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Acosta-Zaldívar M, Qi W, Mishra A, Roy U, King WR, Patton-Vogt J, Anderson MZ, Köhler JR. Candida albicans' inorganic phosphate transport and evolutionary adaptation to phosphate scarcity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.29.577887. [PMID: 38352318 PMCID: PMC10862840 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.577887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential in all cells' structural, metabolic and regulatory functions. For fungal cells that import inorganic phosphate (Pi) up a steep concentration gradient, surface Pi transporters are critical capacitators of growth. Fungi must deploy Pi transporters that enable optimal Pi uptake in pH and Pi concentration ranges prevalent in their environments. Single, triple and quadruple mutants were used to characterize the four Pi transporters we identified for the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which must adapt to alkaline conditions during invasion of the host bloodstream and deep organs. A high-affinity Pi transporter, Pho84, was most efficient across the widest pH range while another, Pho89, showed high-affinity characteristics only within one pH unit of neutral. Two low-affinity Pi transporters, Pho87 and Fgr2, were active only in acidic conditions. Only Pho84 among the Pi transporters was clearly required in previously identified Pi-related functions including Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 signaling and hyphal growth. We used in vitro evolution and whole genome sequencing as an unbiased forward genetic approach to probe adaptation to prolonged Pi scarcity of two quadruple mutant lineages lacking all 4 Pi transporters. Lineage-specific genomic changes corresponded to divergent success of the two lineages in fitness recovery during Pi limitation. In this process, initial, large-scale genomic alterations like aneuploidies and loss of heterozygosity were eventually lost as populations presumably gained small-scale mutations. Severity of some phenotypes linked to Pi starvation, like cell wall stress hypersensitivity, decreased in parallel to evolving populations' fitness recovery in Pi scarcity, while that of others like membrane stress responses diverged from these fitness phenotypes. C. albicans therefore has diverse options to reconfigure Pi management during prolonged scarcity. Since Pi homeostasis differs substantially between fungi and humans, adaptive processes to Pi deprivation may harbor small-molecule targets that impact fungal growth and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Current affiliation: Planasa, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Udita Roy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William R. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Z. Anderson
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Julia R. Köhler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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King WR, Singer J, Warman M, Wilson D, Hube B, Lager I, Patton-Vogt J. The glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase Gpc1 contributes to phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, long-term viability, and embedded hyphal growth in Candida albicans. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105543. [PMID: 38072057 PMCID: PMC10790099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus, opportunistic pathogen, and the most common cause of fungal infection in humans. The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a major eukaryotic glycerophospholipid, occurs through two primary pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some plants, a third PC synthesis pathway, the PC deacylation/reacylation pathway (PC-DRP), has been characterized. PC-DRP begins with the acylation of the lipid turnover product, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), by the GPC acyltransferase, Gpc1, to form Lyso-PC. Lyso-PC is then acylated by lysolipid acyltransferase, Lpt1, to produce PC. Importantly, GPC, the substrate for Gpc1, is a ubiquitous metabolite available within the host. GPC is imported by C. albicans, and deletion of the major GPC transporter, Git3, leads to decreased virulence in a murine model. Here we report that GPC can be directly acylated in C. albicans by the protein product of orf19.988, a homolog of ScGpc1. Through lipidomic studies, we show loss of Gpc1 leads to a decrease in PC levels. This decrease occurs in the absence of exogenous GPC, indicating that the impact on PC levels may be greater in the human host where GPC is available. A gpc1Δ/Δ strain exhibits several sensitivities to antifungals that target lipid metabolism. Furthermore, loss of Gpc1 results in both a hyphal growth defect in embedded conditions and a decrease in long-term cell viability. These results demonstrate for the first time the importance of Gpc1 and this alternative PC biosynthesis route (PC-DRP) to the physiology of a pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Singer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell Warman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, England
| | - Bernard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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King WR, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Qi W, Cherico N, Cooke L, Köhler JR, Patton-Vogt J. Glycerophosphocholine provision rescues Candida albicans growth and signaling phenotypes associated with phosphate limitation. mSphere 2023; 8:e0023123. [PMID: 37843297 PMCID: PMC10732039 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00231-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from patients suffering from invasive fungal disease. C. albicans is most commonly a commensal organism colonizing a variety of niches in the human host. The fungus must compete for resources with the host flora to acquire essential nutrients such as phosphate. Phosphate acquisition and homeostasis have been shown to play a key role in C. albicans virulence, with several genes involved in these processes being required for normal virulence and several being upregulated during infection. In addition to inorganic phosphate (Pi), C. albicans can utilize the lipid-derived metabolite glycerophosphocholine (GPC) as a phosphate source. As GPC is available within the human host, we examined the role of GPC in phosphate homeostasis in C. albicans. We find that GPC can substitute for Pi by many though not all criteria and is likely a relevant physiological phosphate source for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Cherico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia R. Köhler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hrach VL, King WR, Nelson LD, Conklin S, Pollock JA, Patton-Vogt J. The acyltransferase Gpc1 is both a target and an effector of the unfolded protein response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104884. [PMID: 37269946 PMCID: PMC10331479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is sensitive to proteotoxic and membrane bilayer stress, both of which are sensed by the ER protein Ire1. When activated, Ire1 splices HAC1 mRNA, producing a transcription factor that targets genes involved in proteostasis and lipid metabolism, among others. The major membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) is subject to phospholipase-mediated deacylation, producing glycerophosphocholine (GPC), followed by reacylation of GPC through the PC deacylation/reacylation pathway (PC-DRP). The reacylation events occur via a two-step process catalyzed first by the GPC acyltransferase Gpc1, followed by acylation of the lyso-PC molecule by Ale1. However, whether Gpc1 is critical for ER bilayer homeostasis is unclear. Using an improved method for C14-choline-GPC radiolabeling, we first show that loss of Gpc1 results in abrogation of PC synthesis through PC-DRP and that Gpc1 colocalizes with the ER. We then probe the role of Gpc1 as both a target and an effector of the UPR. Exposure to the UPR-inducing compounds tunicamycin, DTT, and canavanine results in a Hac1-dependent increase in GPC1 message. Further, cells lacking Gpc1 exhibit increased sensitivity to those proteotoxic stressors. Inositol limitation, known to induce the UPR via bilayer stress, also induces GPC1 expression. Finally, we show that loss of GPC1 induces the UPR. A gpc1Δ mutant displays upregulation of the UPR in strains expressing a mutant form of Ire1 that is unresponsive to unfolded proteins, indicating that bilayer stress is responsible for the observed upregulation. Collectively, our data indicate an important role for Gpc1 in yeast ER bilayer homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lee Hrach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura D Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shane Conklin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Pollock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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King WR, Acosta‐Zaldivar M, Qi W, Cooke L, Cherico N, Köhler JR, Patton‐Vogt J. Two Pathways Diverge: Glycerophosphocholine Impacts Both Phosphate and Lipid Metabolism in
Candida albicans. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maikel Acosta‐Zaldivar
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBoston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBoston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | - Julia R. Köhler
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBoston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Flippin MR, Katz CM, King WR. Examining the impact of a crime gun intelligence center. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:543-549. [PMID: 34902163 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With gun crime on the rise, efforts to curb this form of violence have captured the attention of government agencies and police departments alike. One form of such efforts is the proliferation of Crime Gun Intelligence Centers (CGICs) in police departments across the country. However, with only three non-peer-reviewed evaluations of these CGICs to date, our understanding of their effectiveness is limited. The present study aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of the Phoenix Police Department's (PPD) CGIC on clearance rates and prosecutorial outcomes for gun crimes. The data for this study come from PPD's Records Management System (RMS), computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system, impounded evidence, National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) lead data, and arrest data. Prosecutorial data were supplied by the Maricopa County Attorney's Office (MCAO). This study examined pretest and posttest differences that occurred over the study period. Difference-in-difference (DID) models were calculated to assess the impact of the CGIC on the outcome measures of interest. We found that from the year prior to the CGIC to 2 years post-CGIC, NIBIN inputs increased by 115%, NIBIN leads increased by 163%, timeliness of entry (of ballistics evidence) improved with 32% of processed items entered within 24-48 h in the second year of the CGIC compared with only 3% the year preceding the CGIC, and clearance rates for arrests increased significantly. These findings have implications for the continued adoption of CGIC, as well as the utility of NIBIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Flippin
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles M Katz
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William R King
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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King WR. Review of:
Blood, Powder, and Residue: How Crime Labs Translate Evidence into Proof. J Forensic Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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King WR, Campbell BA, Matusiak MC, Katz CM. Forensic Evidence and Criminal Investigations: The Impact of Ballistics Information on the Investigation of Violent Crime in Nine Cities,. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:874-880. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. King
- College of Criminal Justice; Sam Houston State University; Box 2296 Huntsville TX 77341-2296
| | - Bradley A. Campbell
- Department of Criminal Justice; University of Louisville; 2301 South Third Street Room 223 Louisville KY 40292
| | - Matthew C. Matusiak
- Department of Criminal Justice; University of Central Florida; 12805 Pegasus Drive Orlando FL 32816
| | - Charles M. Katz
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice; Arizona State University; 411 N. Central Street, Suite 680, Phoenix, AZ 85004
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Premkumar G, King WR. An Empirical Assessment of Information Systems Planning and the Role of Information Systems in Organizations. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07421222.1992.11517960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sabherwal R, King WR. An Empirical Taxonomy of the Decision-Making Processes Concerning Strategic Applications of Information Systems. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07421222.1995.11518064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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R. King W, Wells W. Impediments to the Effective Use of Ballistics Imaging Information In Criminal Investigations: Lessons from the Use of IBIS in a Developing Nation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19409044.2015.1051673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- a The University of Michigan-Dearborn
| | - Brian S. Butler
- b The Katz Graduate School of Business, The University of Pittsburgh
| | - William R. King
- b The Katz Graduate School of Business, The University of Pittsburgh
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- a MIS, University of Michigan-Dearborn
| | - William R. King
- b Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh
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Ward-Lonergan JM, King WR, Fulks JS, Fallon LF, Shields G, Beaumont N, Heider A. A survey of speech-language pathology and audiology needs of older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14417040210001669211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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King WR. Selecting High-Impact Information-Based Solutions. Information Systems Management 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10580530802384779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) Police Employee data, collected from U.S. police agencies annually since 1930, provide information on various aspects of police organizations (such as the number of employees and assaults on officers). Such data, spanning 72 years, offer researchers a potentially rich data set. This article provides a brief history of the Police Employee data, describes the various data elements, and tentatively addresses the validity and reliability of these data. Finally, suggested improvements (as well as possible uses) for these data are offered.
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King WR. Implications of Regional Versus Global Strategies to IS. Information Systems Management 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10580530701777164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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King WR. IT Strategy and Innovation: The US and China: A Business and IS Perspective. Information Systems Management 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10580530701586151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. King
- a University of Pittsburgh
- b Association for Information Systems (AIS)
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King WR. Process Improvement in is Development. Information Systems Management 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/1078/44912.22.1.20051201/85743.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McCoy S, Galletta DF, King WR. Integrating National Culture into IS Research: The Need for Current Individual Level Measures. CAIS 2005. [DOI: 10.17705/1cais.01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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