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Tian WT, Zhan FX, Liu ZH, Liu Z, Liu Q, Guo XN, Zhou ZW, Wang SG, Liu XR, Jiang H, Li XH, Zhao GH, Li HY, Tang JG, Bi GH, Zhong P, Yin XM, Liu TT, Ni RL, Zheng HR, Liu XL, Qian XH, Wu JY, Cao YW, Zhang C, Liu SH, Wu YY, Wang QF, Xu T, Hou WZ, Li ZY, Ke HY, Zhu ZY, Zheng L, Wang T, Rong TY, Wu L, Zhang Y, Fang K, Wang ZH, Zhang YK, Zhang M, Zhao YW, Tang BS, Luan XH, Huang XJ, Cao L. TMEM151A Variants Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: A Large-Sample Study. Mov Disord 2022; 37:545-552. [PMID: 34820915 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is the most common type of paroxysmal dyskinesias. Only one-third of PKD patients are attributed to proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) mutations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the potential causative gene for PKD. METHODS A cohort of 196 PRRT2-negative PKD probands were enrolled for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Gene Ranking, Identification and Prediction Tool, a method of case-control analysis, was applied to identify the candidate genes. Another 325 PRRT2-negative PKD probands were subsequently screened with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Transmembrane Protein 151 (TMEM151A) variants were mainly clustered in PKD patients compared with the control groups. 24 heterozygous variants were detected in 25 of 521 probands (frequency = 4.80%), including 18 missense and 6 nonsense mutations. In 29 patients with TMEM151A variants, the ratio of male to female was 2.63:1 and the mean age of onset was 12.93 ± 3.15 years. Compared with PRRT2 mutation carriers, TMEM151A-related PKD were more common in sporadic PKD patients with pure phenotype. There was no significant difference in types of attack and treatment outcome between TMEM151A-positive and PRRT2-positive groups. CONCLUSIONS We consolidated mutations in TMEM151A causing PKD with the aid of case-control analysis of a large-scale WES data, which broadens the genotypic spectrum of PKD. TMEM151A-related PKD were more common in sporadic cases and tended to present as pure phenotype with a late onset. Extensive functional studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of TMEM151A-related PKD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wo-Tu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Xia Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Nan Guo
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, The Center for the Transformation Medicine of Kidney Disease of Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Zai-Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Xunyin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ge Wang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun-Hua Li
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhao
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Jian-Guang Tang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang-Hui Bi
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Yin
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Rui-Long Ni
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zheng
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Qian
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hua Liu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qun-Feng Wang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Hou
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yi Ke
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Yi Rong
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wu
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Fang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Hang Wang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Kun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Hua Luan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- China Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Collaborative Group (CPDCG), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
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Li DY, Song JD, Liang ZY, Oskouei K, Xiao XQ, Hou WZ, Li JT, Yang YS, Wang ML, Murbach M. Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17030819. [PMID: 32013005 PMCID: PMC7037840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on apoptosis, we exposed NIH/3T3 cells at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg intermittently for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. After exposure, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis; the expression of p53, a molecule with the key role in apoptosis, was measured by real-time qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence; and images of the structure of the mitochondria, directly reflecting apoptosis, were captured by electron microscopy. The results showed that the viability of cells in the 12, 36, and 48 h exposure groups significantly decreased compared with the sham groups; after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of late apoptotic cells in the exposure group was significantly higher. Real-time qPCR results showed that p53 mRNA in the 48 h exposure group was 1.4-fold of that in the sham group; significant differences of p53 protein fluorescence expression were observed between the exposure groups and the sham groups after 24 h and 48 h. The mitochondrial swelling and vesicular morphology were found in the electron microscopy images after 48 h exposure. These findings demonstrated 1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg EMR for 48 h may cause apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells and that this apoptosis might be attributed to mitochondrial damage and upregulation of p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Jing-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; (J.-D.S.); (W.-Z.H.)
| | - Zhao-Yuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Kiana Oskouei
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Qian Xiao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China; (J.-D.S.); (W.-Z.H.)
| | - Jin-Tao Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Yi-Shu Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ming-Lian Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (D.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.O.); (X.-Q.X.); (J.-T.L.); (Y.-S.Y.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Murbach
- IT’IS Foundation, Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (M.M.)
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