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Brenner D, Sieverding K, Srinidhi J, Zellner S, Secker C, Yilmaz R, Dyckow J, Amr S, Ponomarenko A, Tunaboylu E, Douahem Y, Schlag JS, Rodríguez Martínez L, Kislinger G, Niemann C, Nalbach K, Ruf WP, Uhl J, Hollenbeck J, Schirmer L, Catanese A, Lobsiger CS, Danzer KM, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Münch C, Koch P, Freischmidt A, Fetting M, Behrends C, Parlato R, Weishaupt JH. A TBK1 variant causes autophagolysosomal and motoneuron pathology without neuroinflammation in mice. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221190. [PMID: 38517332 PMCID: PMC10959724 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the TBK1 gene can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The majority of TBK1-ALS/FTD patients carry deleterious loss-of-expression mutations, and it is still unclear which TBK1 function leads to neurodegeneration. We investigated the impact of the pathogenic TBK1 missense variant p.E696K, which does not abolish protein expression, but leads to a selective loss of TBK1 binding to the autophagy adaptor protein and TBK1 substrate optineurin. Using organelle-specific proteomics, we found that in a knock-in mouse model and human iPSC-derived motor neurons, the p.E696K mutation causes presymptomatic onset of autophagolysosomal dysfunction in neurons precipitating the accumulation of damaged lysosomes. This is followed by a progressive, age-dependent motor neuron disease. Contrary to the phenotype of mice with full Tbk1 knock-out, RIPK/TNF-α-dependent hepatic, neuronal necroptosis, and overt autoinflammation were not detected. Our in vivo results indicate autophagolysosomal dysfunction as a trigger for neurodegeneration and a promising therapeutic target in TBK1-ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenner
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jahnavi Srinidhi
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Zellner
- Medical Faculty, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Secker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüstem Yilmaz
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Dyckow
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shady Amr
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Ponomarenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esra Tunaboylu
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasmin Douahem
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joana S. Schlag
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucía Rodríguez Martínez
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Kislinger
- Electron Microscopy Hub, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Niemann
- Electron Microscopy Hub, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Nalbach
- Medical Faculty, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Uhl
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Hollenbeck
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S. Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Inserm, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karin M. Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroanatomy Unit, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martina Fetting
- Medical Faculty, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Hub, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Medical Faculty, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen H. Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Brockmann SJ, Buck E, Casoli T, Meirelles JL, Ruf WP, Fabbietti P, Holzmann K, Weishaupt JH, Ludolph AC, Conti F, Danzer KM. Mitochondrial genome study in blood of maternally inherited ALS cases. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 37507754 PMCID: PMC10375681 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALS is a heterogeneous disease in which different factors such as mitochondrial phenotypes act in combination with a genetic predisposition. This study addresses the question of whether homoplasmic (total mitochondrial genome of a sample is affected) and/or heteroplasmic mutations (wildtype and mutant mitochondrial DNA molecules coexist) might play a role in familial ALS. Blood was drawn from familial ALS patients with a possible maternal pattern of inheritance according to their pedigrees, which was compared to blood of ALS patients without maternal association as well as age-matched controls. In two cohorts, we analyzed the mitochondrial genome from whole blood or isolated white blood cells and platelets using a resequencing microarray (Affymetrix MitoChip v2.0) that is able to detect homoplasmic and heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations and allows the assessment of low-level heteroplasmy. RESULTS We identified an increase in homoplasmic ND5 mutations, a subunit of respiratory chain complex I, in whole blood of ALS patients that allowed maternal inheritance. This effect was more pronounced in patients with bulbar onset. Heteroplasmic mutations were significantly increased in different mitochondrial genes in platelets of patients with possible maternal inheritance. No increase of low-level heteroplasmy was found in maternal ALS patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a contribution of homoplasmic ND5 mutations to maternally associated ALS with bulbar onset. Therefore, it might be conceivable that specific maternally transmitted rather than randomly acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations might contribute to the disease process. This stands in contrast with observations from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases showing an age-dependent accumulation of unspecific mutations in mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Brockmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Buck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Tiziana Casoli
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - João L Meirelles
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurology Department, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
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3
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Ruf WP, Boros M, Freischmidt A, Brenner D, Grozdanov V, de Meirelles J, Meyer T, Grehl T, Petri S, Grosskreutz J, Weyen U, Guenther R, Regensburger M, Hagenacker T, Koch JC, Emmer A, Roediger A, Steinbach R, Wolf J, Weishaupt JH, Lingor P, Deschauer M, Cordts I, Klopstock T, Reilich P, Schoeberl F, Schrank B, Zeller D, Hermann A, Knehr A, Günther K, Dorst J, Schuster J, Siebert R, Ludolph AC, Müller K. Spectrum and frequency of genetic variants in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad152. [PMID: 37223130 PMCID: PMC10202555 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy of motoneuron diseases entered a new phase with the use of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotide therapies treating patients with specific gene mutations predominantly in the context of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With the majority of cases being sporadic, we conducted a cohort study to describe the mutational landscape of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We analysed genetic variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated genes to assess and potentially increase the number of patients eligible for gene-specific therapies. We screened 2340 sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from the German Network for motor neuron diseases for variants in 36 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated genes using targeted next-generation sequencing and for the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. The genetic analysis could be completed on 2267 patients. Clinical data included age at onset, disease progression rate and survival. In this study, we found 79 likely pathogenic Class 4 variants and 10 pathogenic Class 5 variants (without the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion) according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, of which 31 variants are novel. Thus, including C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion, Class 4, and Class 5 variants, 296 patients, corresponding to ∼13% of our cohort, could be genetically resolved. We detected 437 variants of unknown significance of which 103 are novel. Corroborating the theory of oligogenic causation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we found a co-occurrence of pathogenic variants in 10 patients (0.4%) with 7 being C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion carriers. In a gene-wise survival analysis, we found a higher hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.02-2.1) for death from any cause for patients with the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion and a lower hazard ratio of 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.9) for patients with pathogenic SOD1 variants than for patients without a causal gene mutation. In summary, the high yield of 296 patients (∼13%) harbouring a pathogenic variant and oncoming gene-specific therapies for SOD1/FUS/C9orf72, which would apply to 227 patients (∼10%) in this cohort, corroborates that genetic testing should be made available to all sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients after respective counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang P Ruf
- Correspondence to: Dr Wolfgang P. Ruf Department of Neurology Medical Faculty, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany E-mail:
| | - Matej Boros
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Joao de Meirelles
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Torsten Grehl
- Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen 45131, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | - Ute Weyen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bochum, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Rene Guenther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Medicine Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Jan C Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, University Hospital Halle, Halle 06120, Germany
| | | | - Robert Steinbach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Joachim Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Diako Mannheim, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Isabell Cordts
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München 80336, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Reilich
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München 80336, Germany
| | - Florian Schoeberl
- Department of Neurology with Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München 80336, Germany
| | - Berthold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD Helios Clinics, Wiesbaden 65191, Germany
| | - Daniel Zeller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section ‘Albrecht Kossel’, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18146, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Antje Knehr
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Joachim Schuster
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Kathrin Müller
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Yazar V, Ruf WP, Knehr A, Günther K, Ammerpohl O, Danzer KM, Ludolph AC. DNA Methylation Analysis in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for ALS in Blood Cells. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231172159. [PMID: 37152709 PMCID: PMC10161312 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231172159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal motor neuron disease that displays a broad variety of phenotypes ranging from early fatal courses to slowly progressing and rather benign courses. Such divergence can also be seen in genetic ALS cases with varying phenotypes bearing specific mutations, suggesting epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation act as disease modifiers. However, the epigenotype dictated by, in addition to other mechanisms, DNA methylation is also strongly influenced by the individual's genotype. Hence, we performed a DNA methylation study using EPIC arrays on 7 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for ALS in whole blood, which serves as an ideal model for eliminating the effects of the genetic-epigenetic interplay to a large extent. We found one CpG site showing intra-pair hypermethylation in the affected co-twins, which maps to the Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor Kainate Type Subunit 1 gene (GRIK1). Additionally, we found 4 DMPs which were subsequently confirmed using 2 different statistical approaches. Differentially methylated regions or blocks could not be detected within the scope of this work. In conclusion, we revealed that despite a low sample size, monozygotic twin studies discordant for the disease can bring new insights into epigenetic processes in ALS, pointing to new target loci for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Yazar
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Antje Knehr
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Günther
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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5
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Kühlwein JK, Ruf WP, Kandler K, Witzel S, Lang C, Mulaw MA, Ekici AB, Weishaupt JH, Ludolph AC, Grozdanov V, Danzer KM. ALS is imprinted in the chromatin accessibility of blood cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:131. [PMID: 37095391 PMCID: PMC10126052 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex and incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of all forms of ALS. The interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental footprints generates epigenetic signatures in the cells of affected tissues, which then alter transcriptional programs. Epigenetic modifications that arise from genetic predisposition and systemic environmental footprints should in theory be detectable not only in affected CNS tissue but also in the periphery. Here, we identify an ALS-associated epigenetic signature ('epiChromALS') by chromatin accessibility analysis of blood cells of ALS patients. In contrast to the blood transcriptome signature, epiChromALS includes also genes that are not expressed in blood cells; it is enriched in CNS neuronal pathways and it is present in the ALS motor cortex. By combining simultaneous ATAC-seq and RNA-seq with single-cell sequencing in PBMCs and motor cortex from ALS patients, we demonstrate that epigenetic changes associated with the neurodegenerative disease can be found in the periphery, thus strongly suggesting a mechanistic link between the epigenetic regulation and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Kühlwein
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kandler
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Simon Witzel
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Christina Lang
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurology Department, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Veselin Grozdanov
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 89081, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
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Ruf WP, Palmer A, Dörfer L, Wiesner D, Buck E, Grozdanov V, Kassubek J, Dimou L, Ludolph AC, Huber-Lang M, Danzer KM. Thoracic trauma promotes alpha-Synuclein oligomerization in murine Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105877. [PMID: 36162738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic and neuroinflammatory processes play key roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Physical trauma which induces considerable systemic inflammatory responses, represents an evident environmental factor in aging. However, little is known about the impact of physical trauma, on the immuno-pathophysiology of PD. Especially blunt chest trauma which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate in the elderly population, can induce a strong pulmonary and systemic inflammatory reaction. Hence, we sought out to combine a well-established thoracic trauma mouse model with a well-established PD mouse model to characterize the influence of physical trauma to neurodegenerative processes in PD. METHODS To study the influence of peripheral trauma in a PD mouse model we performed a highly standardized blunt thorax trauma in a well-established PD mouse model and determined the subsequent local and systemic response. RESULTS We could show that blunt chest trauma leads to a systemic inflammatory response which is quantifiable with increased inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar fluids (BALF) and plasma regardless of the presence of a PD phenotype. A difference of the local inflammatory response in the brain between the PD group and non-PD group could be detected, as well as an increase in the formation of oligomeric pathological alpha-Synuclein (asyn) suggesting an interplay between peripheral thoracic trauma and asyn pathology in PD. CONCLUSION Taken together this study provides evidence that physical trauma is associated with increased asyn oligomerization in a PD mouse model underlining the relevance of PD pathogenesis under traumatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Experimental Trauma- Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lena Dörfer
- Institute of Experimental Trauma- Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Wiesner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DNZE), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Eva Buck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DNZE), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DNZE), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Leda Dimou
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DNZE), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Experimental Trauma- Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DNZE), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Ruf WP, Meirelles J, Danzer KM. Spreading of alpha-synuclein between different cell types. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114059. [PMID: 35995264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is central in Parkinson's disease as well as in other synucleinopathies. Recent evidence suggests that not only intracellular aggregation of α-syn plays an important role for disease pathogenesis but also cell-to-cell propagation of α-syn seems to significantly contribute to pathological changes in synucleinopathies. In this mini-review we summarize current aspects of spreading of α-syn between brain cell types and its role in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joao Meirelles
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
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Buck E, Oeckl P, Grozdanov V, Bopp V, Kühlwein JK, Ruf WP, Wiesner D, Roselli F, Weishaupt JH, Ludolph AC, Otto M, Danzer KM. Increased NF-L levels in the TDP-43 G298S ALS mouse model resemble NF-L levels in ALS patients. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:161-164. [PMID: 35585288 PMCID: PMC9217825 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Buck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Verena Bopp
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Wiesner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurology Department, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Bhatia D, Grozdanov V, Ruf WP, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. T-cell dysregulation is associated with disease severity in Parkinson's Disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:250. [PMID: 34717679 PMCID: PMC8556877 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of peripheral immunity in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) includes changes in both the relative numbers and gene expression of T cells. The presence of peripheral T-cell abnormalities in PD is well-documented, but less is known about their association to clinical parameters, such as age, age of onset, progression rate or severity of the disease. We took a detailed look at T-cell numbers, gene expression and activation in cross-sectional cohorts of PD patients and age-matched healthy controls by means of flow cytometry and NanoString gene expression assay. We show that the well-pronounced decrease in relative T-cell numbers in PD blood is mostly driven by a decrease of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and is primarily associated with the severity of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that the expression of inflammatory genes in T cells from PD patients is also associated with disease severity. PD T cells presented with increased activation upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin that also correlated with disease severity. In summary, our data suggest that the consequences of disease severity account for the changes in PD T cells, rather than age, age of onset, duration or the disease progression rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divisha Bhatia
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veselin Grozdanov
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurology Department, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
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Bliederhaeuser C, Zondler L, Grozdanov V, Ruf WP, Brenner D, Melrose HL, Bauer P, Ludolph AC, Gillardon F, Kassubek J, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. LRRK2 contributes to monocyte dysregulation in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:123. [PMID: 27884177 PMCID: PMC5123218 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zondler L, Müller K, Khalaji S, Bliederhäuser C, Ruf WP, Grozdanov V, Thiemann M, Fundel-Clemes K, Freischmidt A, Holzmann K, Strobel B, Weydt P, Witting A, Thal DR, Helferich AM, Hengerer B, Gottschalk KE, Hill O, Kluge M, Ludolph AC, Danzer KM, Weishaupt JH. Peripheral monocytes are functionally altered and invade the CNS in ALS patients. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:391-411. [PMID: 26910103 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting primarily the upper and lower motor neurons. A common feature of all ALS cases is a well-characterized neuroinflammatory reaction within the central nervous system (CNS). However, much less is known about the role of the peripheral immune system and its interplay with CNS resident immune cells in motor neuron degeneration. Here, we characterized peripheral monocytes in both temporal and spatial dimensions of ALS pathogenesis. We found the circulating monocytes to be deregulated in ALS regarding subtype constitution, function and gene expression. Moreover, we show that CNS infiltration of peripheral monocytes correlates with improved motor neuron survival in a genetic ALS mouse model. Furthermore, application of human immunoglobulins or fusion proteins containing only the human Fc, but not the Fab antibody fragment, increased CNS invasion of peripheral monocytes and delayed the disease onset. Our results underline the importance of peripheral monocytes in ALS pathogenesis and are in agreement with a protective role of monocytes in the early phase of the disease. The possibility to boost this beneficial function of peripheral monocytes by application of human immunoglobulins should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zondler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Müller
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Samira Khalaji
- Department of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinna Bliederhäuser
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veselin Grozdanov
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Witting
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anika M Helferich
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, O25, Niveau 5, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Helferich AM, Ruf WP, Grozdanov V, Freischmidt A, Feiler MS, Zondler L, Ludolph AC, McLean PJ, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. α-synuclein interacts with SOD1 and promotes its oligomerization. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:66. [PMID: 26643113 PMCID: PMC4672499 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are both neurodegenerative diseases leading to impaired execution of movement. α-Synuclein plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PD whereas Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a key player in a subset of familial ALS cases. Under pathological conditions both α-synuclein and SOD1 form oligomers and fibrils. In this study we investigated the possible molecular interaction of α-synuclein and SOD1 and its functional and pathological relevance. Results Using a protein-fragment complementation approach and co-IP, we found that α-synuclein and SOD1 physically interact in living cells, human erythrocytes and mouse brain tissue. Additionally, our data show that disease related mutations in α-synuclein (A30P, A53T) and SOD1 (G85R, G93A) modify the binding of α-synuclein to SOD1. Notably, α-synuclein accelerates SOD1 oligomerization independent of SOD1 activity. Conclusion This study provides evidence for a novel interaction of α-synuclein and SOD1 that might be relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0062-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika M Helferich
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Veselin Grozdanov
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marisa S Feiler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Zondler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Marroquin N, Stranz S, Müller K, Wieland T, Ruf WP, Brockmann SJ, Danzer KM, Borck G, Hübers A, Weydt P, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Rosenbohm A, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH. Screening for CHCHD10 mutations in a large cohort of sporadic ALS patients: no evidence for pathogenicity of the p.P34S variant. Brain 2015; 139:e8. [PMID: 26362909 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Wieland
- 2 Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Guntram Borck
- 3 Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Weydt
- 1 Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- 2 Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim-Matthias Strom
- 2 Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Grozdanov V, Bliederhaeuser C, Ruf WP, Roth V, Fundel-Clemens K, Zondler L, Brenner D, Martin-Villalba A, Hengerer B, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. Inflammatory dysregulation of blood monocytes in Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:651-63. [PMID: 25284487 PMCID: PMC4201759 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive effort on studying inflammatory processes in the CNS of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, implications of peripheral monocytes are still poorly understood. Here, we set out to obtain a comprehensive picture of circulating myeloid cells in PD patients. We applied a human primary monocyte culture system and flow cytometry-based techniques to determine the state of monocytes from PD patients during disease. We found that the classical monocytes are enriched in the blood of PD patients along with an increase in the monocyte-recruiting chemoattractant protein CCL2. Moreover, we found that monocytes from PD patients display a pathological hyperactivity in response to LPS stimulation that correlates with disease severity. Inflammatory pre-conditioning was also reflected on the transcriptome in PD monocytes using next-generation sequencing. Further, we identified the CD95/CD95L as a key regulator for the PD-associated alteration of circulating monocytes. Pharmacological neutralization of CD95L reverses the dysregulation of monocytic subpopulations in favor of non-classical monocytes. Our results suggest that PD monocytes are in an inflammatory predisposition responding with hyperactivation to a "second hit". These results provide the first direct evidence that circulating human peripheral blood monocytes are altered in terms of their function and composition in PD patients. This study provides insights into monocyte biology in PD and establishes a basis for future studies on peripheral inflammation.
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Danzer KM, Kranich LR, Ruf WP, Cagsal-Getkin O, Winslow AR, Zhu L, Vanderburg CR, McLean PJ. Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:42. [PMID: 22920859 PMCID: PMC3483256 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) and resulting cytotoxicity is a hallmark of sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as dementia with Lewy bodies, with recent evidence implicating oligomeric and pre-fibrillar forms of αsyn as the pathogenic species. Recent in vitro studies support the idea of transcellular spread of extracellular, secreted αsyn across membranes. The aim of this study is to characterize the transcellular spread of αsyn oligomers and determine their extracellular location. RESULTS Using a novel protein fragment complementation assay where αsyn is fused to non-bioluminescent amino-or carboxy-terminus fragments of humanized Gaussia Luciferase we demonstrate here that αsyn oligomers can be found in at least two extracellular fractions: either associated with exosomes or free. Exosome-associated αsyn oligomers are more likely to be taken up by recipient cells and can induce more toxicity compared to free αsyn oligomers. Specifically, we determine that αsyn oligomers are present on both the outside as well as inside of exosomes. Notably, the pathway of secretion of αsyn oligomers is strongly influenced by autophagic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that αsyn may be secreted via different secretory pathways. We hypothesize that exosome-mediated release of αsyn oligomers is a mechanism whereby cells clear toxic αsyn oligomers when autophagic mechanisms fail to be sufficient. Preventing the early events in αsyn exosomal release and uptake by inducing autophagy may be a novel approach to halt disease spreading in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Danzer
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Danzer KM, Ruf WP, Putcha P, Joyner D, Hashimoto T, Glabe C, Hyman BT, McLean PJ. Heat-shock protein 70 modulates toxic extracellular α-synuclein oligomers and rescues trans-synaptic toxicity. FASEB J 2010; 25:326-36. [PMID: 20876215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-164624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The paradoxical appearance of aggregated α-synuclein (αsyn) in naive transplanted embryonic stem cells in Parkinson's disease (PD) brains has recently been reported, highlighting the possibility of neuron to neuron transmission of αsyn in PD. Here, we demonstrate in a cellular model the presence of αsyn oligomers in the extracellular space, their uptake by neurons, retrograde axonal transport to cell soma, and detrimental effects on neighboring cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that Hsp70 chaperones αsyn in the extracellular space and reduces extracellular αsyn oligomer formation and related toxicity. These novel findings provide evidence that extracellular αsyn oligomers may represent a crucial player in the propagation of pathology in PD, with their modulation by Hsp70 representing a potential new target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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