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Qiu L, Mandal A, Morshed O, Meidenbauer MT, Girten W, Huo P, Vamivakas AN, Krauss TD. Molecular Polaritons Generated from Strong Coupling between CdSe Nanoplatelets and a Dielectric Optical Cavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5030-5038. [PMID: 34018749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of CdSe nanoplatelet (NPL) exciton-polaritons in a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity. The molecule-cavity hybrid system is in the strong coupling regime with an 83 meV Rabi splitting, characterized from angle-resolved reflectance and photoluminescence measurements. Mixed quantum-classical dynamics simulations are used to investigate the polariton photophysics of the hybrid system by treating the electronic and photonic degrees of freedom (DOF) quantum mechanically and the nuclear phononic DOF classically. Our numerical simulations of the angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) agree extremely well with the experimental data, providing a fundamental explanation of the asymmetric intensity distribution of the upper and lower polariton branches. Our results also provide mechanistic insights into the importance of phonon-assisted nonadiabatic transitions among polariton states, which are reflected in the various features of the PL spectra. This work proves the feasibility of coupling nanoplatelet electronic states with the photon states of a dielectric cavity to form a hybrid system and provides a new platform for investigating cavity-mediated physical and chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Qiu
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ovishek Morshed
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Mahilet T Meidenbauer
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William Girten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - A Nickolas Vamivakas
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Ryabov EV, Childers AK, Lopez D, Grubbs K, Posada-Florez F, Weaver D, Girten W, vanEngelsdorp D, Chen Y, Evans JD. Dynamic evolution in the key honey bee pathogen deformed wing virus: Novel insights into virulence and competition using reverse genetics. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000502. [PMID: 31600204 PMCID: PMC6805011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of invertebrate RNA virus population dynamics on virulence and infection outcomes are poorly understood. Deformed wing virus (DWV), the main viral pathogen of honey bees, negatively impacts bee health, which can lead to colony death. Despite previous reports on the reduction of DWV diversity following the arrival of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the key DWV vector, we found high genetic diversity of DWV in infested United States honey bee colonies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that divergent US DWV genotypes are of monophyletic origin and were likely generated as a result of diversification after a genetic bottleneck. To investigate the population dynamics of this divergent DWV, we designed a series of novel infectious cDNA clones corresponding to coexisting DWV genotypes, thereby devising a reverse-genetics system for an invertebrate RNA virus quasispecies. Equal replication rates were observed for all clone-derived DWV variants in single infections. Surprisingly, individual clones replicated to the same high levels as their mixtures and even the parental highly diverse natural DWV population, suggesting that complementation between genotypes was not required to replicate to high levels. Mixed clone–derived infections showed a lack of strong competitive exclusion, suggesting that the DWV genotypes were adapted to coexist. Mutational and recombination events were observed across clone progeny, providing new insights into the forces that drive and constrain virus diversification. Accordingly, our results suggest that Varroa influences DWV dynamics by causing an initial selective sweep, which is followed by virus diversification fueled by negative frequency-dependent selection for new genotypes. We suggest that this selection might reflect the ability of rare lineages to evade host defenses, specifically antiviral RNA interference (RNAi). In support of this hypothesis, we show that RNAi induced against one DWV strain is less effective against an alternate strain from the same population. Deformed wing virus, a key pathogen of honey bees, shows rapid diversification after genetic bottlenecks; a novel reverse-genetic system provides insights into the forces that shape virus diversity, suggesting that virus quasi-species diversification may be driven by selection of genotypes capable of evading host RNAi defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Ryabov
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Anna K. Childers
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dawn Lopez
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyle Grubbs
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francisco Posada-Florez
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Weaver
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- Beeweaver Apiaries, Navasota, Texas, United States of America
| | - William Girten
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dennis vanEngelsdorp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay D. Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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