1
|
Ximenes LF, Pinheiro HN, Filho JVDA, André WPP, Abreu FOMDS, Cardial MRL, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Melo ACFL, Lopes FFDS, de Morais SM, de Oliveira LMB, Bevilaqua CML. Effect of the Combination of Synthetic Anthelmintics with Carvacryl Acetate in Emulsions with and without a Sodium Alginate Matrix on Haemonchus contortus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1007. [PMID: 38612246 PMCID: PMC11011019 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanoemulsions using combined synthetic anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ), levamisole (LEV), and ivermectin (IVM), with carvacryl acetate (CA) against Haemonchus contortus, and also tested the presence and absence of alginate (ALG). The anthelmintic effect of the CA/TBZ nanoemulsion was evaluated in the egg hatch test (EHT). The effects of CA/IVM and CA/LEV nanoemulsions were evaluated in the larval development test (LDT). The emulsions CA/TBZ/ALG and CA/TBZ showed a multimodal profile, with most particles on the nanometric scale. The encapsulation efficiency in CA/TBZ/ALG was 80.25%, and that in CA/LEV/ALG was 89.73%. In the EHT, CA/TBZ and CA/TBZ/ALG showed mean combination indices (CIs) of 0.55 and 0.36, respectively, demonstrating synergism in both. In LDT, CA/IVM had an average CI of 0.75, and CA/LEV and CA/LEV/ALG showed CI values of 0.4 and 0.93, respectively. It was concluded that CA/TBZ showed a synergistic interaction, and CA/TBZ/ALG showed an enhanced effect. In addition, the matrix brought stability to the product, encouraging its improvement to obtain higher efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Furtado Ximenes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.X.); (J.V.d.A.F.); (W.P.P.A.); (L.M.B.d.O.)
| | - Henety Nascimento Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (H.N.P.); (F.O.M.d.S.A.); (M.R.L.C.)
| | - José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.X.); (J.V.d.A.F.); (W.P.P.A.); (L.M.B.d.O.)
| | - Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.X.); (J.V.d.A.F.); (W.P.P.A.); (L.M.B.d.O.)
| | - Flávia Oliveira Monteiro da Silva Abreu
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (H.N.P.); (F.O.M.d.S.A.); (M.R.L.C.)
| | - Mayrla Rocha Lima Cardial
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (H.N.P.); (F.O.M.d.S.A.); (M.R.L.C.)
| | | | - Ana Carolina Fonseca Lindoso Melo
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.M.C.-B.); (A.C.F.L.M.)
| | - Francisco Flávio da Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (F.F.d.S.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (F.F.d.S.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.X.); (J.V.d.A.F.); (W.P.P.A.); (L.M.B.d.O.)
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil; (L.F.X.); (J.V.d.A.F.); (W.P.P.A.); (L.M.B.d.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbosa MLF, Ribeiro WLC, de Araújo Filho JV, de Cássia Alves Pereira R, André WPP, Melo ACFL, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, de Morais SM, de Oliveira LMB, Bevilaqua CML. In vitro anthelmintic activity of Lippia alba essential oil chemotypes against Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2022; 244:108439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
3
|
Aguiar AARM, Filho JVDA, Pinheiro HN, Campelo MDS, Ribeiro WLC, Melo ACFL, da Rocha LO, Ribeiro MENP, Ricardo NMPS, Abreu FOMDS, de Oliveira LMB, André WPP, Bevilaqua CML. In vitro anthelmintic activity of an R-carvone nanoemulsions towards multiresistant Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 2022; 149:1631-1641. [PMID: 36052509 PMCID: PMC11010499 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of carvone nanoemulsions on Haemonchus contortus. Three R-carvone nanoemulsions were prepared: uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsions homogenized in a sonicator (UNAlg-son) and homogenized in an ultrahomogenizer (UNAlg-ultra) and sodium alginate-coated R-carvone (CNAlg-ultra). The physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions were carried out. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated using egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worm motility test (AWMT). Changes in cuticle induced in adult H. contortus were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching and larval development was calculated. The particle sizes were 281.1 nm (UNAlg-son), 152.7 nm (UNAlg-ultra) and 557.8 nm (CNAlg-ultra), and the zeta potentials were −15 mV (UNAlg-son), −10.8 mV (UNAlg-ultra) and −24.2 mV (CNAlg-ultra). The encapsulation efficiency was 99.84 ± 0.01%. SEM of the nanoemulsions showed an increase in size. In EHT, the EC50 values of UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra were 0.19, 0.02 and 0.17 mg mL−1, respectively. In LDT, they were 0.29, 0.31 and 0.95 mg mL−1 for UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, respectively. The adult motility inhibition was 100% after 12 h of exposure to UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, while for UNAlg-son, it was 79.16%. SEM showed changes in the buccal capsule and cuticular damage. It was concluded that R-carvone nanoemulsions showed antiparasitic action demonstrating promise for the control of infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Henety Nascimento Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Letícia Oliveira da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Inovação de Materiais, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Araújo-Filho JVD, Ribeiro WLC, André WPP, Cavalcante GS, Santos JMLD, Monteiro JP, Macedo ITF, Oliveira LMBD, Bevilaqua CML. Phenotypic and genotypic approaches for detection of anthelmintic resistant sheep gastrointestinal nematodes from Brazilian northeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e005021. [PMID: 34133616 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the anthelmintic resistance (AR) of a sheep gastrointestinal nematode population, named Caucaia, from northeastern Brazil. Phenotypic tests performed were: egg hatch (EHT), larval development (LDT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECRT). Benzimidazoles (BZs) genotypic evaluation was by frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) F200Y, F167Y and E198A, and for levamisole (LEV), by frequency of resistance alleles of Hco-acr-8 gene. The primers were designed specifically for Haemonchus contortus. Effective concentrations 50% (EC50) for BZs (EHT), and for macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and LEV (LDT) were 1.02 µg/mL, 1.81 ng/mL and 0.04 µg/mL, respectively. Resistance ratios for MLs and LEV were 0.91 and 3.07, respectively. FECRT efficacies of BZs, MLs, monepantel (MPTL) and LEV were 52.4; 87.0; 94.5 and 99.6%, respectively. qPCR for BZs demonstrated resistance allele frequencies of 0%, 26.24% and 69.08% for SNPs E198A, F200Y and F167Y, respectively. For LEV, 54.37% of resistance alleles were found. There was agreement between EHT, FECRT and qPCR for BZs, and agreement between LDT and qPCR for LEV. Thus, based on higher sensitivity of qPCR, and phenotypic evaluation, the Caucaia population was considered resistant to BZs, MLs, LEV and suspect for MPTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Géssica Soares Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Jomar Patrício Monteiro
- Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, CE, Brasil.,Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | - Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
André WPP, Paiva Junior JRD, Cavalcante GS, Ribeiro WLC, Araújo Filho JVD, Santos JMLD, Alves APNN, Monteiro JP, Morais SMD, Silva INGD, Oliveira LMBD, Abreu FOMDS, Bevilaqua CML. Anthelmintic activity of nanoencapsulated carvacryl acetate against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and its toxicity in rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e013119. [PMID: 32049139 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of carvacryl acetate (CVA) and nanoencapsulated CVA (nCVA) on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The CVA was nanoencapsulated with chitosan/gum arabic and the efficacy of nanoencapsulation (EE), yield, zeta potential, nanoparticle morphology and release kinetics at pH 3 and 8 were analyzed. Acute and subchronic toxicity were evaluated in rodents and reduction of egg counts in the faeces (FECRT) of sheep. The sheep were divided into four groups (n = 10): G1, 250 mg/kg CVA; G2, 250 mg/kg nCVA; G3, polymer matrix and G4: 2.5 mg/kg monepantel. EE and nCVA yield were 65% and 57%, respectively. The morphology of the nanoparticles was spherical, size (810.6±286.7 nm), zeta potential in pH 3.2 (+18.3 mV) and the 50% release of CVA at pHs 3 and 8 occurred at 200 and 10 h, respectively. nCVA showed LD50 of 2,609 mg/kg. CVA, nCVA and monepantel reduced the number of eggs per gram of faeces (epg) by 57.7%, 51.1% and 97.7%, respectively. The epg of sheep treated with CVA and nCVA did not differ from the negative control (P>0.05). Nanoencapsulation reduced the toxicity of CVA; however, nCVA and CVA presented similar results in the FECRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - José Ribamar de Paiva Junior
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Géssica Soares Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Maria Leite Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Isaac Neto Goes da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Araújo-Filho JVD, Ribeiro WLC, André WPP, Cavalcante GS, Rios TT, Schwinden GM, Rocha LOD, Macedo ITF, Morais SMD, Bevilaqua CML, Oliveira LMBD. Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:644-651. [PMID: 31800886 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Géssica Soares Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Thays Tabosa Rios
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Maria Schwinden
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Letícia Oliveira da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavalcante GS, Morais SMD, André WPP, Araújo-Filho JVD, Muniz CR, Rocha LOD, Ribeiro WLC, Rodrigues ALM, Oliveira LMBD, Bevilaqua CML, Ramos MV. Chemical constituents of Calotropis procera latex and ultrastructural effects on Haemonchus contortus. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic and ultrastructural effects of Calotropis procera latex on Haemonchus contortus. C. procera latex was twice centrifuged at 10,000×g and dialyzed to obtain a fraction rich in proteins, named LP (latex protein), and at 3,000 rpm to obtain a fraction rich in secondary metabolites, named LNP (latex non-protein). Specimens of H. contortus exposed to LNP, LP and PBS in the Adult Worm Motility Test (AWMT) were submitted to scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to verify changes in their ultrastructure. Phytochemical tests in the LNP indicated the presence of phenols, steroids, alkaloids and cardenolides. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) characterized the presence of the compounds gallic acid and quercetin in the LNP. The protein content in the LP was 43.1 ± 1.1 mg/mL and 7.7 ± 0.3 mg/mL in LNP. In AWMT, LNP and LP inhibited the motility of 100% of the nematodes, with LNP being more effective than LP and ivermectin more effective than both (p <0.05). Cuticle changes were observed by SEM and TEM in nematodes treated with LP and LNP. Calotropis procera latex has anthelmintic effects against H. contortus, causing damage to its cuticle and other alterations in its ultrastructure.
Collapse
|
8
|
Macedo ITF, Oliveira LMBD, André WPP, Araújo Filho JVD, Santos JMLD, Rondon FCM, Ribeiro WLC, Camurça-Vasconcelos ALF, Oliveira EFD, Paula HCBD, Bevilaqua CML. Anthelmintic effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its nanoemulsion on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2019; 28:522-527. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The anthelmintic resistance stimulated the search for strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes, including the use of free essential oils or its nanoemulsion. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CcEO) and C. citratus essential oil nanoemulsion (CcEOn). Pysicochemical analyses were performed. The in vitro effect was determined using the egg hatch test (EHT) on Haemonchus contortus and in vivo effect was evaluated in sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The animals were treated with CcEO (500 mg/kg) or CcEOn (450 mg/kg) for the fecal egg count (FEC) and the determination of worm burden. The main component of CcEO was citral. The CcEO content in the nanoemulsion was 20% (v/v), and the mean particle size was 248 nm. In EHT, CcEO and CcEOn (1.25 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98.4 and 97.1%, respectively. Three animals treated with CcEO died whereas in the group treated with CcEOn one animal died. The FEC and total worm burden of the treated groups did not differ from the negative control (p>0.05). The CcEOn showed efficacy only on H. contortus (p<0.05). In conclusion, nanoencapsulation reduced toxicity and increased efficacy on H. contortus.
Collapse
|
9
|
André WPP, Cavalcante GS, Ribeiro WLC, Santos JMLD, Macedo ITF, Paula HCBD, Morais SMD, Melo JVD, Bevilaqua CML. Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:323-330. [PMID: 28977246 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymol is a monoterpene and acetylation form of this compound can reduce the toxicity and enhance its biological effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol acetate (TA) on egg, larva and adult Haemonchus contortus and the cuticular changes, acute toxicity in mice and the efficacy on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. In vitro tests results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by comparison with Tukey test or Bonferroni. The efficacy of in vivo test was calculated by the BootStreet program. In the egg hatch test (EHT), thymol (0.5 mg/mL) and TA (4 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98% and 67.1%, respectively. Thymol and TA (8 mg/mL) inhibited 100% of larval development. Thymol and TA (800 µg/mL) reduced the motility of adult worms, by 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Thymol caused cuticular changes in adult worm teguments. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 of thymol and TA were 1,350.9 mg/kg and 4,144.4 mg/kg, respectively. Thymol and TA reduced sheep egg count per gram of faeces (epg) by 59.8% and 76.2%, respectively. In in vitro tests thymol presented better anthelmintic activity than TA. However TA was less toxic and in in vivo test efficacy was similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Géssica Soares Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Jessica Maria Leite Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
André WPP, Ribeiro WLC, Oliveira LMBD, Macedo ITF, Rondon FCM, Bevilaqua CML. Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants. ACTA SCI VET 2018. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.81804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test. OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos JMLD, Vasconcelos JF, Frota GA, Ribeiro WLC, André WPP, Vieira LDS, Teixeira M, Bevilaqua CML, Monteiro JP. Haemonchus contortus β-tubulin isotype 1 gene F200Y and F167Y SNPs are both selected by ivermectin and oxfendazole treatments with differing impacts on anthelmintic resistance. Vet Parasitol 2017; 248:90-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|