Pathological Predictors for Defining a Therapeutic Strategy for Early Colon Cancer after Endoscopic Resection: Multicenter Retrospective Analysis from Surgically Resected Specimens

BACKGROUND/AIMS

For the possibility of regional lymph node metastasis (LNM), early colon cancer (ECC) is a boundary lesion between endoscopic resection and surgery. The aim of study is to clarify risk factors for LNM and to determine therapeutic strategy after endoscopic resection in patients with ECC.

METHODOLOGY

The histopathology of patients with ECC underwent surgery with LN dissection in 8 university hospitals were reviewed by experienced pathologist blinded to LN status.

RESULTS

In total, 370 patients (107 with mucosal cancer, 263 with submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma [SICC]) were enrolled. Excluding mucosal cancer, the LNM rate was 11.8% (31/263, including 15.4% [8/52] with pedunculated SICC [P-SICC] and 10.9% [23/211] with non-pedunculated SICC [NP-SICC]). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor sprouting (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 8.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04-25.69), submucosal invasion depth (SM depth) > 2000 μm (P = 0.024; OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.19-11.37), and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.022; OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.19-10.13) were related to LNM. All LNMs with SM depth < 2000 μm showed tumor sprouting without lymphatic invasion.

CONCLUSIONS

Significant risk factors for predicting LNM in patients with SICC were tumor sprouting, SM depth > 2000 μm, and lymphatic invasion.

Colonoscopy scheduling influences adenoma and polyp detection rates

BACKGROUND/AIMS

Because colonoscopy can be a technically challenging procedure, endoscopist fatigue, which usually increases as day progresses, may impact procedural performance. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of colonoscopy scheduling on adenoma and polyp detection rates (ADR and PDR, respectively).

METHODOLOGY

This was a retrospective study of data prospectively collected on 1,293 consecutive, asymptomatic, average-risk patients. Three separate timing variables were assessed, as follows: morning vs. afternoon procedures; start times throughout the day; and four groups by matching each subsequent passing hour in the morning and afternoon sessions.

RESULTS

420 (32%) were performed in the morning and 881 (68%) were performed in the afternoon. There was a significantly higher ADR and PDR in the morning colonoscopies compared to the afternoon colonoscopies (42.3% vs. 34.7% [po=0.008] and 52.5% vs. 46.3% [p=0.038], respectively). Based on multivariable analysis, afternoon colonoscopies and colonoscopies performed during 4th hour of session were significantly associated with a decreased ADR (OR, 0.739 [0.576-0.949], p=0.018; and OR, 0.651 [0.443-0.975], p=0.029).

CONCLUSIONS

Colonoscopies scheduled in the morning have a significantly higher ADR and PDR as compared to colonoscopies scheduled in the afternoon. Also,colonoscopies performed during 4th hour of the session were associated with decreased ADR.

Elevated red cell distribution width is associated with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD

Background/Aims

The red-blood-cell distribution width (RDW) is a newly recognized risk marker in patients with cardiovascular disease, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well defined. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between RDW values and the level of fibrosis in NAFLD according to BARD and FIB-4 scores.

Methods

This study included 24,547 subjects who had been diagnosed with NAFLD based on abdominal ultrasonography and questionnaires about alcohol consumption. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined according to BARD and FIB-4 scores. The association between RDW values and the degree of fibrosis in NAFLD was analyzed retrospectively.

Results

After adjusting for age, hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, the RDW values were 12.61±0.41% (mean±SD), 12.70±0.70%, 12.77±0.62%, 12.87±0.82%, and 13.25±0.90% for those with BARD scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and 12.71±0.72%, 12.79±0.66%, and 13.23±1.52% for those with FIB-4 scores of <1.30, 1.31-2.66, and ≥2.67, respectively (P<0.05). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis (BARD score of 24 and FIB-4 score of ≥1.3) increased with the RDW [BARD score: 51.1% in quartile 1 (Q1) vs. 63.6% in Q4; FIB-4 score: 6.9% in Q1 vs. 10.5% in Q4; P<0.001]. After adjustments, the odds ratio of having advanced fibrosis for those in Q4 compared to Q1 were 1.76 (95%CI=1.55-2.00, P<0.001) relative to BARD score and 1.69 (95%CI=1.52-1.98, P<0.001) relative to FIB-4 score.

Conclusions

Elevated RDW is independently associated with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Misdiagnosed as an Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Without significant coronary artery stenosis, ischemic electrocardiographic change including ST segment elevation, segmental wall motion abnormality and elevated serum cardiac-specific markers (creatine kinase-MB, Troponin-T) may develop after central nervous system injuries such as subarachnoid, intracranial or subdural hemorrhage. Misdiagnosing these patients as acute myocardial infarction may result in catastrophic outcomes. By reporting a case of a 55-year old female with subarachnoid hemorrhage mimicking acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, we hope to underline that careful attention of neurologic abnormality is critical in making better prognosis.