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Chakraborty S, Fama A, Sander WE. Zoonoses-specific resources, collaborative networks, and enhanced communication can help US veterinarians tackle zoonotic diseases: results from a national survey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38608653 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.02.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Increased incidence of zoonoses, coupled with veterinarians' occupational exposure, led to this study examining the knowledge of licensed US veterinarians on zoonoses and their disease prevention practices. This online survey supported by the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians received 466 responses from 36 US states; 67% of the respondents were female, and 72.5% were small animal medicine practitioners. The One Health concept was familiar among 82% of respondents, 51.3% knew of continuing education training on zoonoses, and 68% had attended such a training in the last 5 years. Respondents were unaware of which zoonoses to report to public health departments. For 3 out of 8 questions on standard operating procedures, statistically significant differences in protocols followed among small, large, and mixed animal medicine practitioners were observed. Most respondents believed they play a critical role in zoonoses prevention but would like more information on zoonotic diseases. Results indicate that assisting veterinarians with regularly updated information on zoonoses, providing targeted education and training to adhere to standardized infection control measures, and increasing communication with public health agencies and physicians may help prevent and reduce incidence of zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Chakraborty
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - William E Sander
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Sander WE. Interprofessional experiences - A bridge to more complete healthcare. Can Vet J 2023; 64:978-979. [PMID: 37780480 PMCID: PMC10506347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William E Sander
- William E. Sander, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
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Park GL, Sander WE, Martenies SE, Rosencranz H, Rice LA, Jayasingh-Ramkumar J, Michaels S, Aldridge B. Beyond the Imodium, a One Health Discussion on Diarrhea and the Impact of Climate Change. Med Sci Educ 2023; 33:1049-1053. [PMID: 37886283 PMCID: PMC10597913 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to tackle the looming human, animal, and global ecosystem health threats arising from the issues of climate change and extreme weather events will require effective and creative cross-disciplinary collaboration. There is a growing national and international interest in equipping the next generation of clinicians and health scientists for success in facing these important challenges by providing interprofessional training opportunities. This paper describes how we assembled an interdisciplinary team of experts to design and deliver a case-based discussion on a cross-species illness outbreak in animals and humans using a One Health framework. The small group, case-based approach highlighted the impact of climate change-driven extreme weather events on human and animal health using a diarrhea outbreak associated with a contaminated community water supply precipitated by extreme flooding. Post-activity survey data indicated that this team-taught learning activity successfully engaged a cross-disciplinary cohort of medical, veterinary, and public health students in the issues of environmental public health threats and helped them understand the importance of an integrative, cross-functional, team-based approach for solving complex problems. The data from this study is being used to plan similar interprofessional, One Health learning activities across the health sciences curriculum in our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Park
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - William E. Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Sheena E. Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Holly Rosencranz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Laura A. Rice
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Japhia Jayasingh-Ramkumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Sarah Michaels
- Champaign-Urbana Public Health District, Champaign, IL USA
| | - Brian Aldridge
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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Pieper JB, Doroud S, Sander WE. Evaluation for Postoperative Infections Following Cutaneous Punch Biopsies in Dogs and Cats: 154 Cases (2013-2018). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:249-253. [PMID: 36049237 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship is becoming more important every day with increasing bacterial resistance and limitations on antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary with all procedures, which has been shown previously with a variety of human and veterinary surgeries. Medical records were retrospectively evaluated for cases who had a cutaneous punch biopsy performed between 2013 and 2018 including the following information: species, signalment, concurrent diseases, concurrent medications, location of biopsy, histopathologic diagnosis, and bacterial infections postoperatively. The prevalence of secondary infections, due to punch biopsies in all animals, was 1.9% and further divided into 2.3% (3/128) of dogs and 0% (0/26) of cats. It was determined that the relative risk of developing complications from punch biopsy was 0.06 (0.01-0.93) when diagnosing a dermatologic disease versus a cutaneous mass (neoplastic and nonneoplastic), which was statistically significant. The risk increased 2.16 (0.16-59.91) times if the biopsy site was the trunk, which includes the neck, thorax, and abdomen. These results indicate that in veterinary medicine, postoperative complications are uncommon with cutaneous punch biopsies. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics in dogs and cats is unnecessary when performing a punch biopsy when there is no infection present at the time of biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Pieper
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (J.B.P.)
| | - Shahla Doroud
- Pacific Veterinary Clinic, Grants Pass, Oregon (S.D.)
| | - William E Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (W.E.S.)
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Parsley AL, Schnelle AN, Gruber EJ, Sander WE, Barger AM. Total protein concentration as a predictor of in neoplastic peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:391-397. [PMID: 35538615 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of neoplastic cavitary effusions requires the identification of neoplastic cells in effusions, yet the cytologic appearance of neoplastic effusions can be highly variable due to the varied mechanisms of formation. Additional parameters might aid in the interpretation of equivocal cytologic results. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to evaluate whether total protein concentrations can be used to support the diagnosis of neoplasia in the peritoneal and pleural effusions of dogs with lower cellularities (≤5000 nucleated cells/μL). METHODS Pleural and peritoneal fluid analyses from dogs presented to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Effusions were categorized as neoplastic or non-neoplastic based on histology or cytology. Non-neoplastic effusions were subcategorized according to mechanism: decreased oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure, increased vascular permeability, leakage of urine, and leakage of lymph. The TP and blood albumin to fluid TP ratio (Albblood :TPfluid ) were compared among groups. RESULTS Twenty-seven neoplastic and 65 non-neoplastic cases were evaluated. TP was higher in the neoplastic group (P = .001) than in the non-neoplastic group. Neoplastic effusions had a lower Albblood :TPfluid than non-neoplastic (P = .001), and effusions with Albblood :TPfluid of ≤0.6 were 5.6 times more likely to be neoplastic (95% CI 1.69-17.36; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Fluid TP concentrations were significantly greater in neoplastic than non-neoplastic effusions; however, given the considerable overlap between groups, the diagnostic utility of this difference is low. A neoplastic etiology might be more likely in cases with an Albblood :TPfluid ≤0.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Parsley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy N Schnelle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Erika J Gruber
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne M Barger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Kiran D, Sander WE, Duncan C. Empowering Veterinarians to Be Planetary Health Stewards Through Policy and Practice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:775411. [PMID: 35310413 PMCID: PMC8928474 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.775411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians are established public health professionals, committing to promote public health when they take their veterinary oath. The issue of climate change and its impact on planetary health is vital to public health, and therefore, it is critical that climate change is regarded as within the veterinary scope of practice. However, climate change is a multi-faceted issue which requires interdisciplinary collaboration and integrated stakeholder involvement in order to establish effective solutions and impactful policies. As a result, in this perspective, we discuss how policy is critical to support veterinarians in the climate change space and argue that more explicit support is needed for veterinarians to take an active role in climate change adaption, resilience, and mitigation. We address the discrepancies between the human health and veterinary professions with respect to providing policy support and capacity for practitioners to be stewards to promote planetary health and shed light on the lack of veterinary capacity in this area. We stress that veterinary professional societies are well equipped to bolster their policies, expand education for veterinary professionals and students in policy and advocacy, and establish calls to action to address climate change and planetary health issues. Ultimately, as public health professionals, veterinarians are uniquely poised to be contributors to climate change solutions and they should be actively involved in policy decision-making and empowered to take active roles in interdisciplinary conversations surrounding this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kiran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William E. Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Colleen Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Colleen Duncan
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Sander WE, King R, Graser W, Kapfer JM, Engel AI, Adamovicz L, Allender MC. Coxiella burnetii in 3 Species of Turtles in the Upper Midwest, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:3199-3202. [PMID: 34808095 PMCID: PMC8632166 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.211278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the causative bacterium of the zoonotic disease Q fever, has been documented in many different species. We describe documented turtles that were PCR positive for C. burnetii from multiple locations in Illinois and Wisconsin, USA. Assessing the conservation implications, reservoir potential, and zoonotic risk requires further research.
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Hernandez-Bures A, Pieper JB, Bidot WA, O’Dell M, Sander WE, Maddox CW. Survey of dermatophytes in stray dogs and cats with and without skin lesions in Puerto Rico and confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257514. [PMID: 34559833 PMCID: PMC8462699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common and highly contagious zoonotic skin disease in companion animals. This disease is a major concern in geographical areas that contain large numbers of stray animal populations. Numerous surveys on dermatophytosis among stray animal populations worldwide range between 27% to 50%. In recent years, the US territory of Puerto Rico was impacted by several natural disasters such as hurricanes, which has led to a large increase of abandonment cases and an increase in the stray animal population. Due to this, large low-cost spay/neuter clinics and trap-neuter-release programs have become a more common practice on the island. During these events, veterinary staff are exposed to multiple animals with no health history, and therefore, zoonotic diseases are of concern. The aim of this study was to provide information regarding the presence of dermatophyte species in symptomatic and asymptomatic stray dogs and cats in a region of Puerto Rico. Hair samples were collected from 99 stray animals with and without dermatological clinical signs. The hair samples were cultured on plates containing rapid sporulation medium and dermatophyte test medium. All cultures were evaluated microscopically to confirm the presence of dermatophytes. Then, all dermatophytes were further evaluated with MALDI-TOF MS to compare both diagnostic tests. A total of 19 animals (19%) were positive for dermatophyte growth. Of these animals, 18/19 were infected with M. canis and 1/19 with Trichophyton spp. Animals with clinical lesions were positive only 13.5% of the time compared to asymptomatic animals, who were positive in 36% of the sample population. All 19 dermatophytes (100%) diagnosed with microscopic evaluation were confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS. Our results indicate that there is a prevalence of 19% of dermatophytosis among the stray dog and cat population of the southeastern coast of the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hernandez-Bures
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason B. Pieper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Willie A. Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Miranda O’Dell
- University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United State of America
| | - William E. Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Sander WE, Miller GY. Public Practice Opportunities for Veterinary Students to Enhance Veterinary Public Health Education. J Vet Med Educ 2021; 48:376-382. [PMID: 32730168 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Veterinarians have a long history of contributing to animal and human health; simultaneously, the veterinary medical profession has held the tenet of protecting public health. Veterinary education has shifted with societal needs over time and currently has curricula at US colleges of veterinary medicine (CVMs) largely focused on clinical practice and basic sciences. The focus of many veterinary curricula produces a veterinarian who meets the needs of the US pet owner. A void often exists in the knowledge and understanding of new veterinary graduates in the field of public practice and, in particular, public health. Students need to be able to find other learning environments and opportunities that help bridge this void. This article captures possible opportunities as best practices. Advising US veterinary students interested in public health and public health policy while considering these opportunities will help to enhance the likely experiences students have during their formal veterinary education. While no list of opportunities can be inclusive of all possibilities, the experiences listed here provide a solid foundation of options for students to include in the individualized aspects of their veterinary education.
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Chakraborty S, Sander WE, Allan BF, Andrade FCD. Retrospective Study of Kyasanur Forest Disease and Deaths among Nonhuman Primates, India, 1957-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1969-1973. [PMID: 34152964 PMCID: PMC8237885 DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.210463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tickborne hemorrhagic disease affecting primates along the Western Ghats mountain range in India. Our retrospective study indicated that >3,314 monkey deaths attributed to KFD were reported in KFD-endemic states in India during 1957–2020. These data can help guide surveillance to protect animal and human health.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cutaneous trunci reflex (CTR) in a population of neurologically abnormal cats in regard to age, body condition score (BCS), sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification. METHODS A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify cats with a history of neurologic disease undergoing a complete neurologic assessment between 24 September 2012 and 20 March 2019. CTR outcome (present, absent), signalment, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification were recorded. RESULTS A total of 182 cats were identified. The CTR was present in 118 cats (64.8%) and absent in 64 cats (35.2%). Statistical analysis revealed no association between CTR outcome and age, BCS, sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, non-spinal pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization or diagnostic classification. A significant association was found between spinal pain and CTR outcome (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that elicitation of the CTR in the cat can be unreliable. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to determine whether continued inclusion of the CTR in feline neurologic examinations is justified. Consideration of the reliability of the CTR is indicated, particularly in the context of fractious or anxious patients for which only a limited window for examination may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Paushter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Devon W Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kari D Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - William E Sander
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Allison SO, Eggleston-Ahearn AM, Courtney CJ, Hardy CD, Malbrue RA, Quammen JK, Sander WE, Swartz AA, Wexler SR, Zedek AS. Implementing wellness in the veterinary workplace. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:879-881. [PMID: 27700276 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.8.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gordon BC, Revenis AM, Bonifacino AC, Sander WE, Metzger ME, Krouse AE, Usherson TN, Donahue RE. Paradoxical drop in circulating neutrophil count following granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor administration in rhesus macaques. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:872-8. [PMID: 17533041 PMCID: PMC1949039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently used therapeutically to treat chronic or transient neutropenia and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells. Shortly following G-CSF administration, we observed a dramatic transient drop in circulating neutrophil number. This article characterizes this effect in a rhesus macaque animal model. METHODS Hematologic changes were monitored following subcutaneous (SQ) administration of G-CSF. G-CSF was administered as a single SQ dose at 10 microg/kg or 50 microg/kg. It was also administered (10 microg/kg) in combination with stem cell factor (SCF; 200 microg/kg) over 5 days. Flow cytometry was performed on serial blood samples to detect changes in cell surface adhesion protein expression. RESULTS Neutrophil count dramatically declined 30 minutes after G-CSF administration. This decline was observed whether 10 microg/kg G-CSF was administered in combination with SCF over 5 days, or given as a single 10 microg/kg dose. At a single 50 microg/kg dose, the decline accelerated to 15 minutes. Neutrophil count returned to baseline after 120 minutes and rapidly increased thereafter. An increase in CD11a and CD49d expression coincided with the drop in neutrophil count. CONCLUSION A transient paradoxical decline in neutrophil count was observed following administration of G-CSF either alone or in combination with SCF. This decline accelerated with the administration of a higher dose of G-CSF and was associated with an increase in CD11a and CD49d expression. It remains to be determined whether this decline in circulating neutrophils is associated with an increase in endothelial margination and/or entrance into extravascular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C Gordon
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Sander WE, Metzger ME, Morizono K, Bonifacino A, Penzak SR, Xie YM, Chen ISY, Bacon J, Sestrich SG, Szajek LP, Donahue RE. Noninvasive molecular imaging to detect transgene expression of lentiviral vector in nonhuman primates. J Nucl Med 2006; 47:1212-9. [PMID: 16818958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Noninvasive imaging of a reporter gene is a new and promising technique to quantify transgene expression after gene therapy. This study was performed to demonstrate visualization of lentiviral-marked cells by PET. METHODS We transduced nonhuman primate CD34+ hematopoietic cells with a lentiviral vector expressing a PET reporter gene, the mutant viral herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) gene. 1-(2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-76Br-5-bromouracil (76Br-FBAU) was used as the substrate for the viral tk enzyme. Upon phosphorylation, 76Br-FBAU was retained by cells and imaged by PET. The long half-life of 76Br, 16.2 h, permitted us to perform extended pharmacokinetic and imaging studies. RESULTS 76Br-FBAU was retained in vascular tissues of the animals with transplanted tk lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+ cells. Elimination of 76Br-FBAU was through renal and hepatic excretion. CONCLUSION Noninvasive molecular imaging using PET will help us, in the future, to define the contribution and distribution of cells and their progeny to tissue repair and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Sander
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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