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Gaul W, Sadykova D, White HJ, Leon-Sanchez L, Caplat P, Emmerson MC, Yearsley JM. Data quantity is more important than its spatial bias for predictive species distribution modelling. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10411. [PMID: 33312769 PMCID: PMC7703440 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological records are often the data of choice for training predictive species distribution models (SDMs), but spatial sampling bias is pervasive in biological records data at multiple spatial scales and is thought to impair the performance of SDMs. We simulated presences and absences of virtual species as well as the process of recording these species to evaluate the effect on species distribution model prediction performance of (1) spatial bias in training data, (2) sample size (the average number of observations per species), and (3) the choice of species distribution modelling method. Our approach is novel in quantifying and applying real-world spatial sampling biases to simulated data. Spatial bias in training data decreased species distribution model prediction performance, but sample size and the choice of modelling method were more important than spatial bias in determining the prediction performance of species distribution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willson Gaul
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinara Sadykova
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lupe Leon-Sanchez
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jon M Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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White HJ, Gaul W, Sadykova D, León‐Sánchez L, Caplat P, Emmerson MC, Yearsley JM. Quantifying large-scale ecosystem stability with remote sensing data. Remote Sens Ecol Conserv 2020; 6:354-365. [PMID: 33133633 PMCID: PMC7582121 DOI: 10.1002/rse2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To fully understand ecosystem functioning under global change, we need to be able to measure the stability of ecosystem functioning at multiple spatial scales. Although a number of stability components have been established at small spatial scales, there has been little progress in scaling these measures up to the landscape. Remote sensing data holds huge potential for studying processes at landscape scales but requires quantitative measures that are comparable from experimental field data to satellite remote sensing. Here we present a methodology to extract four components of ecosystem functioning stability from satellite-derived time series of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The four stability components are as follows: variability, resistance, recovery time and recovery rate in ecosystem functioning. We apply our method to the island of Ireland to demonstrate the use of remotely sensed data to identify large disturbance events in productivity. Our method uses stability measures that have been established at the field-plot scale to quantify the stability of ecosystem functioning. This makes our method consistent with previous small-scale stability research, whilst dealing with the unique challenges of using remotely sensed data including noise. We encourage the use of remotely-sensed data in assessing the stability of ecosystems at a scale that is relevant to conservation and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. White
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Willson Gaul
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Dinara Sadykova
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Lupe León‐Sánchez
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Emmerson
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Jon M. Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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6
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White HJ, Gaul W, Sadykova D, León-Sánchez L, Caplat P, Emmerson MC, Yearsley JM. Land cover drives large scale productivity-diversity relationships in Irish vascular plants. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7035. [PMID: 31183258 PMCID: PMC6546085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of productivity on species diversity is often studied at small spatial scales and without taking additional environmental factors into account. Focusing on small spatial scales removes important regional scale effects, such as the role of land cover heterogeneity. Here, we use a regional spatial scale (10 km square) to establish the relationship between productivity and vascular plant species richness across the island of Ireland that takes into account variation in land cover. We used generalized additive mixed effects models to relate species richness, estimated from biological records, to plant productivity. Productivity was quantified by the satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index. The productivity-diversity relationship was fitted for three land cover types: pasture-dominated, heterogeneous, and non-pasture-dominated landscapes. We find that species richness decreases with increasing productivity, especially at higher productivity levels. This decreasing relationship appears to be driven by pasture-dominated areas. The relationship between species richness and heterogeneity in productivity (both spatial and temporal) varies with land cover. Our results suggest that the impact of pasture on species richness extends beyond field level. The effect of human modified landscapes, therefore, is important to consider when investigating classical ecological relationships, particularly at the wider landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. White
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Willson Gaul
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinara Sadykova
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lupe León-Sánchez
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark C. Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jon M. Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Adachi N, Adamovitch V, Adjovi Y, Aida K, Akamatsu H, Akiyama S, Akli A, Ando A, Andrault T, Antonietti H, Anzai S, Arkoun G, Avenoso C, Ayrault D, Banasiewicz M, Banaśkiewicz M, Bernardini L, Bernard E, Berthet E, Blanchard M, Boreyko D, Boros K, Charron S, Cornette P, Czerkas K, Dameron M, Date I, De Pontbriand M, Demangeau F, Dobaczewski Ł, Dobrzyński L, Ducouret A, Dziedzic M, Ecalle A, Edon V, Endo K, Endo T, Endo Y, Etryk D, Fabiszewska M, Fang S, Fauchier D, Felici F, Fujiwara Y, Gardais C, Gaul W, Gurin L, Hakoda R, Hamamatsu I, Handa K, Haneda H, Hara T, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto T, Hashimoto K, Hata D, Hattori M, Hayano R, Hayashi R, Higasi H, Hiruta M, Honda A, Horikawa Y, Horiuchi H, Hozumi Y, Ide M, Ihara S, Ikoma T, Inohara Y, Itazu M, Ito A, Janvrin J, Jout I, Kanda H, Kanemori G, Kanno M, Kanomata N, Kato T, Kato S, Katsu J, Kawasaki Y, Kikuchi K, Kilian P, Kimura N, Kiya M, Klepuszewski M, Kluchnikov E, Kodama Y, Kokubun R, Konishi F, Konno A, Kontsevoy V, Koori A, Koutaka A, Kowol A, Koyama Y, Kozioł M, Kozue M, Kravtchenko O, Kruczała W, Kudła M, Kudo H, Kumagai R, Kurogome K, Kurosu A, Kuse M, Lacombe A, Lefaillet E, Magara M, Malinowska J, Malinowski M, Maroselli V, Masui Y, Matsukawa K, Matsuya K, Matusik B, Maulny M, Mazur P, Miyake C, Miyamoto Y, Miyata K, Miyata K, Miyazaki M, Molȩda M, Morioka T, Morita E, Muto K, Nadamoto H, Nadzikiewicz M, Nagashima K, Nakade M, Nakayama C, Nakazawa H, Nihei Y, Nikul R, Niwa S, Niwa O, Nogi M, Nomura K, Ogata D, Ohguchi H, Ohno J, Okabe M, Okada M, Okada Y, Omi N, Onodera H, Onodera K, Ooki S, Oonishi K, Oonuma H, Ooshima H, Oouchi H, Orsucci M, Paoli M, Penaud M, Perdrisot C, Petit M, Piskowski A, Płocharski A, Polis A, Polti L, Potsepnia T, Przybylski D, Pytel M, Quillet W, Remy A, Robert C, Sadowski M, Saito M, Sakuma D, Sano K, Sasaki Y, Sato N, Schneider T, Schneider C, Schwartzman K, Selivanov E, Sezaki M, Shiroishi K, Shustava I, Śniecińska A, Stalchenko E, Staroń A, Stromboni M, Studzińska W, Sugisaki H, Sukegawa T, Sumida M, Suzuki Y, Suzuki K, Suzuki R, Suzuki H, Suzuki K, Świderski W, Szudejko M, Szymaszek M, Tada J, Taguchi H, Takahashi K, Tanaka D, Tanaka G, Tanaka S, Tanino K, Tazbir K, Tcesnokova N, Tgawa N, Toda N, Tsuchiya H, Tsukamoto H, Tsushima T, Tsutsumi K, Umemura H, Uno M, Usui A, Utsumi H, Vaucelle M, Wada Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe S, Watase K, Witkowski M, Yamaki T, Yamamoto J, Yamamoto T, Yamashita M, Yanai M, Yasuda K, Yoshida Y, Yoshida A, Yoshimura K, Żmijewska M, Zuclarelli E. Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus-the 'D-shuttle' project. J Radiol Prot 2016; 36:49-66. [PMID: 26613195 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adachi
- Adachi High School, 2-347 Kakunai, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima 964-0904, Japan
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