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Bahou C, Spears RJ, Ramírez Rosales AM, Rochet LNC, Barber LJ, Stankevich KS, Miranda JF, Butcher TC, Kerrigan AM, Lazarov VK, Grey W, Chudasama V, Spicer CD. Hydrogel Cross-Linking via Thiol-Reactive Pyridazinediones. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4646-4652. [PMID: 37792488 PMCID: PMC10646975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-reactive Michael acceptors are commonly used for the formation of chemically cross-linked hydrogels. In this paper, we address the drawbacks of many Michael acceptors by introducing pyridazinediones as new cross-linking agents. Through the use of pyridazinediones and their mono- or dibrominated analogues, we show that the mechanical strength, swelling ratio, and rate of gelation can all be controlled in a pH-sensitive manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that the degradation of pyridazinedione-gels can be induced by the addition of thiols, thus providing a route to responsive or dynamic gels, and that monobromo-pyridazinedione gels are able to support the proliferation of human cells. We anticipate that our results will provide a valuable and complementary addition to the existing toolkit of cross-linking agents, allowing researchers to tune and rationally design the properties of biomedical hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Spears
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Angela M. Ramírez Rosales
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Léa N. C. Rochet
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Lydia J. Barber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Ksenia S. Stankevich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Juliana F. Miranda
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Tobias C. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Adam M. Kerrigan
- The
York JEOL Nanocentre, University of York, Heslington YO10 5BR, U.K.
| | - Vlado K. Lazarov
- School
of Physics, Engineering, and Technology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - William Grey
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
- York
Biomedical Research Institute, University
of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, U.K.
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2
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Tsutsumi N, Masoumi Z, James SC, Tucker JA, Winkelmann H, Grey W, Picton LK, Moss L, Wilson SC, Caveney NA, Jude KM, Gati C, Piehler J, Hitchcock IS, Garcia KC. Structure of the thrombopoietin-MPL receptor complex is a blueprint for biasing hematopoiesis. Cell 2023; 186:4189-4203.e22. [PMID: 37633268 PMCID: PMC10528194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO or TPO) is an essential cytokine for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and megakaryocyte differentiation. Here, we report the 3.4 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of the extracellular TPO-TPO receptor (TpoR or MPL) signaling complex, revealing the basis for homodimeric MPL activation and providing a structural rationalization for genetic loss-of-function thrombocytopenia mutations. The structure guided the engineering of TPO variants (TPOmod) with a spectrum of signaling activities, from neutral antagonists to partial- and super-agonists. Partial agonist TPOmod decoupled JAK/STAT from ERK/AKT/CREB activation, driving a bias for megakaryopoiesis and platelet production without causing significant HSC expansion in mice and showing superior maintenance of human HSCs in vitro. These data demonstrate the functional uncoupling of the two primary roles of TPO, highlighting the potential utility of TPOmod in hematology research and clinical HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sophie C James
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie A Tucker
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hauke Winkelmann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - William Grey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucie Moss
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven C Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ian S Hitchcock
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Grey W, Atkinson S, Rix B, Casado P, Ariza-McNaughton L, Hawley C, Sopoena ML, Bridge KS, Kent D, Cutillas PR, Bonnet D. The CKS1/CKS2 Proteostasis Axis Is Crucial to Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e853. [PMID: 36874381 PMCID: PMC9977483 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term hematopoietic stem cells are rare, highly quiescent stem cells of the hematopoietic system with life-long self-renewal potential and the ability to transplant and reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system of conditioned recipients. Most of our understanding of these rare cells has relied on cell surface identification, epigenetic, and transcriptomic analyses. Our knowledge of protein synthesis, folding, modification, and degradation-broadly termed protein homeostasis or "proteostasis"-in these cells is still in its infancy, with very little known about how the functional state of the proteome is maintained in hematopoietic stem cells. We investigated the requirement of the small phospho-binding adaptor proteins, the cyclin-dependent kinase subunits (CKS1 and CKS2), for maintaining ordered hematopoiesis and long-term hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution. CKS1 and CKS2 are best known for their roles in p27 degradation and cell cycle regulation, and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of Cks1 -/- and Cks2 -/- mice, we demonstrate regulation of key signaling pathways that govern hematopoietic stem cell biology including AKT, FOXO1, and NFκB, together balancing protein homeostasis and restraining reactive oxygen species to ensure healthy hematopoietic stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Atkinson
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Rix
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Casado
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cathy Hawley
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam L. Sopoena
- Bioinformatics Core, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S. Bridge
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - David Kent
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Grey W. WT1 β'ing catenin into shape: a new interaction driving epigenetic plasticity in acute myeloid leukemia? Haematologica 2023; 108:5-6. [PMID: 35443569 PMCID: PMC9827159 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York.
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5
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Rix B, Maduro AH, Bridge KS, Grey W. Markers for human haematopoietic stem cells: The disconnect between an identification marker and its function. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1009160. [PMID: 36246104 PMCID: PMC9564379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1009160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is a classical stem cell hierarchy that maintains all the blood cells in the body. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, highly potent cells that reside at the apex of this hierarchy and are historically some of the most well studied stem cells in humans and laboratory models, with haematopoiesis being the original system to define functional cell types by cell surface markers. Whilst it is possible to isolate HSCs to near purity, we know very little about the functional activity of markers to purify HSCs. This review will focus on the historical efforts to purify HSCs in humans based on cell surface markers, their putative functions and recent advances in finding functional markers on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William Grey
- *Correspondence: Katherine S. Bridge, ; William Grey,
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6
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Grey W, Rio-Machin A, Casado-Izquierdo P, Grönroos E, Ali S, Miettinen JJ, Bewicke-Copley F, Parsons A, Heckman CA, Swanton C, Cutillas P, Gribben J, Fitzgibbon J, Bonnet D. CKS1 inhibition depletes leukemic stem cells and protects healthy hematopoietic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn3248. [PMID: 35731890 PMCID: PMC7612983 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological disorder comprising a hierarchy of quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and proliferating blasts with limited self-renewal ability. AML has a dismal prognosis, with extremely low 2-year survival rates in the poorest cytogenetic risk patients, primarily due to the failure of intensive chemotherapy protocols to deplete LSCs and toxicity of therapy toward healthy hematopoietic cells. We studied the role of cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1)-dependent protein degradation in primary human AML and healthy hematopoiesis xenograft models in vivo. Using a small-molecule inhibitor (CKS1i), we demonstrate a dual role for CKS1-dependent protein degradation in reducing patient-derived AML blasts in vivo and, importantly, depleting LSCs, whereas inhibition of CKS1 has the opposite effect on normal hematopoiesis, protecting normal hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. Proteomic analysis of responses to CKS1i in our patient-derived xenograft mouse model demonstrate that inhibition of CKS1 in AML leads to hyperactivation of RAC1 and accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species, whereas healthy hematopoietic cells enter quiescence in response to CKS1i, protecting hematopoietic stem cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that CKS1-dependent proteostasis is a key vulnerability in malignant stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Pedro Casado-Izquierdo
- Cell signalling and proteomics group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer evolution and genome instability laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Sara Ali
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Juho J. Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Alun Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FINN, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer evolution and genome instability laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell signalling and proteomics group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - John Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart’s Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
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7
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Quaegebeur N, Saikouk H, Delisle J, Bilodeau M, Grey W, Pelletier B. Airborne ultrasound transmission through circular damages in polymer plates. Ultrasonics 2022; 118:106557. [PMID: 34509048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer tanks made of Polypropylene (PP) sub-assemblies are commonly used for their ease of formability, surface and optical quality. The tightness of an assembly is classically assessed by pressurizing the vessel and measuring a pressure drop after a given period. In order to avoid this long and imprecise method, active ultrasound methods can be envisioned, but should be carefully designed in order to derive the proper transducer configurations, frequencies and assess the performances of the method in terms of repeatability and detectability. In this article, a thermoviscous Finite Element Model (FEM) is derived in order to predict the effect of realistic damages on the measured transmitted acoustic field in bonded polymer joints. Three damage scenarios are considered, namely through holes, flat-bottom holes and internal voids that may impair the tightness and durability of a polymer assembly. Numerical results in terms of on-axis sound pressure spectra and directivity diagrams are presented and verified experimentally on a flat panel. These results allow the derivation of design rules for the active inspection of polymer jointed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Quaegebeur
- GAUS, Dept Génie Mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K2R1, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada.
| | - Hajar Saikouk
- GAUS, Dept Génie Mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K2R1, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada
| | - Jonathan Delisle
- GAUS, Dept Génie Mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K2R1, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada
| | - Maxime Bilodeau
- GAUS, Dept Génie Mécanique, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K2R1, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada
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8
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Huerga Encabo H, Grey W, Garcia-Albornoz M, Wood H, Ulferts R, Aramburu IV, Kulasekararaj AG, Mufti G, Papayannopoulos V, Beale R, Bonnet D. Human Erythroid Progenitors Are Directly Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Emerging Erythropoiesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:428-436. [PMID: 33581053 PMCID: PMC7862909 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We document here that intensive care COVID-19 patients suffer a profound decline in hemoglobin levels but show an increase of circulating nucleated red cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection either directly or indirectly induces stress erythropoiesis. We show that ACE2 expression peaks during erythropoiesis and renders erythroid progenitors vulnerable to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Early erythroid progenitors, defined as CD34-CD117+CD71+CD235a-, show the highest levels of ACE2 and constitute the primary target cell to be infected during erythropoiesis. SARS-CoV-2 causes the expansion of colony formation by erythroid progenitors and can be detected in these cells after 2 weeks of the initial infection. Our findings constitute the first report of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in erythroid progenitor cells and can contribute to understanding both the clinical symptoms of severe COVID-19 patients and how the virus can spread through the circulation to produce local inflammation in tissues, including the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Huerga Encabo
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Grey
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Manuel Garcia-Albornoz
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Henry Wood
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Iker Valle Aramburu
- Antimicrobial Defense Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Ghulam Mufti
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | | | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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9
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Grey W, Chauhan R, Piganeau M, Huerga Encabo H, Garcia-Albornoz M, McDonald NQ, Bonnet D. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET improves long-term hematopoietic stem cell outgrowth and potency. Blood 2020; 136:2535-2547. [PMID: 32589703 PMCID: PMC7714096 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a rapidly advancing field showing great promise for clinical applications. Recent evidence has implicated the nervous system and glial family ligands (GFLs) as potential drivers of hematopoietic survival and self-renewal in the bone marrow niche; how to apply this process to HSC maintenance and expansion has yet to be explored. We show a role for the GFL receptor, RET, at the cell surface of HSCs in mediating sustained cellular growth, resistance to stress, and improved cell survival throughout in vitro expansion. HSCs treated with the key RET ligand/coreceptor complex, glial-derived neurotrophic factor and its coreceptor, exhibit improved progenitor function at primary transplantation and improved long-term HSC function at secondary transplantation. Finally, we show that RET drives a multifaceted intracellular signaling pathway, including key signaling intermediates protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, NF-κB, and p53, responsible for a wide range of cellular and genetic responses that improve cell growth and survival under culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grey
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory and
| | - R Chauhan
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | | | - N Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Bonnet
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory and
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10
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Pospori C, Grey W, Gibson S, Gonzalez-Anton S, Williams T, Georgiou C, Birch F, Haltalli M, Skoufou-Papoutsaki MN, Stevens G, Sloan K, Khorshed R, Hearn-Yeates F, Hopkins J, Christodoulidou C, Stampoulis D, Stauss H, Chakraverty R, Bonnet D, Celso CL. 3122 – DYNAMIC REGULATION OF HIERARCHICAL HETEROGENEITY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA, SERVES AS A TUMOUR IMMUNOEVASION MECHANISM. Exp Hematol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Morales Torres C, Wu MY, Hobor S, Wainwright EN, Martin MJ, Patel H, Grey W, Grönroos E, Howell S, Carvalho J, Snijders AP, Bustin M, Bonnet D, Smith PD, Swanton C, Howell M, Scaffidi P. Selective inhibition of cancer cell self-renewal through a Quisinostat-histone H1.0 axis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1792. [PMID: 32286289 PMCID: PMC7156485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cancer growth is driven by subsets of self-renewing malignant cells. Targeting of uncontrolled self-renewal through inhibition of stem cell-related signaling pathways has proven challenging. Here, we show that cancer cells can be selectively deprived of self-renewal ability by interfering with their epigenetic state. Re-expression of histone H1.0, a tumor-suppressive factor that inhibits cancer cell self-renewal in many cancer types, can be broadly induced by the clinically well-tolerated compound Quisinostat. Through H1.0, Quisinostat inhibits cancer cell self-renewal and halts tumor maintenance without affecting normal stem cell function. Quisinostat also hinders expansion of cells surviving targeted therapy, independently of the cancer types and the resistance mechanism, and inhibits disease relapse in mouse models of lung cancer. Our results identify H1.0 as a major mediator of Quisinostat's antitumor effect and suggest that sequential administration of targeted therapy and Quisinostat may be a broadly applicable strategy to induce a prolonged response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Y Wu
- High-Throughput Screening, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sebastijan Hobor
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Harshil Patel
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Grey
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steven Howell
- Proteomics, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Experimental Histopathology, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Michael Bustin
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paul D Smith
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High-Throughput Screening, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paola Scaffidi
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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12
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Marquis M, Beaubois C, Lavallée VP, Abrahamowicz M, Danieli C, Lemieux S, Ahmad I, Wei A, Ting SB, Fleming S, Schwarer A, Grimwade D, Grey W, Hills RK, Vyas P, Russell N, Sauvageau G, Hébert J. Correction: High expression of HMGA2 independently predicts poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:28. [PMID: 30820024 PMCID: PMC6395678 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the original article the authors noticed the the affiliation details for Paresh Vyas are incorrect. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marquis
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cyrielle Beaubois
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Coraline Danieli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew Wei
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shaun Fleming
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Grimwade
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
| | - William Grey
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert K Hills
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Haematology, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital (City Hospital Campus), Nottingham, UK
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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13
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Marquis M, Beaubois C, Lavallée VP, Abrahamowicz M, Danieli C, Lemieux S, Ahmad I, Wei A, Ting SB, Fleming S, Schwarer A, Grimwade D, Grey W, Hills RK, Vyas P, Russell N, Sauvageau G, Hébert J. High expression of HMGA2 independently predicts poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:68. [PMID: 30061630 PMCID: PMC6066481 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), risk stratification based on cytogenetics and mutation profiling is essential but remains insufficient to select the optimal therapy. Accurate biomarkers are needed to improve prognostic assessment. We analyzed RNA sequencing and survival data of 430 AML patients and identified HMGA2 as a novel prognostic marker. We validated a quantitative PCR test to study the association of HMGA2 expression with clinical outcomes in 358 AML samples. In this training cohort, HMGA2 was highly expressed in 22.3% of AML, mostly in patients with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics. High expression levels of HMGA2 (H + ) were associated with a lower frequency of complete remission (58.8% vs 83.4%, P < 0.001), worse 3-year overall survival (OS, 13.2% vs 43.5%, P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS, 10.8% vs 44.2%, P < 0.001). A positive HMGA2 test also identified a subgroup of patients unresponsive to standard treatments. Multivariable analyses showed that H + was independently associated with significantly worse OS and RFS, including in the intermediate cytogenetic risk category. These associations were confirmed in a validation cohort of 260 patient samples from the UK NCRI AML17 trial. The HMGA2 test could be implemented in clinical trials developing novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marquis
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cyrielle Beaubois
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Coraline Danieli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew Wei
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shaun Fleming
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Grimwade
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
| | - William Grey
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert K Hills
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Haematology, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital (City Hospital Campus), Nottingham, UK
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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14
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Marquis M, Beaubois C, Lavallée VP, Abrahamowicz M, Danieli C, Lemieux S, Ahmad I, Wei A, Ting SB, Fleming S, Schwarer A, Grimwade D, Grey W, Hills RK, Vyas P, Russell N, Sauvageau G, Hébert J. High expression of HMGA2 independently predicts poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2018. [PMID: 30061630 DOI: 10.1038/s41408‐018‐0103‐6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), risk stratification based on cytogenetics and mutation profiling is essential but remains insufficient to select the optimal therapy. Accurate biomarkers are needed to improve prognostic assessment. We analyzed RNA sequencing and survival data of 430 AML patients and identified HMGA2 as a novel prognostic marker. We validated a quantitative PCR test to study the association of HMGA2 expression with clinical outcomes in 358 AML samples. In this training cohort, HMGA2 was highly expressed in 22.3% of AML, mostly in patients with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics. High expression levels of HMGA2 (H + ) were associated with a lower frequency of complete remission (58.8% vs 83.4%, P < 0.001), worse 3-year overall survival (OS, 13.2% vs 43.5%, P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS, 10.8% vs 44.2%, P < 0.001). A positive HMGA2 test also identified a subgroup of patients unresponsive to standard treatments. Multivariable analyses showed that H + was independently associated with significantly worse OS and RFS, including in the intermediate cytogenetic risk category. These associations were confirmed in a validation cohort of 260 patient samples from the UK NCRI AML17 trial. The HMGA2 test could be implemented in clinical trials developing novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marquis
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cyrielle Beaubois
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Coraline Danieli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew Wei
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shaun Fleming
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Grimwade
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK
| | - William Grey
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert K Hills
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK.,Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Haematology, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group, Cardiff, UK.,Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital (City Hospital Campus), Nottingham, UK
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada. .,The Leucegene project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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15
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Abarrategi A, Mian SA, Passaro D, Rouault-Pierre K, Grey W, Bonnet D. Modeling the human bone marrow niche in mice: From host bone marrow engraftment to bioengineering approaches. J Exp Med 2018; 215:729-743. [PMID: 29453226 PMCID: PMC5839768 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of patient-derived samples in mouse models has been instrumental in depicting the role of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the establishment as well as progression of hematological malignancies. The foundations for this field of research have been based on the development of immunodeficient mouse models, which provide normal and malignant human hematopoietic cells with a supportive microenvironment. Immunosuppressed and genetically modified mice expressing human growth factors were key milestones in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, highlighting the importance of developing humanized microenvironments. The latest major improvement has been the use of human bone marrow (BM) niche-forming cells to generate human-mouse chimeric BM tissues in PDXs, which can shed light on the interactions between human stroma and hematopoietic cells. Here, we summarize the methods used for human hematopoietic cell xenotransplantation and their milestones and review the latest approaches in generating humanized BM tissues in mice to study human normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Abarrategi
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Syed A Mian
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Diana Passaro
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, UK
| | - William Grey
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
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16
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Grey W, Ivey A, Milne TA, Haferlach T, Grimwade D, Uhlmann F, Voisset E, Yu V. The Cks1/Cks2 axis fine-tunes Mll1 expression and is crucial for MLL-rearranged leukaemia cell viability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018; 1865:105-116. [PMID: 28939057 PMCID: PMC5701546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cdc28 protein kinase subunits, Cks1 and Cks2, play dual roles in Cdk-substrate specificity and Cdk-independent protein degradation, in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes SCFSkp2 and APCCdc20. Notable targets controlled by Cks include p27 and Cyclin A. Here, we demonstrate that Cks1 and Cks2 proteins interact with both the MllN and MllC subunits of Mll1 (Mixed-lineage leukaemia 1), and together, the Cks proteins define Mll1 levels throughout the cell cycle. Overexpression of CKS1B and CKS2 is observed in multiple human cancers, including various MLL-rearranged (MLLr) AML subtypes. To explore the importance of MLL-Fusion Protein regulation by CKS1/2, we used small molecule inhibitors (MLN4924 and C1) to modulate their protein degradation functions. These inhibitors specifically reduced the proliferation of MLLr cell lines compared to primary controls. Altogether, this study uncovers a novel regulatory pathway for MLL1, which may open a new therapeutic approach to MLLr leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Adam Ivey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Veronica Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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17
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Di Tullio A, Rouault-Pierre K, Abarrategi A, Mian S, Grey W, Gribben J, Stewart A, Blackwood E, Bonnet D. The combination of CHK1 inhibitor with G-CSF overrides cytarabine resistance in human acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1679. [PMID: 29162833 PMCID: PMC5698422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytarabine (AraC) represents the most effective single agent treatment for AML. Nevertheless, overriding AraC resistance in AML remains an unmet medical need. Here we show that the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) GDC-0575 enhances AraC-mediated killing of AML cells both in vitro and in vivo, thus abrogating any potential chemoresistance mechanisms involving DNA repair. Importantly, this combination of drugs does not affect normal long-term hematopoietic stem/progenitors. Moreover, the addition of CHK1i to AraC does not generate de novo mutations and in patients' samples where AraC is mutagenic, addition of CHK1i appears to eliminate the generation of mutant clones. Finally, we observe that persistent residual leukemic cells are quiescent and can become responsive to the treatment when forced into cycle via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. This drug combination (AraC+CHK1i+G-CSF) will open the doors for a more efficient treatment of AML in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- HL-60 Cells
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation/drug effects
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Pyridines/administration & dosage
- Pyrroles/administration & dosage
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Tullio
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Syed Mian
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- King's College London School of Medicine, Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - William Grey
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatic Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | | | - Dominique Bonnet
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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18
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Grey W, Hulse R, Yakovleva A, Genkova D, Whitelaw B, Solomon E, Diaz-Cano SJ, Izatt L. The RET E616Q Variant is a Gain of Function Mutation Present in a Family with Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2A. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:41-48. [PMID: 27704398 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-016-9451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in growth and differentiation during embryogenesis and maintenance of the urogenital and nervous systems in mammals. Distinct mutations across hotspot RET exons can cause Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) characterised by development of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), phaeochromocytoma (PCC) and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), with a strong correlation between genotype and phenotype. Here, we report a 42-year-old man presented in the clinic with a unilateral PCC, with subsequent investigations revealing a nodular and cystic thyroid gland. He proceeded to thyroidectomy, which showed bilateral C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) without evidence of MTC. His brother had neonatal Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Genetic testing revealed the presence of a heterozygous variant of unknown significance (VUS) in the cysteine-rich region of exon 10 in the RET gene (c.1846G>C, p.E616Q), in both affected siblings and their unaffected mother. Exon 10 RET mutations are known to be associated with HSCR and MEN2. Variants in the cysteine-rich region of the RET gene, outside of the key cysteine residues, may contribute to the development of MEN2 in a less aggressive manner, with a lower penetrance of MTC. Currently, a VUS in RET cannot be used to inform clinical management and direct future care. Analysis of RETE616Q reveals a gain of function mutant phenotype for this variant, which has not previously been reported, indicating that this VUS should be considered at risk for future clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosaline Hulse
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dilyana Genkova
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ellen Solomon
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Louise Izatt
- Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Kukalev A, Ng YM, Ju L, Saidi A, Lane S, Mondragon A, Dormann D, Walker SE, Grey W, Ho PWL, Stephens DN, Carr AM, Lamsa K, Tse E, Yu VPCC. Deficiency of Cks1 Leads to Learning and Long-Term Memory Defects and p27 Dependent Formation of Neuronal Cofilin Aggregates. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:11-23. [PMID: 28365778 PMCID: PMC5939225 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In mitotic cells, the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) subunit protein CKS1 regulates S phase entry by mediating degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27. Although mature neurons lack mitotic CDKs, we found that CKS1 was actively expressed in post-mitotic neurons of the adult hippocampus. Interestingly, Cks1 knockout (Cks1-/-) mice exhibited poor long-term memory, and diminished maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampal circuits. Furthermore, there was neuronal accumulation of cofilin-actin rods or cofilin aggregates, which are associated with defective dendritic spine maturation and synaptic loss. We further demonstrated that it was the increased p27 level that activated cofilin by suppressing the RhoA kinase-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation of cofilin, resulting in the formation of cofilin aggregates in the Cks1-/- neuronal cells. Consistent with reports that the peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase PIN1 competes with CKS1 for p27 binding, we found that inhibition of PIN1 diminished the formation of cofilin aggregates through decreasing p27 levels, thereby activating RhoA and increasing cofilin phosphorylation. Our results revealed that CKS1 is involved in normal glutamatergic synapse development and dendritic spine maturation in adult hippocampus through modulating p27 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kukalev
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Dynamics Group
,
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre
,
Imperial College Hammersmith Campus
,
London W12 0NN
,
UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
,
King's College London School of Medicine
,
Guy's Hospital
,
Great Maze Pond
,
London SE1 9RT
,
UK
- Current address:
Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group
,
Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine
,
Robert-Rössle Strasse
,
Berlin-Buch 13125
,
Germany
| | - Yiu-Ming Ng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
,
King's College London School of Medicine
,
Guy's Hospital
,
Great Maze Pond
,
London SE1 9RT
,
UK
- Division of Haematology
,
Department of Medicine
,
The University of Hong Kong
,
Hong Kong
| | - Limei Ju
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre
,
School of Life Sciences
,
University of Sussex
,
Falmer, Sussex BN1 9RQ
,
UK
| | - Amal Saidi
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre
,
School of Life Sciences
,
University of Sussex
,
Falmer, Sussex BN1 9RQ
,
UK
| | - Sophie Lane
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Dynamics Group
,
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre
,
Imperial College Hammersmith Campus
,
London W12 0NN
,
UK
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Dynamics Group
,
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre
,
Imperial College Hammersmith Campus
,
London W12 0NN
,
UK
| | - Dirk Dormann
- Microscopy Facility
,
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre
,
Imperial College Hammersmith Campus
,
London W12 0NN
,
UK
| | - Sophie E. Walker
- School of Psychology
,
University of Sussex
,
Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG
,
UK
| | - William Grey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
,
King's College London School of Medicine
,
Guy's Hospital
,
Great Maze Pond
,
London SE1 9RT
,
UK
| | - Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology
,
Department of Medicine
,
University of Hong Kong
,
Hong Kong
| | - David N. Stephens
- School of Psychology
,
University of Sussex
,
Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG
,
UK
| | - Antony M. Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre
,
School of Life Sciences
,
University of Sussex
,
Falmer, Sussex BN1 9RQ
,
UK
| | - Karri Lamsa
- Department of Pharmacology
,
Oxford University
,
Oxford OX1 3QT
,
UK
- Current address:
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience
,
University of Szeged
,
Közép fasor 52
,
Szeged H-6726,Hungary
| | - Eric Tse
- Division of Haematology
,
Department of Medicine
,
The University of Hong Kong
,
Hong Kong
| | - Veronica P. C. C. Yu
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Dynamics Group
,
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre
,
Imperial College Hammersmith Campus
,
London W12 0NN
,
UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
,
King's College London School of Medicine
,
Guy's Hospital
,
Great Maze Pond
,
London SE1 9RT
,
UK
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Asaad A, Kakwani R, Townshend D, Hutt NJ, Grey W. Does the Learning Curve of Minimally Invasive Chevron and Akin Osteotomies Affect Outcome of Hallux Valgus Correction? Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011416s00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Minimally invasive chevron and akin osteotomy (MICA) has become increasingly popular in the correction of hallux valgus deformity. This study compared the radiological outcomes of the first cases performed by 2 surgeons using this technique with open scarf and akin osteotomy Methods: A retrospective review of hallux valgus corrections performed in Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust between March and September 2014. Consecutive patients who underwent MICA correction by 2 surgeons trained on a cadaveric course were compared with a group of patients with mild to moderate deformity that underwent open scarf correction. Pre and post radiographic assessment was performed measuring the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and medial sesamoid position (MTS) using Hardy and Clapham classification. Radiographic measurements where statistically compared for difference and complications were recorded. Results: 14 MICA procedures were identified and compared with 14 scarf procedures. Average age of the MICA group was 46 vs. 55 for the scarf group. Pre operative radiographic measurements showed no statistical difference between MICA vs. scarf: Mean HVA 26.9 vs. 28.2 degrees (p 0.698), mean IMA 14.7 vs. 15.3 degrees (p 0.512) and mean MTS grade 5 vs. 5.5 (p 0.251). Change in these parameters between MICA vs. scarf also did not show any statistical difference: Mean HVA change 17.2 vs. 19.2 degrees (p 0.396), mean IMA change 8.5 vs. 8.1 degrees (p 0.680) and mean MTS grade change 2.6 vs.3.2 (p 0.149). In the MICA group, 1 procedure was converted to open and post operatively 1 screw was removed due to length. In the scarf group 1 patient developed a superficial infection that resolved with antibiotics and 1 prominent screw for akin osteotomy required removal. Conclusion: Early experience of MICA resulted in similar outcomes and complications compared with open scarf and akin osteotomy.
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Mifsud B, Tavares-Cadete F, Young AN, Sugar R, Schoenfelder S, Ferreira L, Wingett SW, Andrews S, Grey W, Ewels PA, Herman B, Happe S, Higgs A, LeProust E, Follows GA, Fraser P, Luscombe NM, Osborne CS. Mapping long-range promoter contacts in human cells with high-resolution capture Hi-C. Nat Genet 2015; 47:598-606. [PMID: 25938943 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional control in large genomes often requires looping interactions between distal DNA elements, such as enhancers and target promoters. Current chromosome conformation capture techniques do not offer sufficiently high resolution to interrogate these regulatory interactions on a genomic scale. Here we use Capture Hi-C (CHi-C), an adapted genome conformation assay, to examine the long-range interactions of almost 22,000 promoters in 2 human blood cell types. We identify over 1.6 million shared and cell type-restricted interactions spanning hundreds of kilobases between promoters and distal loci. Transcriptionally active genes contact enhancer-like elements, whereas transcriptionally inactive genes interact with previously uncharacterized elements marked by repressive features that may act as long-range silencers. Finally, we show that interacting loci are enriched for disease-associated SNPs, suggesting how distal mutations may disrupt the regulation of relevant genes. This study provides new insights and accessible tools to dissect the regulatory interactions that underlie normal and aberrant gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbala Mifsud
- 1] The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. [2] UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alice N Young
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Lauren Ferreira
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Grey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Philip A Ewels
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bram Herman
- Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Scott Happe
- Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Andy Higgs
- Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Emily LeProust
- Diagnostics and Genomics Division, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - George A Follows
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- 1] The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. [2] UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK. [3] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cameron S Osborne
- 1] Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Grey W, Izatt L, Sahraoui W, Ng YM, Ogilvie C, Hulse A, Tse E, Holic R, Yu V. Deficiency of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1B, results in overgrowth and neurodevelopmental delay. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:864-8. [PMID: 23505216 PMCID: PMC3708111 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1B, have been described in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), a cancer predisposition syndrome with adult onset neoplasia and no additional phenotypes. Here, we describe the first human case of CDKN1B deficiency, which recapitulates features of the murine CDKN1B knockout mouse model, including gigantism and neurodevelopmental defects. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of CDKN1B were confirmed in the proband's peripheral blood, which is not seen in MEN syndrome patients. We ascribed the decreased protein level to a maternally derived deletion on chromosome 12p13 encompassing the CDKN1B locus (which reduced mRNA expression) and a de novo allelic variant (c.-73G>A) in the CDKN1B promoter (which reduced protein translation). We propose a recessive model where decreased dosage of CDKN1B during development in humans results in a neuronal phenotype akin to that described in mice, placing CDKN1B as a candidate gene involved in developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
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Grey W, Hall W, Carter A. Persons and personification. Am J Bioeth 2007; 7:57-8; discussion W1-4. [PMID: 17366169 DOI: 10.1080/15265160601064264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Grey W. Design constraints for the post-human future. Monash Bioeth Rev 2005; 24:10-9. [PMID: 16208842 DOI: 10.1007/bf03351431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A variety of objections to human germ-line genetic engineering have been raised, such as the claim that we ought not to place individuals at significant risk without their consent. It has also been argued that it is paternalistically objectionable to confer significant benefits on individuals without their consent. As well as imposing risk of harm to non-consenting parties, there is the risk of harm to others. This paper evaluates these and related objections to germ-line genetic engineering. While a complete prohibition on human germ-line genetic engineering is rejected it is argued that acceptable germ-line engineering (a) should at least expand and enrich rather than restrict and constrain the choices for individuals affected, and (b) should not seek to change basic human dispositions and values ('human nature').
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- School of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics, University of Queensland, Australia
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Grey W, Katircioglu K, Bagchi S, Shi D, Gallego G, Seybold D, Stefanis S. An analytic approach for quantifying the value of e-business initiatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1147/sj.423.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Grey W. Guest Editor’s Introduction. Business and Professional Ethics Journal 2001. [DOI: 10.5840/bpej200120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Argument about euthanasia in Australia intensified following the world's first legal euthanasia death of Bob Dent under the Northern Territory's short-lived Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995. This paper takes stock of the implacably opposed positions on euthanasia following Bob Dent's death, which provides a focus for the controversy, and identifies the key doctrines which separate adversaries in the euthanasia debate and their associated incommensurable intuitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grey
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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Tomka I, Grey W. [Patterns of interaction in human frontal cortex]. Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1968; 54:761-7. [PMID: 5729652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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