhang-Shu Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Tong Cai
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Tao Tang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Cong-Wen Zhuang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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Tang WT, Li SB, Li YJ, Tang ZP, Ma D. [Clinical observation of orthokeratology with increased compression factor in the treatment of myopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:907-913. [PMID: 36348527 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220203-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To discuss the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology with increased compression factor (ICF) in myopia correction in children. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. Data of the right eyes of myopic children who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College for orthokeratology were collected continuously from May 2016 to Dec 2018. All children had low myopia (<3.00 D) or moderate myopia (≥3.00 D), and were grouped using random numbers in Excel to receive orthokeratology with ICF or conventional compression factor (CCF). The axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity (NVA), Efron grade, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), tear film break-up time (BUT), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), accommodative amplitude (AA) and accommodative facility (AF) were compared between groups during the 1-year treatment period. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the categorical data, while the independent-sample t-test was performed to assess the measurement data. Results: After 1 year of treatment, there were no statistical differences in AL, SE, BCVA, NVA, Efron grade, CH, CRF, IOPcc, BUT, HOAs, AA and AF between the low myopia ICF group and the low myopia CCF group (all P>0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the AL increased by (0.05±0.03) mm in the moderate myopia ICF group and by (0.08±0.04) mm in the moderate myopia CCF group (t=-3.416, P=0.001). After 1 year of treatment, the AL increased by (0.12±0.04) mm in the moderate myopia ICF group and by, (0.16±0.05) mm in the moderate myopia CCF group (t=-4.017, P<0.001). The SE was (-0.16±0.40) D in the moderate myopia ICF group, significantly different from that in the moderate myopia CCF group [(-0.58±0.60) D; t=3.529, P=0.001]. There were also statistical differences in HOAs, spherical aberrations and AF (all P<0.05), but no statistical differences in BCVA, NVA, Efron grade, CH, CRF, IOPcc, BUT and AA between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Orthokeratology with ICF safely and effectively corrected myopia in children during the observation period. It could control the progression of moderate myopia more effectively than that of low myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - S B Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Y J Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Z P Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Songpan County, Aba Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 623300, China
| | - Dingpeng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Songpan County, Aba Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 623300, China
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Tang WT, You Y, Li SX, Zhang S. [The 496th case:recurrent syncope for 8 years]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:708-710. [PMID: 35673757 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210607-00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 25-year-old women was admitted to the department of Neurology in Affiliated 2nd Hospital of Hainan Medical University due to recurrent syncope for 8 years and return for 2 months. She had multiple episodes of syncope at onset. She presented with the feeling of weakness in both lower limbs, and fatigue in the past year. She experienced pain in the waist and limbs joint in recent three months. Physical examination showed joint hyperactivity in metacarpophalangeal joints of both upper limbs, increased skin elasticity. Active-standing transcranial Doppler (TCD) test showed that the average heart rate (HR) and the average middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity in the supine position were 79 beats/min and 62 cm/s, respectively; while the average HR and the average MCA blood flow velocity in the standing position were 126 beats/min, 47 cm/s. Meanwhile,the blood pressure was normal during the test of supine-to-standing TCD. Genetic testing indicated LDB3 transgenation. The patient was diagnosed as postural tachycardia syndrome (joint-hypermobility-related), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and relieved by fluid infusion and rehabilitation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Tang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Y You
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - S X Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
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Cai P, Chen L, Guo YR, Yao J, Chen HY, Lu YP, Huang SN, He P, Zheng ZH, Liu JY, Chen J, Hu LH, Chen SY, Huang LT, Chen GQ, Tang WT, Su WK, Li HY, Wang WX, Yu CX. Basal forebrain GABAergic neurons promote arousal and predatory hunting. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108299. [PMID: 32916145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Predatory hunting is an important approach for animals to obtain valuable nutrition and energy, which critically depends on heightened arousal. Yet the neural substrates underlying predatory hunting remain largely undefined. Here, we report that basal forebrain (BF) GABAergic neurons play an important role in regulating predatory hunting. Our results showed that BF GABAergic neurons were activated during the prey (cricket)-hunting and food feeding in mice. Optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic neurons evoked immediate predatory-like actions to both artificial and natural preys, significantly reducing the attack latency while increasing the attack probability and the number of killed natural prey (crickets). Similar to the effect of activating the soma of BF GABAergic neurons, photoactivation of their terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) also strongly promotes predatory hunting. Moreover, photoactivation of GABAergic BF - VTA pathway significantly increases the intake of various food in mice. By synchronous recording of electroencephalogram and electromyogram, we showed that photoactivation of GABAergic BF - VTA pathway induces instant arousal and maintains long-term wakefulness. In summary, our results clearly demonstrated that the GABAergic BF is a key neural substrate for predatory hunting, and promotes this behavior through GABAergic BF - VTA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yu-Rou Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Hui-Yun Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yi-Ping Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ze-Hong Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Li-Huan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shang-Yi Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Le-Tong Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wei-Tao Tang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wei-Kun Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Huang-Yuan Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Chang-Xi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350108, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian, 350108, China.
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He XY, Yang WM, Tang WT, Ma R, Sun YP, Wang P, Yao XS. TRAV gene expression in PBMCs and TILs in patients with breast cancer analyzed by a DNA melting curve (FQ-PCR) technique for TCR α chain CDR3 spectratyping. Neoplasma 2013; 59:693-9. [PMID: 22862170 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2012_088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the expression of the TRAV gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the patients with breast cancer using a DNA melting curve (FQ-PCR) technique for T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain CDR3 spectratyping. Peripheral blood samples and tissue samples were obtained from thirty breast cancer patients. Total RNA was extracted from PBMCs and tumor tissues and then reverse transcribed into cDNA. FQ-PCR was used to amplify the human TCR alpha chain CDR3 region with the primers to the TRAV and TRAC genes. TCR alpha chain CDR3 spectratyping and partial CDR3 sequencing were used to determine use of TRAV gene product in T cell responses. TCR alpha CDR3 spectratyping showed preferential usage of certain TRAV genes in the PBMCs and TILs of all patients with breast cancer. The frequencies of TRAV1.1, TRAV9, and TRAV29 exceeded 30% in PBMCs and the frequencies of TRAV1.1 and TRAV22 exceeded 30% in TILs. More than three quarters of the patients (23/30) overexpressed the same gene in both PBMCs and TILs; for example, patient-1 highly expressed TRAV9 in the PBMCs and TILs. Patients with positive or negative tumor markers of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), pS2, C-erbB-2, nm23, P53, and Ki-67 showed no significant common TRAV gene expression, but some TRAV gene preferential usage frequencies exceeded 20%. For example, five of seven patients positive for ER had high levels of expression of TRAV1.1 and TRAV3. Finally, the amino acid sequence of TCR CDR3 region showed some common motifs in some of the patients. CONCLUSIONS TRAV gene expression was complex and diverse in the patients with breast cancer. The TRAV gene usage may be closely related to the diversity of breast tumor antigens and the differential immune responses observed in individual patients. Research into the immunological mechanism of T cells may provide guidance for individual T cell-directed therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y He
- Department of Immunology, Research Center for Medicine & Biology and Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
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Ng I, Yeo TT, Soong R, Tang WT, Ong PL, Lew T, Goh HS, Smith D. Young Investigator's Award: induction of apoptosis following traumatic head injury in humans. Ann Acad Med Singap 1999; 28:363-5. [PMID: 10575519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays an important role in many developmental and pathological processes of the central nervous system. In head injury, apoptosis has been recently implicated in many studies on animal brain samples the phenomenon of apoptotic gene expression (bax and bcl-2). Twenty specimens of contused brain tissue (temporal and frontal lobe) from 20 patients who underwent emergency craniotomy and removal of mass lesions were obtained from May to October 1997. The samples collected were immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2, bax and p53 using standard avidin-biotin complex second antibody conjugate methodology utilising commercially available primary and secondary antibodies. The average age of cohort was 46.24 +/- 22.17 years, the average Glasgow Coma Scale on admission was 9.19 +/- 4.72, and the average duration from injury to collection of the sample was 20.62 +/- 40.57 hours. There was documented hypoxia and hypotension seen in 5 of the 20 patients (25%). Significant levels of bax protein expression were noted in all samples, and p53 expression in 30% of samples. No bcl-2 expression was observed. Our study showed that for the first time the strong expression of the pro-apoptotic gene (bax) and low levels of the anti-apoptotic gene (bcl-2), thus implicating the mechanism of apoptosis in brain injury following trauma. The use of agents to inhibit apoptosis may be beneficial in head injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Yan DY, Xie YJ, Zhang CA, McCormick JB, Sanchez A, Engelman HM, Chen SZ, Gu XS, Tang WT, Zhang J. New isolates of HFRS virus in Sichuan, China and characterisation of antigenic differences by monoclonal antibodies. Lancet 1986; 1:1328. [PMID: 2423827 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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