1
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Qi W, Jonker MJ, de Leeuw W, Brul S, ter Kuile BH. Role of RelA-synthesized (p)ppGpp and ROS-induced mutagenesis in de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli. iScience 2024; 27:109579. [PMID: 38617560 PMCID: PMC11015494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The stringent response of bacteria to starvation and stress also fulfills a role in addressing the threat of antibiotics. Within this stringent response, (p)ppGpp, synthesized by RelA or SpoT, functions as a global alarmone. However, the effect of this (p)ppGpp on resistance development is poorly understood. Here, we show that knockout of relA or rpoS curtails resistance development against bactericidal antibiotics. The emergence of mutated genes associated with starvation and (p)ppGpp, among others, indicates the activation of stringent responses. The growth rate is decreased in ΔrelA-resistant strains due to the reduced ability to synthesize (p)ppGpp and the persistence of deacylated tRNA impeding protein synthesis. Sluggish cellular activity causes decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing oxidative damage, leading to weakened DNA mismatch repair, potentially reducing the generation of mutations. These findings offer new targets for mitigating antibiotic resistance development, potentially achieved through inhibiting (p)ppGpp or ROS synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Qi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijs J. Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Leeuw
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benno H. ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Qi W, Jonker MJ, Katsavelis D, de Leeuw W, Wortel M, Ter Kuile BH. The Effect of the Stringent Response and Oxidative Stress Response on Fitness Costs of De Novo Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2582. [PMID: 38473832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance evolution during exposure to non-lethal levels of antibiotics is influenced by various stress responses of bacteria which are known to affect growth rate. Here, we aim to disentangle how the interplay between resistance development and associated fitness costs is affected by stress responses. We performed de novo resistance evolution of wild-type strains and single-gene knockout strains in stress response pathways using four different antibiotics. Throughout resistance development, the increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is accompanied by a gradual decrease in growth rate, most pronounced in amoxicillin or kanamycin. By measuring biomass yield on glucose and whole-genome sequences at intermediate and final time points, we identified two patterns of how the stress responses affect the correlation between MIC and growth rate. First, single-gene knockout E. coli strains associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) acquire resistance faster, and mutations related to antibiotic permeability and pumping out occur earlier. This increases the metabolic burden of resistant bacteria. Second, the ΔrelA knockout strain, which has reduced (p)ppGpp synthesis, is restricted in its stringent response, leading to diminished growth rates. The ROS-related mutagenesis and the stringent response increase metabolic burdens during resistance development, causing lower growth rates and higher fitness costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Qi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijs J Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Drosos Katsavelis
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim de Leeuw
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Wortel
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H Ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Qi W, Jonker MJ, de Leeuw W, Brul S, ter Kuile BH. Reactive oxygen species accelerate de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli. iScience 2023; 26:108373. [PMID: 38025768 PMCID: PMC10679899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as a secondary effect of bactericidal antibiotics are hypothesized to play a role in killing bacteria. If correct, ROS may play a role in development of de novo resistance. Here we report that single-gene knockout strains with reduced ROS scavenging exhibited enhanced ROS accumulation and more rapid acquisition of resistance when exposed to sublethal levels of bactericidal antibiotics. Consistent with this observation, the ROS scavenger thiourea in the medium decelerated resistance development. Thiourea downregulated the transcriptional level of error-prone DNA polymerase and DNA glycosylase MutM, which counters the incorporation and accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-HOdG) in the genome. The level of 8-HOdG significantly increased following incubation with bactericidal antibiotics but decreased after treatment with the ROS scavenger thiourea. These observations suggest that in E. coli sublethal levels of ROS stimulate de novo development of resistance, providing a mechanistic basis for hormetic responses induced by antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Qi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijs J. Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Leeuw
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benno H. ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Breit TM, de Leeuw W, van Olst M, Ensink WA, van Leeuwen S, Jonker MJ, Dekker RJ. Genome sequences of 10 new carnation mottle virus variants. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0018923. [PMID: 37555657 PMCID: PMC10508129 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00189-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the genome sequences of 10 Carnation mottle virus variants. Six variants originated from a single proprietary carnation cultivar, and four were derived from four different proprietary cultivars. All variants showed nucleotide differences, but the last four did not show any variation at the amino acid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo M. Breit
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Leeuw
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marina van Olst
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A. Ensink
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Selina van Leeuwen
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijs J. Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Dekker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics research group, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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van der Naald M, Chamuleau SAJ, Menon JML, de Leeuw W, de Haan J, Duncker DJ, Wever KE. Preregistration of animal research protocols: development and 3-year overview of preclinicaltrials.eu. BMJ Open Science 2022; 6:e100259. [PMID: 35372701 PMCID: PMC8928250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2021-100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Open, prospective registration of a study protocol can improve research rigour in a number of ways. Through preregistration, key features of the study’s methodology are recorded and maintained as a permanent record, enabling comparison of the completed study with what was planned. By recording the study hypothesis and planned outcomes a priori, preregistration creates transparency and can reduce the risk of several common biases, such as hypothesising after results are known and outcome switching or selective outcome reporting. Second, preregistration raises awareness of measures to reduce bias, such as randomisation and blinding. Third, preregistration provides a comprehensive listing of planned studies, which can prevent unnecessary duplication and reduce publication bias. Although commonly acknowledged and applied in clinical research since 2000, preregistration of animal studies is not yet the norm. In 2018 we launched the first dedicated, open, online register for animal study protocols: wwwpreclinicaltrialseu. Here, we provide insight in the development of preclinicaltrials.eu (PCT) and evaluate its use during the first 3 years after its launch. Furthermore, we elaborate on ongoing developments such as the rise of comparable registries, increasing support for preregistration in the Netherlands—which led to the funding of PCT by the Dutch government—and pilots of mandatory preregistration by several funding bodies. We show the international coverage of currently registered protocols but with the overall low number of (pre)registered protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira van der Naald
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim de Leeuw
- Animal Welfare Body Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Haan
- Open Science Programme, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Elaine Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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van der Naald M, Chamuleau SAJ, Menon JML, de Leeuw W, de Haan JJ, Duncker DJ, Wever KE. A 3-year evaluation of preclinicaltrials.eu reveals room for improvement in preregistration of animal studies. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001397. [PMID: 34499640 PMCID: PMC8454931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the first registry dedicated to preregistration of animal study protocols was launched. Despite international support, the overall number of (pre)registered protocols is still low, illustrating the need for pushing the preregistration agenda among researchers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira van der Naald
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A. J. Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wim de Leeuw
- Animal Welfare Body Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith J. de Haan
- Open Science Programme Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E. Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Osborne NJ, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Ahluwahlia A, Alam S, Brown M, Henderson H, de Leeuw W, Marsh J, Moher D, van Oort E, Rawle F, Riederer BM, Sanchez-Morgado J, Sena ES, Struthers C, Westmore M, Avey MT, Kalman R, O'Connor A, Sargeant J, Petrie A, Smith A. Letter to the editor - round table unites to tackle culture change in an effort to improve animal research reporting. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:314. [PMID: 29115951 PMCID: PMC5678589 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A round table discussion was held during the LAVA-ESLAV-ECLAM conference on Reproducibility of Animal Studies on the 25th of September 2017 in Edinburgh. The aim of the round table was to discuss how to enhance the rate at which the quality of reporting animal research can be improved. This signed statement acknowledges the efforts that participant organizations have made towards improving the reporting of animal studies and confirms an ongoing commitment to drive further improvements, calling upon both academics and laboratory animal veterinarians to help make this cultural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Osborne
- Responsible Research in Practice, Bailey House, 4-10 Barttelot Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1DQ, UK.
| | | | - Amrita Ahluwahlia
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sabina Alam
- Faculty of 1000, Middlesex House, 34-42 Cleveland St, London, W1T 4LB, UK
| | - Matthew Brown
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Hayley Henderson
- BMC Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 236 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8HB, UK
| | - Wim de Leeuw
- Animal Welfare Body Utrecht, Nieuw Gildestein, Room 1.81, Box 80125, NL - 3508 TC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,, kamer 1.82, PO Box 12007, 3501 AA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Marsh
- The Lancet Psychiatry, 125 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5AS, UK
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Room L1288, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Erica van Oort
- ZonMw, PO Box 93 245, 2509 AE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Frances Rawle
- Medical Research Council, 13th floor, One Kemble Street, London, WC2B 4AN, UK
| | - Beat M Riederer
- Platform of Morphology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of the Canton Vaud, route de Prilly, CH-1008, Lausanne-Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jose Sanchez-Morgado
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Caroline Struthers
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew Westmore
- National Institute for Health Research Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, University of Southampton, Alpha House, Enterprise Road, Southampton, SO16 7NS, UK
| | - Marc T Avey
- ICF, 2635 Meridian Parkway Suite 200, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Rony Kalman
- Authority for Biological and Biomedical Models, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalém, Israel
| | - Annette O'Connor
- Lloyd Vet Med Center Rm 2424, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 S Riverside Drive, Ames, IA, 50011-3619, USA
| | - Jan Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, and Department of Population Medicine, 2502 Stewart Building, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anja Petrie
- The University of Aberdeen, Medical Research Facility, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Adrian Smith
- Norecopa, c/o Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Goetze S, Mateos-Langerak J, Gierman HJ, de Leeuw W, Giromus O, Indemans MHG, Koster J, Ondrej V, Versteeg R, van Driel R. The three-dimensional structure of human interphase chromosomes is related to the transcriptome map. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:4475-87. [PMID: 17420274 PMCID: PMC1900058 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00208-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) organization of the chromosomal fiber in the human interphase nucleus is an important but poorly understood aspect of gene regulation. Here we quantitatively analyze and compare the 3D structures of two types of genomic domains as defined by the human transcriptome map. While ridges are gene dense and show high expression levels, antiridges, on the other hand, are gene poor and carry genes that are expressed at low levels. We show that ridges are in general less condensed, more irregularly shaped, and located more closely to the nuclear center than antiridges. Six human cell lines that display different gene expression patterns and karyotypes share these structural parameters of chromatin. This shows that the chromatin structures of these two types of genomic domains are largely independent of tissue-specific variations in gene expression and differentiation state. Moreover, we show that there is remarkably little intermingling of chromatin from different parts of the same chromosome in a chromosome territory, neither from adjacent nor from distant parts. This suggests that the chromosomal fiber has a compact structure that sterically suppresses intermingling. Together, our results reveal novel general aspects of 3D chromosome architecture that are related to genome structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goetze
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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de Leeuw W, Verschure PJ, van Liere R. Isualization and analysis of large data collections: a case study applied to confocal microscopy data. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2006; 12:1251-8. [PMID: 17080859 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2006.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we propose an approach in which interactive visualization and analysis are combined with batch tools for the processing of large data collections. Large and heterogeneous data collections are difficult to analyze and pose specific problems to interactive visualization. Application of the traditional interactive processing and visualization approaches as well as batch processing encounter considerable drawbacks for such large and heterogeneous data collections due to the amount and type of data. Computing resources are not sufficient for interactive exploration of the data and automated analysis has the disadvantage that the user has only limited control and feedback on the analysis process. In our approach, an analysis procedure with features and attributes of interest for the analysis is defined interactively. This procedure is used for off-line processing of large collections of data sets. The results of the batch process along with "visual summaries" are used for further analysis. Visualization is not only used for the presentation of the result, but also as a tool to monitor the validity and quality of the operations performed during the batch process. Operations such as feature extraction and attribute calculation of the collected data sets are validated by visual inspection. This approach is illustrated by an extensive case study, in which a collection of confocal microscopy data sets is analyzed.
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10
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Brink MC, van der Velden Y, de Leeuw W, Mateos-Langerak J, Belmont AS, van Driel R, Verschure PJ. Truncated HP1 lacking a functional chromodomain induces heterochromatinization upon in vivo targeting. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:53-61. [PMID: 16283356 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Packaging of the eukaryotic genome into higher order chromatin structures is tightly related to gene expression. Pericentromeric heterochromatin is typified by accumulations of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (MeH3K9) and global histone deacetylation. HP1 interacts with chromatin by binding to MeH3K9 through the chromodomain (CD). HP1 dimerizes with itself and binds a variety of proteins through its chromoshadow domain. We have analyzed at the single cell level whether HP1 lacking its functional CD is able to induce heterochromatinization in vivo. We used a lac-operator array-based system in mammalian cells to target EGFP-lac repressor tagged truncated HP1alpha and HP1beta to a lac operator containing gene-amplified chromosome region in living cells. After targeting truncated HP1alpha or HP1beta we observe enhanced tri-MeH3K9 and recruitment of endogenous HP1alpha and HP1beta to the chromosome region. We show that CD-less HP1alpha can induce chromatin condensation, whereas the effect of truncated HP1beta is less pronounced. Our results demonstrate that after lac repressor-mediated targeting, HP1alpha and HP1beta without a functional CD are able to induce heterochromatinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje C Brink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Verschure PJ, van der Kraan I, de Leeuw W, van der Vlag J, Carpenter AE, Belmont AS, van Driel R. In vivo HP1 targeting causes large-scale chromatin condensation and enhanced histone lysine methylation. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:4552-64. [PMID: 15899859 PMCID: PMC1140641 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.11.4552-4564.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in chromatin structure are a key aspect in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We have used a lac operator array system to visualize by light microscopy the effect of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) alpha (HP1alpha) and HP1beta on large-scale chromatin structure in living mammalian cells. The structure of HP1, containing a chromodomain, a chromoshadow domain, and a hinge domain, allows it to bind to a variety of proteins. In vivo targeting of an enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged HP1-lac repressor fusion to a lac operator-containing, gene-amplified chromosome region causes local condensation of the higher-order chromatin structure, recruitment of the histone methyltransferase SETDB1, and enhanced trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9. Polycomb group proteins of both the HPC/HPH and the EED/EZH2 complexes, which are involved in the heritable repression of gene activity, are not recruited to the amplified chromosome region by HP1alpha and HP1beta in vivo targeting. HP1alpha targeting causes the recruitment of endogenous HP1beta to the chromatin region and vice versa, indicating a direct interaction between the two HP1 homologous proteins. Our findings indicate that HP1alpha and HP1beta targeting is sufficient to induce heterochromatin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernette J Verschure
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim de Leeuw
- Secretary, Alternative to Animal Experiments Platform P.O. Box 5406 2280 HK Rijswijk The Netherlands Tel. 31-70-340-7030/32 Fax. 31-70-340-7080
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13
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de Leeuw W. Animal Experimentation in the Netherlands, 1996. Altern Lab Anim 1998. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299802600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim de Leeuw
- Veterinary Public Health Inspectorate Animal Experimentation Department P.O. Box 3008 2280 MK Ryswrtjk The Netherlands Tel. 31-70-340-7030/32 Fax. 31-70-340-7080
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14
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de Leeuw W. Tenth Anniversary of the Alternatives to Animal Experiments Platform. Altern Lab Anim 1997. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299702500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim de Leeuw
- Alternatives to Animal Experiments Platform P.O. Box 3008 2280 MK Ryswyk The Netherlands Tel. 31-70-340-7030/32 Fax. 31-70-340-7080
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15
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Hendriksen C, Rozing J, van der Kamp M, de Leeuw W. The Production of Monoclonal Antibodies: Are Animals Still Needed? Altern Lab Anim 1996. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad Hendriksen
- RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rozing
- TNO, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim de Leeuw
- VHI, P.O. Box 5406, 2280 HK Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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