1
|
Bonner WIA, Weiler R, Orisatoki R, Lu X, Andkhoie M, Ramsay D, Yaghoubi M, Steeves M, Szafron M, Farag M. Determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older and policy implications. Int J Equity Health 2017. [PMID: 28587654 DOI: 10.1186/s12939‐017‐0595‐x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived health status indicates people's overall perception of their health, including both physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2010). METHODS Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with self-perceived health in two age groups: Adults aged 65+ and Adults aged 40-64. RESULTS We found that higher income was significantly associated with better health status while chronic conditions and stress were associated with worse health status. In the 40-64 and 65+ age groups, individuals in the highest income bracket were 4.65 and 1.94 times, respectively, more likely to report better health than individuals in the lowest income bracket. The difference in the level of income associated health inequities between the two age groups point to the need for understanding the reasons behind lower inequities among seniors and how much the social protections provided by the Canadian government to seniors contribute to lowering inequities. CONCLUSIONS Though Canada has a national public health insurance system providing coverage to all Canadians, health inequities associated with income persist providing further evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health. Examining the extent of these inequities and what factors influence them helps direct policy attention. In addition to documenting inequities, this paper discusses policy options for reducing the identified inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Ian Andrew Bonner
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert Weiler
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Rotimi Orisatoki
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xinya Lu
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonner WIA, Weiler R, Orisatoki R, Lu X, Andkhoie M, Ramsay D, Yaghoubi M, Steeves M, Szafron M, Farag M. Determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older and policy implications. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28587654 PMCID: PMC5461772 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived health status indicates people's overall perception of their health, including both physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of self-perceived health for Canadians aged 40 and older using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2010). METHODS Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with self-perceived health in two age groups: Adults aged 65+ and Adults aged 40-64. RESULTS We found that higher income was significantly associated with better health status while chronic conditions and stress were associated with worse health status. In the 40-64 and 65+ age groups, individuals in the highest income bracket were 4.65 and 1.94 times, respectively, more likely to report better health than individuals in the lowest income bracket. The difference in the level of income associated health inequities between the two age groups point to the need for understanding the reasons behind lower inequities among seniors and how much the social protections provided by the Canadian government to seniors contribute to lowering inequities. CONCLUSIONS Though Canada has a national public health insurance system providing coverage to all Canadians, health inequities associated with income persist providing further evidence of the importance of the social determinants of health. Examining the extent of these inequities and what factors influence them helps direct policy attention. In addition to documenting inequities, this paper discusses policy options for reducing the identified inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Ian Andrew Bonner
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Robert Weiler
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Rotimi Orisatoki
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Xinya Lu
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Dana Ramsay
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Mohsen Yaghoubi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Room 3334, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafferty E, Bonner WIA, Code J, McBride K, Andkhoie M, Tikoo R, McClean S, Dell C, Szafron M, Farag M. Factors influencing risky single occasion drinking in Canada and policy implications. Arch Public Health 2017; 75:22. [PMID: 28515907 PMCID: PMC5430596 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misuse of alcohol, including single risky occasion drinking (RSOD) is associated with a number of health, social and economic consequences. While research demonstrates that many factors contribute to individuals' drinking practices, little is known about risk factors that contribute to RSOD in the Canadian population. The objectives of this study are to examine the patterns of RSOD in Canada, to identify factors associated with RSOD, and to explore policy implications. METHODS The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2009-2010 annual component was used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. We used two models: (1) a binary logistic regression model, and (2) a multinomial logistic regression model, to identify factors that were significantly associated with our dependent variables, RSOD engagement and frequency of RSOD, respectively. RESULTS Daily smokers were 6.20 times more likely to engage in frequent RSOD than those who never smoke. Males were 4.69 times more likely to engage in risky RSOD. We also found significant associations between the frequency of RSOD and Province/Territory of residence, income and education, marital status and perceived health status. Finally, stress was associated with engaging in infrequent RSOD. CONCLUSIONS Our finding associating daily smoking with risk alcohol intake specifically suggests the possibility of combining public health interventions for both. The study findings also indicate that education is a protective factor, further supporting the role of education as a major determinant of health. The significant provincial variation we found also point to the need to study this issue further and understand the links between provincial level policies and RSOD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rafferty
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | | | - Jillian Code
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Keely McBride
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Mustafa Andkhoie
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Richa Tikoo
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Stephanie McClean
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Colleen Dell
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, 1019 - 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada
| | - Michael Szafron
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|