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Wang L, Zhao Y, Chen S, Wen X, Anjago WM, Tian T, Chen Y, Zhang J, Deng S, Jiu M, Fu P, Zhou D, Druzhinina IS, Wei L, Daly P. Growth, Enzymatic, and Transcriptomic Analysis of xyr1 Deletion Reveals a Major Regulator of Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum. Biomolecules 2024; 14:148. [PMID: 38397385 PMCID: PMC10887015 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of plant biomass degradation by fungi is critical to the carbon cycle, and applications in bioproducts and biocontrol. Trichoderma harzianum is an important plant biomass degrader, enzyme producer, and biocontrol agent, but few putative major transcriptional regulators have been deleted in this species. The T. harzianum ortholog of the transcriptional activator XYR1/XlnR/XLR-1 was deleted, and the mutant strains were analyzed through growth profiling, enzymatic activities, and transcriptomics on cellulose. From plate cultures, the Δxyr1 mutant had reduced growth on D-xylose, xylan, and cellulose, and from shake-flask cultures with cellulose, the Δxyr1 mutant had ~90% lower β-glucosidase activity, and no detectable β-xylosidase or cellulase activity. The comparison of the transcriptomes from 18 h shake-flask cultures on D-fructose, without a carbon source, and cellulose, showed major effects of XYR1 deletion whereby the Δxyr1 mutant on cellulose was transcriptionally most similar to the cultures without a carbon source. The cellulose induced 43 plant biomass-degrading CAZymes including xylanases as well as cellulases, and most of these had massively lower expression in the Δxyr1 mutant. The expression of a subset of carbon catabolic enzymes, other transcription factors, and sugar transporters was also lower in the Δxyr1 mutant on cellulose. In summary, T. harzianum XYR1 is the master regulator of cellulases and xylanases, as well as regulating carbon catabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunji Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Yishen Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (M.J.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Siqiao Chen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xian Wen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (M.J.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wilfred Mabeche Anjago
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Tianchi Tian
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Sheng Deng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Min Jiu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Pengxiao Fu
- Jiangsu Coastal Ecological Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China;
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Irina S. Druzhinina
- Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London TW9 3AE, UK;
| | - Lihui Wei
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Paul Daly
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (S.C.); (W.M.A.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.); (S.D.); (D.Z.)
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Anjago WM, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Biregeya J, Li Y, Zhang T, Peng M, Cai Y, Shi M, Wang B, Zhang D, Wang Z, Chen M. The molecular mechanism underlying pathogenicity inhibition by sanguinarine in Magnaporthe oryzae. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4669-4679. [PMID: 34116584 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguinarine (SAN) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that broadly targets a range of pathways in mammalian and fungal cells. In this study we set out to explore the molecular mechanism of sanguinarine inhibition of the fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae with the hope that sanguinarine will bolster the development of antiblast agents. RESULTS We found that the fungus exhibited a significant reduction in vegetative growth and hyphal melanization while the spores produced long germ tubes on the artificial hydrophobic surface characteristic of a defect in thigmotropic sensing when exposed to 4, 8 and 0.5 μm sanguinarine, respectively. Consistent with these findings, we observed that the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and the fungal hydrophobin MoMPG1 were remarkably suppressed in mycelia treated with 8 μm sanguinarine. Additionally, sanguinarine inhibited appressorium formation at a dose of 1.0 μm and this defect was restored by supplementing 5 mM of exogenous cAMP. By qRT-PCR assay we found cAMP pathway signalling genes such as MoCAP1 and MoCpkA were significantly repressed whereas MoCDTF1 and MoSOM1 were upregulated in sanguinarine-treated strains. Furthermore, we showed that sanguinarine does not selectively inhibit vegetative growth and appressorium formation of Guy11 but also other strains of M. oryzae. Finally, treatment of sanguinarine impaired the appressorium-mediated penetration and pathogenicity of M. oryzae in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on our results we concluded that sanguinarine is an attractive antimicrobial candidate for fungicide development in the control of rice blast disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Mabeche Anjago
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Yixiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jules Biregeya
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minghui Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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Anjago WM, Zhou T, Zhang H, Shi M, Yang T, Zheng H, Wang Z. Regulatory network of genes associated with stimuli sensing, signal transduction and physiological transformation of appressorium in Magnaporthe oryzae. Mycology 2018; 9:211-222. [PMID: 30181927 PMCID: PMC6115909 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1492981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most destructive disease affecting the rice production (Oryza sativa), with an average global loss of 10-30% per annum. Recent reports have indicated that the fungus also inflicts blast disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum) posing a serious threat to the wheat production. Due to its easily detected infectious process and manoeuvrable genetic manipulation, M. oryzae is considered a model organism for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying fungal pathogenicity during the pathogen-host interaction. M. oryzae utilises an infectious structure called appressorium to breach the host surface by generating high turgor pressure. The appressorium development is induced by physical and chemical cues which are coordinated by the highly conserved cAMP/PKA, MAPK and calcium signalling cascades. Genes involved in the appressorium development have been identified and well studied in M. oryzae, a summary of the working gene network linking stimuli sensing and physiological transformation of appressorium is needed. This review provides a comprehensive discussion regarding the regulatory networks underlying appressorium development with particular emphasis on sensing of appressorium inducing stimuli, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and the corresponding developmental and physiological responses. We also discussed the crosstalk and interaction of various pathways during the appressorium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Mabeche Anjago
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tengshen Zhou
- Institute of oceanography, Minjian University, FuzhouChina
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of oceanography, Minjian University, FuzhouChina
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Matar KAO, Chen X, Chen D, Anjago WM, Norvienyeku J, Lin Y, Chen M, Wang Z, Ebbole DJ, Lu GD. WD40-repeat protein MoCreC is essential for carbon repression and is involved in conidiation, growth and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Curr Genet 2016; 63:685-696. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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