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Gir E, Silva ACDOE, Reis RK, Rabeh SAN, Sorensen W, Nogueira WP, Marziale MHP, Menegueti MG. Use of recommended personal protective equipment among Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2022; 73:69-78. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest health crises in the world and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is significant measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, PPE needs to be used properly by healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of PPE among Brazilian health professionals and associated factors during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2020. For data collection, the respondent-driven sampling technique was used, adapted for social media, with a link to an online survey form. RESULTS: The study considered 12,086 Brazilian health professionals. Most (69%) used PPE recommended for the care of patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19. Factors associated with the use of PPE were: working in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or in a field hospital, receiving training, being provided with sufficient, high-quality PPE by the workplace and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. For procedures that generate aerosols in the context of COVID-19, 54.1% of them used the recommended PPE, the associated factors were: being married or in a stable relationship compared to a single/divorced professional, working in an ICU, being offered training, providing sufficient, high-quality PPE, and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. CONCLUSIONS: For the care of patients with COVID-19, 69% of health professionals used PPE properly, and several factors interfered with the use of this equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elucir Gir
- Departament of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Karina Reis
- Departament of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraia Assad Nasbine Rabeh
- Departament of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - William Sorensen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | | | - Maria Helena Palucci Marziale
- Departament of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Gonçalves Menegueti
- Departament of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Bezerra ALL, Sorensen W, Rodrigues TB, Sousa SML, Carneiro MS, Polaro SHI, Ramos AMPC, Ferreira GRON, Gir E, Reis RK, Botelho EP. HIV epidemic among Brazilian women who have sex with women: An ecological study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:926560. [PMID: 35991028 PMCID: PMC9382591 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.926560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influences of public policies fighting HIV among women who have sex with women is scarcely studied. This study aimed to analyse the time series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, between 2007 and 2020, among Brazilian women who have sex with women, in order to evaluate the effect of Brazilian policies for fighting HIV in this subpopulation compared to women who have sex with men (WSM). This ecological study employed HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) new cases among women who have sex strictly with women (WSW), women who have sex with men and women (WSMW), and WSM reported to the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação from 2007 to 2020. Crude Brazilian and regional annual age-adjusted HIV/AIDS population-level incidence rates were calculated for WSW, WSMW and WSM. The rates were then analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. A total of 102,890, 757, and 1,699 notifications of WSW, WSMW, and WSM living with HIV/AIDS were reported during the study period, respectively. South Brazilian region had the greatest HIV/AIDS incidence rates among WSM and bisexual women while the North region had the greatest incidence among WSW. In the WSM population, the temporal trends showed at least one stable or an increasing trend period from 2007 to 2013 or 2014, followed by one decreasing trend in all Brazilian regions. While among the WSMW most of the regions had a stable trend period from 2007 to 2020, in WSW group most of the trends had only one decreasing period. The decreasing trends were faster in WSM than in WSW. These results suggest a low efficiency of Brazilian policies for fighting HIV among WSW and WSMW and show the necessity of implementing new policies specific to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Sorensen
- Health & Kinesiology Department, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elucir Gir
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Eliã Pinheiro Botelho
- Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Eliã Pinheiro Botelho
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Seabra I, Ferreira GRON, Sorensen W, Oliveira C, Parente AT, Gir E, Reis RKK, Ferrari RAP, Botelho E. Spatial scenery of congenital syphilis in Brazil between 2007 and 2018: an ecological study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058270. [PMID: 35443962 PMCID: PMC9021778 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analysis the epidemiological scenery of the congenital syphilis (CS) in Brazil employing spatial analysis techniques. DESIGN Ecological study. SETTINGS This study was conducted in Brazil SAMPLE: A total of 151 601 CS cases notified to the Diseases and Notification Information System from 2007 to 2018 from children aged 0-23 months and born from mothers living in Brazil were included in this study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The CS incidence rates were calculated by triad (2007-2010, 2011-2014 and 2015-2018) for all Brazilian municipalities following the Boxcox transformation to remove the discrepant values. The transformed rates were analysed through the spatial autocorrelation of Moran, Kernel density estimative and spatial scan. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, the CS incidence rates increased in all Brazilian regions. The CS spread towards the interior of Brazil, and a higher expansion was noticed between 2015 and 2018. The municipalities that were greatly affected by the CS were those having a high migration of people, such as the ones bordering other countries and the touristic cities. Recife, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Manaus were the capitals with the greatest spatial and spatiotemporal risk. CONCLUSION This study provides assistance to health authorities to fight CS in Brazil. More investment is necessary in prenatal care quality focusing on pregnant women and their partners to guarantee their full access to preventive resources against sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaron Seabra
- Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - William Sorensen
- Health & Kinesiology Department, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Carmem Oliveira
- Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Elucir Gir
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliã Botelho
- Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Reis RK, Sousa LRM, Melo ES, Fernandes NM, Sorensen W, Gir E. Predictors of HIV Status Disclosure to Sexual Partners Among People Living with HIV in Brazil. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3538-3546. [PMID: 34173896 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the non-disclosure of HIV seropositivity among people living with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral treatment. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five HIV clinics in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of HIV status disclosure. It was found that 68.5% revealed their HIV seropositivity to their most recent sexual partner. The variables "casual partner" [OR 19.08, 95% CI (4.08, 20.23), p = 0.001], "sexual partners with negative HIV or unknown HIV" [OR 4.54, 95% CI (1.58, 1.01), p = 0.005], "multiple sexual partners" [OR = 3.17, 95% CI (1.34, 7.35), p = 0.009], and "lack of communication with the partner on HIV prevention"[OR = 8.3, 95% CI (3.88, 16.61), p = 0.001] were independently associated with non-disclosure of the diagnosis. Future HIV prevention interventions should encourage open communication between sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Karina Reis
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo At Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida: Bandeirantes, 3900 Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo At Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida: Bandeirantes, 3900 Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Santos Melo
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo At Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida: Bandeirantes, 3900 Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William Sorensen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Elucir Gir
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo At Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Avenida: Bandeirantes, 3900 Campus Universitário - Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antonini M, Pontes PS, Melo ES, de Souza Alves R, Gir E, Sorensen W, Reis RK. Serodiscordance predictors among couples in the HIV context: implications for health care. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1849. [PMID: 34645401 PMCID: PMC8513240 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After HIV diagnosis, people maintain, reestablish their sexual lives, or build new relationships, often with HIV seronegative partners. Therefore, understanding the factors concerning couple-vulnerability is essential in order to design effective HIV preventive strategies. We examined HIV serodiscordant couples prevalence and their associated factors from a Brazilian city. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study carried out with people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had an active sex life and were engagement in HIV health care follow-up. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire during individual interviews. We analyzed data using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results There was 72.0% of HIV serodiscordant partnerships. Those who inconsistently used condoms (aOR: 0.3[0.13–0.7]) and/or had HIV detectable viral load (aOR: 0.29 [0.12–0.7]) were less likely to have an HIV serodiscordant sexual partner. On other hand, the lack of HIV transmission counseling by the health service (aOR: 5.08 [2.02–12.76]), or those who had a casual partner (aOR: 8.12 [1.7–38.8]) or a steady and casual one concomitantly (aOR: 24.82 [1.46–420.83]), were more likely to indicate an HIV serodiscordant partnership. Conclusion The findings showed a high prevalence of serodiscordant partnerships in PLHIV. Greater visibility among couples in the health services is needed as well as a reassessment in order to provide PLHIV and their sexual partners with care strategies, by the health professionals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11835-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Antonini
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Bandeirantes Ave, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre SP, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Silva Pontes
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Bandeirantes Ave, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre SP, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Santos Melo
- Paulista University at São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina de Souza Alves
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Bandeirantes Ave, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre SP, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Elucir Gir
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Bandeirantes Ave, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre SP, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, Brazil
| | - William Sorensen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Renata Karina Reis
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Bandeirantes Ave, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre SP, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, Brazil
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Melo ES, Antonini M, Costa CRB, Sorensen W, Gir E, Reis RK. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV in São Paulo, Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:89-96. [PMID: 32088689 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV infection as a chronic disease has emerged from treatment advances over the past three decades. From this perspective, the diseases associated with AIDS are not a main threat for patients who use Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). A new set of HIV associated complications have emerged resulting in comorbidities related to aging and ART exposure as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Brazil. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study carried out at all Specialized Care Services for people living with HIV in the Southeast of Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire was used and cardiovascular risk assessed through the Framingham Score. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS The majority were male, over 40 years old and they showed a mean age of 44 years. Current hypertension, diabetes, altered body mass index, presence of metabolic syndrome and altered abdominal circumference were also associated with cardiovascular risk. After regression analysis, male sex, older age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were related as predictive factors for a higher cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that combination of the prevention of modifiable risk factors with considerable changes in lifestyle are determining factors for success in the therapeutic of PLWH. High levels of motivation are essential for behavioral changes, and nurses are ideally position to provide safe care with nonpharmacological strategies for CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Antonini
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | | | - William Sorensen
- Health and Kinesiology Department, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, United States.
| | - Elucir Gir
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Renata Karina Reis
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Doolin J, Vilches JE, Cooper C, Gipson C, Sorensen W. Perceived stress and worldview influence sleep quality in Bolivian and United States university students. Sleep Health 2018; 4:565-571. [PMID: 30442326 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated predictors of poor sleep quality among American and Bolivian students. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was designed and administered to undergraduate university students. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Psychology classes from 2 public universities (Texas, USA, and Bolivia) were convenience sampled (n = 80 American students; 60 Bolivian students). MEASUREMENTS We used a sleep quality index and the Perceived Stress Scale. We added questions concerning worldview, sleep hygiene, sleep deficiency, health behaviors, and demographics. RESULTS Five variables predicted poor sleep quality: perceived stress, sleep hygiene, sleep deficiency, worldview, and site. Greater stress positively associated with poorer sleep in both cultures. Yet, Bolivian students reported significantly more stress than American students but experienced significantly better sleep quality. Worldview, a measure of optimism or pessimism about the world, negatively associated with sleep quality in both cultures. CONCLUSION Three variables that predict sleep quality (worldview, sleep hygiene, and sleep deficiency) did not differ significantly between countries. Only perceived stress differed by country but contrary to the predicted direction. Thus, this work reveals new avenues for future work to the investigation of sleep in different cultures. Lastly, we offer recommendations to ameliorate poor sleep in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Doolin
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
| | | | | | | | - William Sorensen
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, due to variations in diet, it was hypothesized that risk of adenomatous or hyperplastic polyps or malignancies would be lower among Hispanics. Participants (n = 1671) underwent a colonoscopy. Results were grouped into one of four groups: normal, hyperplastic polyps only, adenomatous polyps, and malignancies. As expected, Hispanics had a lower risk of hyperplastic (p = .031, OR = 0.47) and adenomatous polyps (p = .031, OR = 0.66) than non-Hispanic Whites. Comparison between malignancies was not possible as no Hispanics had a malignancy. Contrary to expectations, risk of hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and malignancies were no different between non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Among rural and mostly rural populations, Hispanics had a lower risk of hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Orsak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX, 75708-3154, USA.
| | - Carlton M Allen
- Center for Rural and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - William Sorensen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Paul McGaha
- Department of Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
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Fagen JL, Sorensen W, Anderson PB. Why Not the University of New Orleans? Social Disorganization and Sexual Violence Among Internally Displaced Women of Hurricane Katrina. J Community Health 2011; 36:721-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sorensen W. Commentary on "prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection among cross-border truck drivers in Hong Kong". Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85:29-30. [PMID: 19164605 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.033415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Sorensen
- University of Texas at Tyler, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Tyler, TX 75799, USA.
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Sorensen W, Anderson PB, Speaker R, Vilches JE. Assessment of condom use among Bolivian truck drivers through the lens of social cognitive theory. Health Promot Int 2007; 22:37-43. [PMID: 17202196 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dal060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Bolivian long distance truck drivers are a high risk population of HIV infection and transmission, supporting other global studies involving truck drivers and their high risk. The aims of this investigation were to estimate the prevalence of high risk behaviors and to identify predictors of condom use in this population. Analysis was completed on survey results from 246 male truckers (aged 18-67). About one in three of the truck drivers (30%) reported having had a sexually transmitted infection sometime in their past. More than half (56%) reported having sex with casual partners. Other risks involved unprotected anal sex. Age and two social cognitive constructs (outcome expectations and perceived social norms) predicted condom use from logistic regression analysis. The authors discuss the need for expanded HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention programs that incorporate social cognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sorensen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Texas 75799, USA.
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Sorensen W, Lopez L, Anderson P. Latino AIDS immigrants in the Western Gulf states: a different population and the need for innovative prevention strategies. J Health Soc Policy 2001; 13:1-19. [PMID: 11190659 DOI: 10.1300/j045v13n01_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immigrant HIV infected Latinos, and those at highest risk for infection, demonstrate strikingly different patterns of risk behaviors and origins. This complicates the already complex acculturation process impacting their lives. By weaving together immigration and AIDS epidemiological patterns, the impact of tightening immigration policy, and masked sexual behaviors, the authors express concern for a lack of communication with, and lack of health care access for, Latinos in the Western Gulf Coast. To combat this deficit, health care and social workers need to be aware of different social, cultural, and behavioral contexts in Latino populations. Policy makers should support efforts to provide health care workers with skills through appropriate language and cultural sensitivity workshops. HIV prevention strategies specific to Latinos are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sorensen
- Department of Human Performance and Health Promotion, University of New Orleans, NO/AIDS Task Force, New Orleans, USA.
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Abstract
Previous work that compared male and female reports of women's heterosexual initiation and aggression is replicated. It was hypothesized that men's reports of women's sexual initiation and aggression would be significantly greater than women's self-report of sexual initiation and aggression in the most recent sample. Of the 24 questionnaire items, 12 of the 17 specifically designed to assess sexual initiation or aggression demonstrated significant reporting differences. For every questionnaire item, except "mutually consenting contact," men reported women initiating sexual contact more often than women self-reported. In addition, comparisons were made to determine the level of agreement between the results of this study and a previous study in which the same comparisons were made with a different sample. It was hypothesized that the identical questionnaire items would demonstrate significant gender-based reporting differences in both samples. This hypothesis was mostly supported with 11 items showing a significant difference in both samples. In both samples, males reported receiving female initiation and aggression more frequently than females reported giving. Logistic regression results supported a difference in perception of women's sexual initiation based on gender of respondent. In both samples men see women's initiation as less conforming to traditional social norms for women and more aggressive than women do. Gender role expectations and social desirability may influence male and female perceptions of female heterosexual initiation and aggression in a way that contributes to significant differences in reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Anderson
- Department of Human Performance and Health Promotion, University of New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA.
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Sorensen W, Park HS, Corson K. The relationship between educational background and decline to death in a sample of Louisiana male AIDS cases. Int J STD AIDS 1999; 10:195-8. [PMID: 10340201 DOI: 10.1258/0956462991913871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between educational level and time of decline to AIDS mortality. A total of 1578 death certificates were matched and processed with reported Louisiana male AIDS cases to assess the relation between decline to AIDS mortality with educational background, age, race, and transmission group. A 2 (race) x 4 (age group) x 2 (transmission group) x 3 (educational background) ANOVA was performed. In addition, descriptive statistics were utilized to show patterns of the association. A significant (P < 0.05) main effect of educational background on decline to death was found. However, inconsistent educational level effect on mortality was found across different subgroups regarding race and AIDS transmission group. Those with higher educational levels demonstrated least severity of decline to death. Furthermore, a significant 3-way interaction in the well-educated black intravenous drug user (IDU) population suggests a call to expand current models of counselling for this clientele.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sorensen
- Department of Education, University of New Orleans, USA.
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Pratt DS, May JJ, Reed CE, Swanson MC, Campbell AR, Piacitelli L, Olenchock S, Sorensen W. Massive exposure to aeroallergens in dairy farming: radioimmunoassay results of dust collection during bedding chopping with culture confirmation. Am J Ind Med 1990; 17:103-4. [PMID: 2305771 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700170132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Pratt
- Bassett Farm Safety and Health Project, Cooperstown, NY
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