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Levine DA, Uy V, Krief W, Bornstein C, Daswani D, Patel D, Kriegel M, Jamal N, Patel K, Liang T, Arroyo A, Strother C, Lim CA, Langhan ML, Hassoun A, Chamdawala H, Kaplan CP, Waseem M, Tay ET, Mortel D, Sivitz AB, Kelly C, Lee HJ, Qiu Y, Gorelik M, Platt SL, Dayan P. Predicting Delayed Shock in Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children: A Multicenter Analysis From the New York City Tri-State Region. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:555-561. [PMID: 36811547 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with multisystem inflammatory disease in children (MIS-C) are at risk of developing shock. Our objectives were to determine independent predictors associated with development of delayed shock (≥3 hours from emergency department [ED] arrival) in patients with MIS-C and to derive a model predicting those at low risk for delayed shock. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 22 pediatric EDs in the New York City tri-state area. We included patients meeting World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C and presented April 1 to June 30, 2020. Our main outcomes were to determine the association between clinical and laboratory factors to the development of delayed shock and to derive a laboratory-based prediction model based on identified independent predictors. RESULTS Of 248 children with MIS-C, 87 (35%) had shock and 58 (66%) had delayed shock. A C-reactive protein (CRP) level greater than 20 mg/dL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-12.1), lymphocyte percent less than 11% (aOR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.7-8.6), and platelet count less than 220,000/uL (aOR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8-9.8) were independently associated with delayed shock. A prediction model including a CRP level less than 6 mg/dL, lymphocyte percent more than 20%, and platelet count more than 260,000/uL, categorized patients with MIS-C at low risk of developing delayed shock (sensitivity 93% [95% CI, 66-100], specificity 38% [95% CI, 22-55]). CONCLUSIONS Serum CRP, lymphocyte percent, and platelet count differentiated children at higher and lower risk for developing delayed shock. Use of these data can stratify the risk of progression to shock in patients with MIS-C, providing situational awareness and helping guide their level of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Levine
- From the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Vincent Uy
- From the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - William Krief
- Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine/Cohen's Children's Medical Center, Queens
| | - Cara Bornstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine/Cohen's Children's Medical Center, Queens
| | - Dina Daswani
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital/Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY
| | - Darshan Patel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital/Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY
| | - Marni Kriegel
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Nazreen Jamal
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Valegos College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Kavita Patel
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Tian Liang
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Alexander Arroyo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn
| | - Christopher Strother
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Czer Anthoney Lim
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Melissa L Langhan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT
| | - Ameer Hassoun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens/Weill Cornell Medicine, Flushing
| | - Haamid Chamdawala
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Hospital Center/North Central Bronx Hospital, The Bronx
| | - Carl Philip Kaplan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Lincoln Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, The Bronx
| | - Ee Tein Tay
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center
| | - David Mortel
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, New York
| | - Adam B Sivitz
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center/Children's Hospital of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Christopher Kelly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn
| | | | | | | | - Shari L Platt
- From the Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - Peter Dayan
- Emergency Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Valegos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Kahne K, Krief W, Victoria P, Dumont O. 255 Delivery of Epinephrine by Metered-Dose Inhaler for the Treatment of Croup in Children. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Leibowitz J, Krief W, Barone S, Williamson KA, Goenka PK, Rai S, Moriarty S, Baodhankar P, Rubin LG. Comparison of Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Young Febrile Infants with and without Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection. J Pediatr 2021; 229:41-47.e1. [PMID: 33045235 PMCID: PMC7546714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine features that distinguish febrile young infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective single-center study included febrile infants <57 days of age evaluated in the emergency department of Cohen Children's Medical Center of Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, from March 1 to April 30 of 2018, 2019, and 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical features were compared between those seen during the 2020 coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and previous years, as well as between infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection and infants without SARS-CoV-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2 negative or evaluated during 2018 and 2019). RESULTS In all, 124 febrile infants <57 days of age were identified; 38 during the 2-month study period in 2018, 33 in 2019, and 53 in 2020. During 2020, fewer febrile infants had a serious bacterial infection or a positive respiratory viral panel than in prior years (6% vs 21% [P = .02]; 15% vs 53% [P < .001], respectively). SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequent pathogen detected in 2020; of 30 infants tested, 20 tested positive. Infants with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to identify as Hispanic (P = .004), have public insurance or be uninsured (P = .01), exhibited lethargy (P = .02), had feeding difficulties (P = .002), and had lower white blood cell (P = .001), neutrophil (P < .001), and lymphocyte counts (P = .005) than the 81 infants without SARS-CoV-2 infection. None of the infants with SARS-CoV-2 had concurrent serious bacterial infection or detection of another virus. Overall, disease in infants with SARS-CoV-2 was mild. CONCLUSIONS During the peak of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 was the predominant pathogen among febrile infants. Socioeconomic, historical, and laboratory features differed significantly between infants infected or not infected with SARS-CoV-2. None of the 20 infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an identified coviral or serious bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Leibowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY.
| | - William Krief
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY
| | - Stephen Barone
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY
| | - Kristy A. Williamson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY
| | - Pratichi K. Goenka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY
| | - Shipra Rai
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Shannon Moriarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Prachi Baodhankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Lorry G. Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY
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El-Hallal M, Shah Y, Nath M, Eksambe P, Theroux L, Amlicke M, Steele F, Krief W, Kothare S. Length of stay linked to neurodiagnostic workup for seizures presenting to the pediatric emergency department. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107639. [PMID: 33378722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department (ED) often undergo unnecessary testing that leads to prolonged ED visits. Lower ED length of stay has been linked to improved patient experience and may reduce ED overcrowding, a costly burden on a health system. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study involving patient records over the period of 6 months at an urban tertiary children's hospital who presented with seizures. Febrile seizures, seizures associated with trauma, and charts of patients who did not present initially through our ED were excluded. RESULTS 328 charts were obtained through this search criteria. Head imaging was performed in 52 (16%) patients and consisted of 81% CT (n = 42) and 19% (n = 10) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Obtaining an MRI was associated with a 3.5 h longer ED visit (p = 0.07); obtaining a CT was associated with a 1.5 h longer ED visit (p = 0.005). An Electroencephalogram (EEG) was obtained for 67 (20%) visits and was associated with a 3.0 h longer ED length of stay (p < 0.001). Ten % of the CT scans showed new or progressive findings and 40% of the MRIs done provided useful information for management. Thirty-seven % of EEGs performed in new onset seizure patients revealed epileptiform findings and 5% of EEGs in established seizure patients provided meaningful findings important to management. CONCLUSION Obtaining neurodiagnostic studies significantly prolongs duration of stay in the ED. Electroencephalograms appear to have the greatest yield in new onset seizure patients and can help make a diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria El-Hallal
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Avenue Suite W290, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Yash Shah
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Avenue Suite W290, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Manan Nath
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Avenue Suite W290, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Padmavati Eksambe
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Avenue Suite W290, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Liana Theroux
- Divison of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, 9 Tower, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Maire Amlicke
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 269-01 76th Ave, Queens, NY 11040, USA
| | - Frances Steele
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 269-01 76th Ave, Queens, NY 11040, USA
| | - William Krief
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 269-01 76th Ave, Queens, NY 11040, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kothare
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, 2001 Marcus Avenue Suite W290, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.
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Irgens-Moller N, Fishbein J, Krief W. 312 Effect of Race and Insurance Status on Outcomes of Pediatric Trauma. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zorc JJ, Levine DA, Platt SL, Dayan PS, Macias CG, Krief W, Schor J, Bank D, Shaw KN, Kuppermann N. Clinical and demographic factors associated with urinary tract infection in young febrile infants. Pediatrics 2005; 116:644-8. [PMID: 16140703 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has identified clinical predictors for urinary tract infection (UTI) to guide urine screening in febrile children <24 months of age. These studies have been limited to single centers, and few have focused on young infants who may be most at risk for complications if a UTI is missed. The objective of this study was to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with UTI in febrile infants who are < or =60 days of age using a prospective multicenter cohort. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study during consecutive bronchiolitis seasons. All febrile (> or =38 degrees C) infants who were < or =60 days of age and seen at any of 8 pediatric emergency departments from October through March 1999-2001 were eligible. Clinical appearance was evaluated using the Yale Observation Scale. UTI was defined as growth of a known bacterial pathogen from a catheterized specimen at a level of (1) > or =50000 cfu/mL or (2) > or =10000 cfu/mL in association with a positive dipstick test or urinalysis. We used bivariate tests and multiple logistic regression to identify demographic and clinical factors that were associated with the likelihood of UTI. RESULTS A total of 1025 (67%) of 1513 eligible patients were enrolled; 9.0% of enrolled infants received a diagnosis of UTI. Uncircumcised male infants had a higher rate of UTI (21.3%) compared with female (5.0%) and circumcised male (2.3%) infants. Infants with maximum recorded temperature of > or =39 degrees C had a higher rate of UTI (16.3%) than other infants (7.2%). After multivariable adjustment, UTI was associated with being uncircumcised (odds ratio: 10.4; bias-corrected 95% confidence interval: 4.7-31.4) and maximum temperature (odds ratio: 2.4 per degrees C; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-3.6). Factors that were reported previously to be associated with risk for UTI in infants and toddlers, such as white race and ill appearance, were not significantly associated with risk for UTI in this cohort of young infants. CONCLUSIONS Being uncircumcised and height of fever were associated with UTI in febrile infants who were < or =60 days of age. Uncircumcised male infants were at particularly high risk and may warrant a different approach to screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Zorc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Levine DA, Platt SL, Dayan PS, Macias CG, Zorc JJ, Krief W, Schor J, Bank D, Fefferman N, Shaw KN, Kuppermann N. Risk of serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatrics 2004; 113:1728-34. [PMID: 15173498 DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.6.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of young febrile infants is controversial, in part because it is unclear whether clinical evidence of a viral infection significantly reduces the risk of serious bacterial infections (SBIs). Specifically, it remains unclear whether the risk of SBI is altered in a meaningful way in the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the risk of SBI in young febrile infants who are infected with RSV compared with those without RSV infections. METHODS We conducted a 3-year multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study. All febrile (> or =38 degrees C) infants who were < or =60 days of age and presented to any of 8 pediatric emergency departments from October through March 1998-2001 were eligible. General clinical appearance was evaluated using the Yale Observational Scale. We determined RSV status by antigen testing of nasopharyngeal secretions. We defined bronchiolitis as either wheezing alone or chest retractions in association with an upper respiratory infection. We evaluated infants with blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool cultures. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was defined by single pathogen growth of > or =5 x 10(4) cfu/mL, or > or =10(4) cfu/mL in association with a positive urinalysis in a catheterized specimen, or > or = 10(3) cfu/mL in a suprapubic aspirate. Bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, and bacterial enteritis were defined by growth of a known bacterial pathogen. SBI was defined as any of the above-mentioned 4 bacterial infections. RESULTS We enrolled 1248 patients, including 269 (22%) with RSV infections. The overall SBI status could be determined in 1169 (94%) of the 1248 patients, and the rate of SBIs was 11.4% (133 of 1169; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6%-13.3%). The rate of SBIs in the RSV-positive infants was 7.0% (17 of 244; 95% CI: 4.1%-10.9%) compared with 12.5% (116 of 925; 95% CI: 10.5%-14.8%) in the RSV-negative infants (risk difference: 5.5%; 95% CI: 1.7%-9.4%). The rate of UTI in the RSV-positive infants was 5.4% (14 of 261; 95% CI: 3.0%-8.8%) compared with 10.1% (98 of 966; 95% CI: 8.3%-12.2%) in the RSV-negative infants (risk difference: 4.7%; 95% CI: 1.4%-8.1%). The RSV-positive infants had a lower rate of bacteremia than the RSV-negative infants (1.1% vs 2.3%; risk difference: 1.2%; 95% CI: -0.4% to 2.7%). No RSV-positive infant had bacterial meningitis (0 of 251; 95% CI: 0%-1.2%); however, the differences between the 2 groups with regard to bacteremia and bacterial meningitis did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Febrile infants who are < or =60 days of age and have RSV infections are at significantly lower risk of SBI than febrile infants without RSV infection. Nevertheless, the rate of SBIs, particularly as a result of UTI, remains appreciable in febrile RSV-positive infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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