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Wong WSF, Lee MHM, Wong PH. A Journey from Learning a Noninvasive High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Surgical Treatment for Gynecological Diseases to Providing High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Services in Hong Kong. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:71-74. [PMID: 34040964 PMCID: PMC8140538 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reflects a Hong Kong doctors group's journey to learn the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation treatment for gynecological diseases in China. The procedures of HIFU ablation for fibroids, adenomyosis, and other gynecological diseases are described. After completing our training, the authors applied the HIFU ablation techniques they have learned to establish an outpatient HIFU clinic and provided HIFU ablation treatment in Hong Kong. This paper describes their early experience in providing HIFU services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shun Felix Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peng Hao Wong
- Medical Clinic, HK Pacific Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Lim JCW, Sagineedu SR, Yong ACH, Sidik SM, Wong WSF, Stanslas J. Toxicological and pharmacokinetic analysis at therapeutic dose of SRS27, an investigational anti-asthma agent. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:95-105. [PMID: 32840650 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
SRS27, an andrographolide analogue, had been proven to have therapeutic properties at a dose of 3 mg/kg in both in vitro and in vivo asthma models of our previous study. The present study focuses on the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of this compound to provide further evidence for the development of this compound as an anti-asthma agent. A simple pharmacokinetic study was performed in female BALB/c mice to measure blood plasma concentration of the compound at therapeutic dose. At a single dose of 3 mg/kg, SRS27 had a relatively short half-life but was able to achieve a concentration range of 13-19 μM that is related to its in vitro bioactivities. With regard to toxicity profile, SRS27 appears to be safe, as no histopathological changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and ovaries of SRS27-treated female BALB/c mice. In addition, there was no significant change in the mean body weight and organ weight of the animals in the SRS27-treated groups compared with the vehicle-treated control group at the end of the treatment. This fully supports the absence of any significant changes in peripheral blood leukocyte counts of SRS27-treated mice. Rewardingly, this acute toxicity study also revealed that SRS27 has a wide therapeutic window as no toxicity symptoms were detected with a dose up to 60 mg/kg daily when tested for 14 days. These results provide strong justification for further investigation of SRS27 as a potential new anti-asthma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C W Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S R Sagineedu
- International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A C H Yong
- MAHSA University, Lorong Dungun, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S M Sidik
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W S F Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tharkar P, Varanasi R, Wong WSF, Jin CT, Chrzanowski W. Nano-Enhanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Ultrasound for Cancer Treatment and Beyond. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:324. [PMID: 31824930 PMCID: PMC6883936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While ultrasound is most widely known for its use in diagnostic imaging, the energy carried by ultrasound waves can be utilized to influence cell function and drug delivery. Consequently, our ability to use ultrasound energy at a given intensity unlocks the opportunity to use the ultrasound for therapeutic applications. Indeed, in the last decade ultrasound-based therapies have emerged with promising treatment modalities for several medical conditions. More recently, ultrasound in combination with nanomedicines, i.e., nanoparticles, has been shown to have substantial potential to enhance the efficacy of many treatments including cancer, Alzheimer disease or osteoarthritis. The concept of ultrasound combined with drug delivery is still in its infancy and more research is needed to unfold the mechanisms and interactions of ultrasound with different nanoparticles types and with various cell types. Here we present the state-of-art in ultrasound and ultrasound-assisted drug delivery with a particular focus on cancer treatments. Notably, this review discusses the application of high intensity focus ultrasound for non-invasive tumor ablation and immunomodulatory effects of ultrasound, as well as the efficacy of nanoparticle-enhanced ultrasound therapies for different medical conditions. Furthermore, this review presents safety considerations related to ultrasound technology and gives recommendations in the context of system design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Tharkar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramya Varanasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Wu Shun Felix Wong
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig T Jin
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The incidence of Cesarean scar defect (CSD) would increase with the increasing trends of cesarean section delivery. The actual incidence of this condition is unknown, but it had been estimated by hysteroscopy, sonohysterography, or transvaginal ultrasound to be around 50% of patients with cesarean section. CSD is often asymptomatic, but it may produce common symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and pelvic pain. Adverse pregnancy outcomes with scar ectopic pregnancy, uterine rupture had been reported. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging of this condition is seldom performed and reported. This paper is to analyze retrospectively the MRI finding of 158 women, so as to review the MRI findings of CSD, their appearances and measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shun Felix Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wong WSF, Lee TCE. Laparoscopic surgical approach for ovarian dermoid cyst. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmit.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lim JCW, Goh FY, Sagineedu SR, Yong ACH, Sidik SM, Lajis NH, Wong WSF, Stanslas J. A semisynthetic diterpenoid lactone inhibits NF-κB signalling to ameliorate inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse asthma model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 302:10-22. [PMID: 27089844 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGP) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG), two main diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata were previously shown to ameliorate asthmatic symptoms in a mouse model. However, due to inadequacies of both compounds in terms of drug-likeness, DDAG analogues were semisynthesised for assessment of their anti-asthma activity. A selected analogue, 3,19-diacetyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (SRS27), was tested for inhibitory activity of NF-κB activation in TNF-α-induced A549 cells and was subsequently evaluated in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Female BALB/c mice, 6-8weeks old were sensitized on days 0 and 14, and challenged on days 22, 23 and 24 with OVA. Compound or vehicle (3% dimethyl sulfoxide) was administered intraperitoneally 1h before and 11h after each OVA aerosol challenge. On day 25, pulmonary eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, -5 and -13 in BAL fluid, gene expression of inflammatory mediators such as 5-LOX, E-selectin, VCAM-1, CCL5, TNF-α, AMCase, Ym2, YKL-40, Muc5ac, CCL2 and iNOS in animal lung tissues, and serum IgE were determined. SRS27 at 30μM was found to suppress NF-κB nuclear translocation in A549 cells. In the ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model, SRS27 at 3mg/kg displayed a substantial decrease in pulmonary eosinophilia, BAL fluid inflammatory cytokines level, serum IgE production, mucus hypersecretion and gene expression of inflammatory mediators in lung tissues. SRS27 is the first known DDAG analogue effective in ameliorating inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C-W Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F-Y Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S-R Sagineedu
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A C-H Yong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Segi University, Jalan Teknologi, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S M Sidik
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W S F Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - J Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wong WSF. A case of pseudo-Meigs syndrome mismanaged as peritoneal carcinomatosis. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmit.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Guan SP, Tee W, Ng DSW, Chan TK, Peh HY, Ho WE, Cheng C, Mak JC, Wong WSF. Andrographolide protects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative lung injury via augmentation of Nrf2 activity. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1707-18. [PMID: 23146110 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cigarette smoke is a major cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Andrographolide is an active biomolecule isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide has been shown to activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensitive antioxidant transcription factor. As Nrf2 activity is reduced in COPD, we hypothesize that andrographolide may have therapeutic value for COPD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Andrographolide was given i.p. to BALB/c mice daily 2h before 4% cigarette smoke exposure for 1h over five consecutive days. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs were collected for analyses of cytokines, oxidative damage markers and antioxidant activities. BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and used to study the antioxidant mechanism of action of andrographolide. KEY RESULTS Andrographolide suppressed cigarette smoke-induced increases in lavage fluid cell counts; levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IP-10 and KC; and levels of oxidative biomarkers 8-isoprostane, 8-OHdG and 3-nitrotyrosine in a dose-dependent manner. Andrographolide promoted inductions of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in lungs from cigarette smoke-exposed mice. In BEAS-2B cells, andrographolide markedly increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation, promoted binding to antioxidant response element (ARE) and total cellular glutathione level in response to CSE. Andrographolide up-regulated ARE-regulated gene targets including glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, GCL modifier (GCLM) subunit, GPx, GR and heme oxygenase-1 in BEAS-2B cells in response to CSE. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide possesses antioxidative properties against cigarette smoke-induced lung injury probably via augmentation of Nrf2 activity and may have therapeutic potential for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
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Li R, Cheng C, Chong SZ, Lim ARF, Goh YF, Locht C, Kemeny DM, Angeli V, Wong WSF, Alonso S. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 protects against allergic airway inflammation and contact dermatitis in mouse models. Allergy 2012; 67:1250-8. [PMID: 22909095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that prior nasal administration of highly attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 provides effective and sustained protection against lethal challenge with influenza A viruses. The protective effect was mediated by suppressing the production of major pro-inflammatory mediators. To further explore the anti-inflammatory properties of BPZE1, we investigated the effect of BPZE1 nasal pretreatment on two mouse models of allergic disease, allergic airway inflammation, and contact hypersensitivity (CHS). METHODS Allergic reactions were induced in mice nasally pretreated with live attenuated BPZE1 bacteria using the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced CHS models. RESULTS Prior BPZE1 nasal treatment suppressed OVA-induced lung inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment and significantly reduced IgE levels and cytokine production. Similarly, BPZE1 nasal pretreatment markedly inhibited ear swelling, skin inflammation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the DNCB-induced CHS model. For both models, we showed that BPZE1 pretreatment does not affect the sensitization phase. Upon challenge, BPZE1 pretreatment selectively reduced the level of cytokines whose production is increased and did not affect the basal level of other cytokines. Together, our observations suggest that BPZE1 pretreatment specifically targets those cytokine-producing effector cells that are recruited and involved in the inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the broad anti-inflammatory properties of the attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 vaccine candidate and supports its development as a promising agent to prevent and/or treat allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ng FSP, Wong KY, Guan SP, Mustafa FB, Kajiji TS, Bist P, Biswas SK, Wong WSF, Lim LHK. Annexin-1-deficient mice exhibit spontaneous airway hyperresponsiveness and exacerbated allergen-specific antibody responses in a mouse model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1793-803. [PMID: 22092555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are the mainstream drugs used in the treatment and control of inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Annexin-1 (ANXA1) is an anti-inflammatory protein which has been described as an endogenous protein responsible for some anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid effects. Previous studies have identified its importance in other immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cystic fibrosis. ANXA1-deficient ((-/-)) mice are Th2 biased, and ANXA1 N-terminus peptide exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in a rat model of pulmonary inflammation. OBJECTIVE ANXA1 protein is found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics. However, the function of ANXA1 in the pathological development of allergy or asthma is unclear. Thus, in this study we intended to examine the effect of ANXA1 deficiency on allergen-specific antibody responses and airway responses to methacholine (Mch). METHODS ANXA1(-/-) mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with aerosolized OVA. Airway resistance, lung compliance and enhanced pause (PenH) were measured in naïve, sensitized and saline or allergen-challenged wild-type (WT) and ANXA1(-/-) mice. Total and allergen-specific antibodies were measured in the serum. RESULTS We show that allergen-specific and total IgE, IgG2a and IgG2b levels were significantly higher in ANXA1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, naïve ANXA1(-/-) mice displayed higher airway hypersensitivity to inhaled Mch, and significant differences were also observed in allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged ANXA1(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ANXA1(-/-) mice possess multiple features characteristic to allergic asthma, such as airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced antibody responses, suggesting that ANXA1 plays a critical regulatory role in the development of asthma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We postulate that ANXA1 is an important regulatory factor in the development of allergic disease and dysregulation of its expression can lead to pathological changes which may affect disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S P Ng
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore
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Felix Wong WS, Danforn Lim CE. Hormonal treatment for endometriosis associated pelvic pain. Iran J Reprod Med 2011; 9:163-170. [PMID: 26396559 PMCID: PMC4575749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common gynecological problem associated with chronic pelvic pain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of current hormonal treatments of endometriosis associated pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomized Controlled studies identified from databases of Medline and Cochrane Systemic Review groups were pooled. 7 RCTs were recruited for evaluation in this review. Data from these studies were pooled and meta-analysis was performed in three comparison groups: 1) Progestogen versus GnRHa; 2) Implanon versus Progestogen (injection); 3) Combined oral contraceptive pills versus placebo and progestogen. Response to treatment was measured as a reduction in pain score. Pain improvement was defined as improvement ≥1 at the end of treatment. RESULTS There was no significant difference between treatment groups of progestogen and GnRHa (RR: 0.036; CI:-0.030-0.102) for relieving endometriosis associated pelvic pain. Long acting progestogen (Implanon) and Mirena are not inferior to GnRHa and depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) (RR: 0.006; CI:-0.142-0.162). Combined oral contraceptive pills demonstrated effective treatment of relieving endometriosis associated pelvic pain when compared with placebo groups (RR:0.321CI-0.066-0.707). Progestogen was more effective than combined oral contraceptive pills in controlling dysmenorrhea (RR:-0.160; CI:-0.386-0.066), however, progestogen is associated with more side effects like spotting and bloating than the combined contraceptive pills. CONCLUSION Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP), GnRHa and progestogens are equally effective in relieving endometriosis associated pelvic pain. COCP and progestogens are relatively cheap and more suitable for long-term use as compared to GnRHa. Long-term RCT of medicated contraceptive devices like Mirena and Implanon are required to evaluate their long-term effects on relieving the endometriosis associated pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shun Felix Wong
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chi Eung Danforn Lim
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Wong WSF, Lim CED, Luo X. Inguinal endometriosis: an uncommon differential diagnosis as an inguinal tumour. ISRN Obstet Gynecol 2010; 2011:272159. [PMID: 21637357 PMCID: PMC3102586 DOI: 10.5402/2011/272159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inguinal endometriosis can present as a rare tumor when it occurs outside the abdomen and pelvis. We present a patient with a painful tumor in the right inguinal region, where its diagnosis was made before the operation. This enabled a conservative excisional surgery to be performed. The literature is reviewed and the diagnosis as well as management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shun Felix Wong
- School of Women & Childrens Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Wang Y, Luo XP, Lim CED, Wong WSF, Zhong G. Regulatory Effect of Peptidoglycan on the Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 mRNA and Proteins in Trophoblast Cell Line TEV-1 Cells. ISRN Obstet Gynecol 2010; 2011:692858. [PMID: 21647232 PMCID: PMC3101954 DOI: 10.5402/2011/692858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the regulatory effect of peptidoglycan on the expression of human Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) mRNA and proteins in the human extravillous trophoblast cell line (TEV-1). Methods. TEV-1 cells were incubated with different doses of peptidoglycan. The expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry SP staining.
Results. TLR2 was expressed in TEV-1 cells and localized to both the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Compared with the untreated control, TEV-1 cells incubated with 30 μg/ml peptidoglycan significantly upregulated the expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein after 12 hours of treatment (P < .01). However, the expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein was decreased but had no significant difference compared with the control (P > .05) after 24 hours of treatment. On the other hand, 10 μg/ml peptidoglycan did not seem to have regulatory effect on mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 (P > .05). Conclusion. Peptidoglycan has a role in regulating the expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein in TEV-1 cells. It suggests that the trophoblast cells may play important role in the immune response at the fetal-maternal interface and affect the result of pregnancy by expressing TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital and Health Institute, Guangzhou, 510010, China
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Wong WSF, Lee TCE, Lim CED. Novel Vaginal “Paper Roll” Uterine Morcellation Technique for Removal of Large (>500 g) Uterus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010; 17:374-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Eung Danforn Lim
- Division of Chinese Medicine, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny M. Wilkinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wu Shun Felix Wong
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nga Chong Lisa Cheng
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is a common endocrinopathy seen not only in adult women but also in female adolescents nowadays, is associated with reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular problems. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review the current evidence on managing PCOS in adolescence. In addition, the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentations and existing diagnostic criteria of PCOS will also be discussed. DISCUSSION Certain risk factors are available to assist the clinicians to identify adolescents at risk of PCOS as the signs can be masked by the normal physiological changes during puberty. It is important to screen and diagnose adolescent PCOS in order to prevent the development of future infertility, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and even endometrial cancer. Lifestyle modification is of the greatest benefit for adolescents in terms of management, with the condition that full support is available from both the clinicians and their families. The psychological impact of PCOS also constitutes a major concern in adolescent PCOS.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies used to relieve the menopausal symptoms. DESIGN Comprehensive literature search was conducted through the databases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), NCCAM (The National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) to identify relevant monographs in English language. RESULTS Studies have shown that some therapies such as clonidine, selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) and gabapentin are effective in decreasing the degree and frequency of somatic symptoms in menopause, while phytooestrogens and black cohosh have shown mixed results. Use of Ginseng, evening primrose, Dong Quai or vitamin E appears not to be efficacious for the relieving hot flushes. Other effects of these therapies including possible improvements in mood are yet to be substantiated. INCLUSION CRITERIA All available human complementary medicine studies on menopausal women with regard to the relief of menopausal symptoms. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria, published in languages other than English or animal studies. CONCLUSION There is a general lacking of longer-term follow-up beyond the trial lengths of 6-12 weeks in the use of CAM, although women may be taking these medications for many years. Well-designed, randomised control trials are needed to elucidate the true effect of these therapies above the placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Chi Ken Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liverpool Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Chen A, Liao WP, Lu Q, Wong WSF, Wong PTH. Upregulation of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2, spectrin alpha II chain, heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 and tropomodulin 2 after focal cerebral ischemia in rats--a proteomics approach. Neurochem Int 2007; 50:1078-86. [PMID: 17196711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there are an increasing number of proteomics studies that investigated the alterations in the protein expression relevant to human diseases but none for stroke. We, therefore, attempted such a study in a paradigm of focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia by unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Global protein analysis was performed after 24h on the lesioned and sham-control cerebral cortex using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots with more than a 3-fold change in intensity were identified by mass spectrometry. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) caused infarct volume of 18-22% predominantly in the cortex of the lesioned hemisphere. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved about 1500 protein spots of which only 12 were significantly upregulated by 3-46-fold. Three spots were identified to be dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2, also known as collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) or turned on after division, 64 kD protein (TOAD-64)). The spots varied in pI values only and this may reflect different phosphorylation status of the same protein. Two spots were identified as spectrin alpha II chain (rat fragment, also known as alpha-fodrin or non-erythroid alpha chain, SPNA-2); and one spot each for heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 (HSC70-ps1, also known as heat shock protein 8 pseudogene 1), and tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2). The upregulation of protein expression was corroborated by observed upregulation of mRNA expression. The remaining five spots were not identified satisfactorily. As DRP-2, spectrin, and Tmod2 are involved in axonal and neurite growth as well as synaptic plasticity and maturation, the presently observed upregulation of the expression of these proteins may indicate active neuroregeneration and repair at 24h after the induction of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 18 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Seow CJ, Chue SC, Duan W, Yeo KSL, Koh AHM, Wong WSF. Effects of inhibitors of the tyrosine signalling cascade on antigen challenge of guinea pig airways in vitro. Ann Acad Med Singap 2004; 33:S41-3. [PMID: 15651201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Seow
- Department of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Wang XH, Oon HL, Ho GWP, Wong WSF, Lim TM, Leung KY. Internalization and cytotoxicity are important virulence mechanisms in Vibrio-fish epithelial cell interactions. Microbiology (Reading) 1998; 144 ( Pt 11):2987-3002. [PMID: 9846734 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-11-2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio damselae are Gram-negative bacteria that cause systemic infections called vibriosis in fish. They can enter fish cells and survive as intracellular parasites. The host-pathogen interactions between these Vibrio species and the fish epithelial cell lines epithelioma papillosum of carp (EPC) and grunt-fin tissue (GF) cells, were examined using phase-contrast, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. In addition, potential signal transduction pathways that precede bacterial internalization were studied by using signal transduction inhibitors. Some Vibrio species induced morphological changes in fish cells and this allowed classification into a cytopathic group and a noncytopathic group. The cytopathic group could be subdivided into two invasive groups (I and II) and a cytotoxic group. Of the invasive strains V. anguillarum 811218-5W (group I) and G/Virus/5(3) (group II), genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, only inhibited internalization of V. anguillarum G/Virus/5(3) into EPC cells, whereas staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, accelerated internalization of both strains. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of microfilament polymerization, prevented internalization of both strains, whilst vincristin, a microtubule inhibitor, only inhibited internalization of V. anguillarum G/Virus/5(3). For the cytotoxic strain V. damselae ATCC 33539, extracellular products (ECP) alone caused morphological changes in EPC and GF. Bacterial internalization may not be important in the pathogenesis of this group. The non-cytopathic strain V. anguillarum S2/5/93(2) did not enter cells or induce any changes in EPC and GF monolayers. This study has identified some major differences between Vibrio species in their interactions with fish cells in vitro and will thus facilitate future studies of the molecular basis of pathogenesis of vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Wang
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science University of Singapore,10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
| | - H L Oon
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science University of Singapore,10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
| | - G W P Ho
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science University of Singapore,10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
| | - W S F Wong
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicinezNational University of Singapore10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
| | - T M Lim
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science University of Singapore,10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
| | - K Y Leung
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science University of Singapore,10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260
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Tan E, Low KW, Wong WSF, Leung KY. Internalization of Aeromonas hydrophila by fish epithelial cells can be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Microbiology (Reading) 1998; 144 ( Pt 2):299-307. [PMID: 9493367 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-2-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic in fish, causing motile aeromonad septicaemia. It can enter (invade) fish cells, and survive as an intracellular parasite. The host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction pathway were studied by screening signal transduction inhibitors using carp epithelial cells and a virulent strain of the bacterium, PPD134/91. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, postponed internalization of A. hydrophila into host cells, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation plays a role in internalization. In contrast, staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, and sodium orthovanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, accelerated internalization of PPD134/91. Other virulent strains of A. hydrophila were also examined and it is likely that all strains, irrespective of serogroup, use the same signalling pathway to facilitate bacterial uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - K W Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - W S F Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - K Y Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
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Wong WSF, Tattersall MHN. Immunohistochemical determination of tumour growth fraction in human ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(90)90769-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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