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Lee HI, Lee HI, Lee S, Song WC. Cutaneous nerve distribution around first extensor compartment of the wrist: Clinical implications for ultrasound-guided injections. JPRAS Open 2024; 39:321-329. [PMID: 38380184 PMCID: PMC10878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the course of the cutaneous nerve regarding the first extensor compartment to determine whether the dorsal or volar approach is safer for local injection into the first extensor compartment guided by ultrasound. Methods We dissected the radial side of the wrists from 28 cadavers (52 wrists). Four-points along the imaginary line were set: the styloid process and 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm proximal to the styloid process. The numbers of superficial radial nerve (SRN) and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) branches were counted, and distances from the imaginary line at these points and nerve diameters were recorded. Digital images were superimposed to observe overall distribution of cutaneous nerve. Results There were means of 3.3 SRN and 0.9 LACN branches observed in each wrist. The mean number of both SRN and LACN branches was 2.3 on the dorsal side and 1.9 on the volar side. The superimposed images indicated that both the dorsal and volar sides comprised abundant cutaneous nerves and that their paths varied markedly between patients. However, we observed that larger nerves with meaningful diameters were more abundant on the dorsal than the volar side. Conclusion There were similar numbers of cutaneous nerves on both the dorsal and volar sides; however, we observed greater abundance of thicker cutaneous nerves on the dorsal side, and these were closer to the reference line than on the volar side. This anatomical study suggests that the risk imposed to cutaneous nerves would therefore be reduced when injection on the volar side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Il Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, 170, Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 11, Yatap-ro 65beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Shin HJ, Kim HJ, Song WC. Superimposition Study to Determine the Angular Arterial Distribution and Its Clinical Application. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:706-711. [PMID: 37104463 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the angular artery (AA) in the medial canthal area with the aim of defining an arterial course to prevent AA injury during facial surgery in this region. METHODS The authors dissected 36 hemifaces of 18 cadavers. The horizontal distance from the vertical level through the medial canthus to the AAs was measured. The AA course of each specimen was then recorded, and all of them were then superimposed to determine the AA course. The diameter and depth of the AA around the medial canthal area were also investigated using ultrasonography on living subjects. RESULTS The horizontal distances from the medial canthus level and 2 cm below the medial canthus were 9.0 ± 2.0 mm (mean ± SD) and 1.9 ± 2.4 mm, respectively. The superimposed image demonstrated that most of the AAs were present inside the vertical line through the medial canthus. Ultrasonography indicated that the AA was 2.3 ± 0.9 mm below the skin and 1.7 ± 0.3 mm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS The AA course was relatively constant along the nasojugal fold. The AAs were most often present between the middle of the medial canthus and the facial midline, but were very scarce in both the medial and lateral thirds. Knowledge of the detailed course of the AA may help surgeons to avoid arterial injury and decrease the risk of surgical morbidities around the nasal root and medial canthal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
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Park JA, Yeo IS, Lee HI, Shin HJ, Koh KS, Song WC. Lateral branches of the facial artery and its clinical implications. Clin Anat 2022; 35:1142-1146. [PMID: 35811399 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The facial artery is the main artery supplying blood to the face and is known to have facial branches of the inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal and angular arteries. These known major branches of facial artery run medially, however, there are sometimes branches of the facial artery heading laterally. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lateral branches of the facial artery in face. We dissected facial branches of the facial artery in 74 cadaveric hemifaces. We investigated the presence of the lateral branches of the facial artery. Following parameters were investigated: lateral branch presence, the location of its origin, and the lateral branch diameter. Among the lateral branches, we evaluated the prevalence and diameter of the premasseteric branch. Lateral branches were observed in 48 of the 74 hemifaces (64.9%). The total number was 81 in the 48 hemifaces. The most common origin was between the inferior border of the mandible and inferior labial artery origin (42 of 81, 51.9%). The mean diameter of all lateral branches of the facial artery was 0.7 mm. Among the lateral branches, the premasseteric branches were present in 38 of 74 specimen (51.4%) and the mean diameter was 0.8 mm. The lateral branches of the facial artery may be registered in Terminologia Anatomica based on their prevalence. Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the lateral branches of the facial artery is helpful for clinicians to avoid complications during facial procedures or maxillofacial surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Yeo
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JA, Lee YJ, Yeo IS, Koh KS, Song WC. Three-dimensional linear and volumetric computed tomography analysis of the frontal sinus. Anat Cell Biol 2022; 55:142-147. [PMID: 35773217 PMCID: PMC9256494 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The frontal sinus is one of the four paranasal sinuses in humans, and knowledge of its anatomy is important when performing surgery involving the frontal bone or sinus. Although many studies have measured the frontal sinus using radiography and computed tomography (CT), few studies have evaluated by using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frontal sinus using 3D reconstruction analysis and determine the differences in linear and volumetric measurements between sexes, sides, and ages. The sample comprised 281 facial CT scans: 173 and 108 from males and females, respectively. The width, height, and length of each frontal sinus and total volume were all larger in males than in females. Almost all linear and volumetric measurements were larger in young adults than in older for both sexes, but not all of the differences were statistically significant. Linear and volumetric measurements were larger for males than females regardless of age group. There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides except the width in males. The size of the frontal sinus was strongly influenced by sex and age. The measurements reported here might be useful for improving surgical procedures involving the frontal sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seung Yeo
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin HJ, You JW, Koh KS, Song WC. Topography of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland for treating epiphora using botulinum toxin injection. Clin Anat 2022; 35:861-866. [PMID: 35384059 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the location of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland using external landmarks to facilitate effective botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections for epiphora treatment. METHODS Dissections were performed on 45 hemifaces from 27 cadavers. The length, anterior protrusion, and thickness of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland were measured directly. The midpoint of the line running horizontal through the medial and lateral canthus was used as the horizontal reference point. Vertical lines perpendicular to the midpoint of the horizontal reference line were the vertical reference lines. The angles from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center and to the frontal tubercle were also measured. RESULTS The length and thickness of the lacrimal gland were 12.8 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively. The lacrimal gland had an anterior protrusion of 4.1 mm from the superolateral orbital margin. The superior and inferior margins of the lacrimal gland were located 35.7 degrees and 15.8 degrees from the two reference lines, respectively. The angle from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center was 35.1 degrees, which was similar to that to the frontal tubercle (34.4 degrees). CONCLUSION The orbital part of the lacrimal gland was more inferior in elderly subjects and the angle between the horizontal reference line and its center was 35.1 degrees, which was similar to the location of the frontal tubercle. The location of this tubercle can help clinicians to perform BTX-A injections into the lacrimal gland, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of epiphora treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won You
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JA, Lee SH, Hwang SJ, Koh KS, Song WC. Anatomic, histologic, and ultrasound analyses of the dorsum of the hand for volumetric rejuvenation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:1615-1620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lee JS, Yeo IS, Lee HI, Park JA, Koh KS, Song WC. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the luminal structure of human seminal vesicle. J Anat 2020; 237:1006-1014. [PMID: 33085100 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The seminal vesicles are the glands of male reproductive organs that produce the fluid and nutrient constituents of semen. It has been believed for a long time that the lumen of a seminal vesicle was a single-coiled tubular structure with irregular diverticula. There are several previous reports on the symmetry, differences in morphological sizes and classification of the seminal vesicles. However, a three-dimensional-coiled tubular structure is difficult to understand using a classical anatomical methodology, and hence, three-dimensional reconstruction is needed to understand the structure of the lumen. Thirty-one seminal vesicles harvested from 21 formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated. The seminal vesicle along with the ampulla of the ductus deferens was separated, and the length and width of each seminal vesicle were measured. The vesicles were then embedded in coloured paraffin, and the resulting paraffin block was sectioned transversely and photographed at an interval of 500 μm, with the sectioned surfaces then utilized in three-dimensional reconstruction performed by 'Reconstruct' software. The mean length and width of the seminal vesicles were 39.4 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively, and the right seminal vesicle was a little larger than the one on the left. The size differed from previous reports, while the luminal structure was similar to the classification of Aboul-azm (Archives of Andrology, 3, 1979, 287-292) but differed from that of Pereira (AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology, 69, 1953, 361-379). The seminal vesicles typically comprised about 9 curls and had about 12 diverticula. The seminal vesicles resembled a skein of coral rather than comprising a single strand. These findings will help in improving the understanding of pathophysiologies of the seminal vesicles, such as recurrent inflammation of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Sung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Seung Yeo
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-In Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Macro/microscopic distribution of the dorsal nerve of penis in human glans penis. J Anat 2020; 237:849-853. [PMID: 32683709 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the macroscopic and microscopic distributions of the dorsal nerve of penis (DNP) that provides the greatest sensitivity over the glans penis. The glandes of 23 penises of formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated to confirm the macroscopic and microscopic distributions of the DNP within the glans penis by whole-mount Sihler's staining and histological sectioning. Superficial regions of the mid-glans were reconstructed in three dimensions to define the microstructure of terminal branches of the DNP that project towards the skin surface. A mean of 6.7 bundles of the DNP consisting of several nerve fibres converged linearly towards the distal end of the penis, rather than diverging laterally as they travelled. Lateral branches of the DNP extended linearly to the distal end with ramifications, while dorsomedial branches of the DNP gave off nerve fibres to the dorsum of the mid-glans and the corona. The intrastromal ramifications of the DNP were more developed in the distal half of the glans penis than the proximal glans containing the corpus cavernosum. These ramifications gave rise to radial nerve fibres that project towards the skin surface to form a plexiform network of terminal branches in the dermis. Linear projections of the main branches of the DNP throughout the glans and fine networks of terminal branches in the dermis were distinctly visualized in the human penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SH, Kim JN, Shin KJ, Koh KS, Song WC. Three-dimensional microstructures of the intracortical canals in the animal model of osteoporosis. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:162-168. [PMID: 32647084 PMCID: PMC7343558 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major disease in aged women, increasing the risk for fractures accompanied by changes in the microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) histomorphology of femur diaphysis in the animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The cortical bone of femur diaphysis of the rat was serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 mm and evaluated age-associated changes of the intracortical (osteonal) canal networks three-dimensionally. Cortical microstructures of 10-month old rats were not affected by ovariectomy. Intracortical canal networks were radial toward endosteal aspect and frequently interconnected across the neighboring canals with short arciform and irregular canals reminiscent for resorption spaces in ovarectomized 16-month old rats, contrary to intact canals in 16-month old control rat. Increased proportion of the periosteal circumference lamella and deformed endosteal regions with rare cortical canals hampered reconstructive histomorphology in ovarectomized rats of 26 month age. We have shown that 3D reconstruction of rat femur of the aged model over 16-month old is suitable methods that evaluate and microstructural change of the intracortical canals and cortical bone porosity by estrogen depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungnam College of Information & Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin HJ, Lee SH, Ha TJ, Song WC, Lee AG, Koh KS. Intramuscular Nerves of the Inferior Rectus Muscle: Distribution and Characteristics. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1598-1603. [PMID: 32478585 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1776333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge of the distribution of intramuscular nerves of the extraocular muscles is crucial for understanding their function. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the intramuscular distribution of the oculomotor nerve within the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) using Sihler's staining. METHOD Ninety-three IRM from 50 formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated. The IRM including its branches of the oculomotor nerve was finely dissected from its origin to the point where it inserted into the sclera. The intramuscular nerve course was investigated after performing Sihler's whole-mount nerve staining technique that stains the nerves while rendering other soft tissues either translucent or transparent. RESULTS The oculomotor nerve enters the IRM around the distal one-fourth of the muscle and then divides into multiple smaller branches. The intramuscular nerve course finishes around the distal three-fifth of the IRM in gross observations. The types of branching patterns of the IRM could be divided into two subcategories based on whether or not topographic segregation was present: (1) no significant compartmental segregation (55.9% of cases) and (2) a several-zone pattern with possible segregation (44.1% of cases). Possible compartmentalization was less clear for the IRM, which contained overlapping mixed branches between different trunks. CONCLUSION Sihler's staining is a useful technique for visualizing the gross nerve distribution of the IRM. The new information about the nerve distribution and morphological features provided by this study will improve the understanding of the biomechanics of the IRM, and could be useful for strabismus surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Texas A and M College of Medicine , College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics , Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Space Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buffalo , New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JA, Ha TJ, Lee JS, Song WC, Koh KS. Use of the orbito-occipital line as an alternative to the Frankfort line. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:21-26. [PMID: 32274245 PMCID: PMC7118258 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frankfort horizontal line, the line passing through the orbitale and porion, is one of the most widely used intracranial landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigated the use of the orbito-occipital line extending from the orbitale to the external occipital protuberance as a novel horizontal line of the skull for substituting the Frankfort horizontal line. We evaluated the reproducibility of the new landmark and measured the angle between the orbito-occipital line and the Frankfort line. This study was conducted on 170 facial computed tomography (CT) scans of living adults from the Department of Plastic Surgery. After three-dimensionally reconstructed images were obtained from facial CT, the porion, orbitale, and external occipital protuberance were indicated by two observers twice. The angles between the orbito-meatal line (inferior orbital rim to porion; the Frankfort line) and the orbito-occipital line (inferior orbital rim to external occipital protuberance) were measured. There was no significant intraobserver or interobserver bias. The overall angle between the Frankfort line and orbito-occipital line was −0.5°±2.2° (mean±standard deviation). There was no statistically significant difference among side and sex. This study demonstrated good reproducibility of a new landmark—the external occipital protuberance—tested to replace the porion. The orbito-occipital line is a reliable, reproducible, and easily identifiable line, and has potential as a novel standard horizontal line to replace or at least supplement the Frankfort line in anthropological studies and certain clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Sung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park JA, Lee SH, Ha TJ, Lee JS, Lee HI, Kim SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Location of the split line of the deep temporal fascia when reducing a zygomatic arch fracture. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:1130-1134. [PMID: 32115380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deep temporal fascia (DTF) is known to separate into two layers that descend to attach to the zygomatic arch. When surgeons reduce an isolated fracture of the zygomatic arch through a temporal approach, the temporal incision site needs to be superior to the split line of the DTF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-seven hemifacial cadavers were investigated after removing the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial temporal fascia. The superficial layer of the DTF was exposed. We cut the superficial layer along the line along, which it adhered to the deep layer inseparably. The heights of the split line of the DTF from the superior border of the zygomatic arch and from the top of the helix were measured at three points: at the jugale, zygion, and 3 cm from the tragus. RESULTS In all cases there were thick identifiable deep layers of the DTF. The mean heights of the split line of the DTF from the superior border of the zygomatic arch were 49.8, 46.7, and 42.6 mm at the jugale, zygion, and 3 cm from the tragus, respectively; the corresponding mean heights of the split line from the top of the helix were 19.1, 15.6, and 11.4 mm. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the mean height of the split line of the DTF will be helpful for surgeons to determine the temporal incision site for ensuring the safe reduction of a zygomatic arch fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Park
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Lee
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Lee
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Heum Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Departments of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shin KJ, Lee SH, Ha TJ, Shin HJ, Koh KS, Song WC, Paik DJ. Position and size of the sphenoid door jamb in the lateral orbital wall for the orbital decompression. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:242-249. [PMID: 31598352 PMCID: PMC6773894 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the three-dimensional topography of the sphenoid door jamb (SDJ) in the lateral orbital wall and to propose navigational guidelines for safe deep lateral decompression using surgical landmarks. The 120 orbits and SDJs of 60 subjects were three-dimensionally reconstructed using Mimics software. The mean volumes of the orbit and SDJ were 24.3 mm3 and 2.0 mm3, respectively. The mean distances from the lateral orbital margin (LOM) to the anterior and posterior margins of the SDJ were 13.2 and 36.3 mm, respectively. The mean distances from the superior orbital fissure to the LOM and to the posterior margin of the SDJ were 40.2 mm and 4.6 mm, respectively. The mean distances from the inferior orbital fissure (IOF) to the anterior and posterior margins of the SDJ were 3.8 mm and 20.5 mm, respectively. In the superior approach of the orbit, it can be predicted that the area up to 3 cm posterior from the LOM is safe, while 1 cm posterior from the safe zone could be a dangerous zone. In the inferior approach of the orbit, the safe area will be about 1 cm posterior from the anterior tip of the IOF, and the area up to 1 cm posterior from the safe zone should be approached with extreme care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Paik
- Department of Medical Education, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Purpose: The intramuscular nerve distribution in the extraocular muscles is important for understanding their function. This study aimed to determine the intramuscular nerve distribution of the oculomotor nerve within the inferior oblique muscle (IO) using Sihler's staining.Method: Seventy-two IOs from 50 formalin-embalmed cadavers were investigated. The IO including its branch of the oculomotor nerve was finely dissected from its origin to its insertion point into the sclera. The total length of the muscle and its width were measured. The intramuscular nerve course was investigated after performing Sihler's staining, which is a whole-mount nerve-staining technique that stains the nerves while rendering other soft tissues either translucent or transparent.Results: The total length of the muscle and muscle width were 30.0 ± 2.8 mm (mean±standard deviation), 8.8 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The oculomotor nerve enters the IO around the middle of the muscle and then divides into multiple smaller branches without distinct subdivisions. The intramuscular nerve distribution within the IO has a root-like arborization and supplies the entire width of the muscle. The Sihler's stained intramuscular nerve course (covering a length of 7.6 ± 1.2 mm) finishes around the distal one-third of the IO in gross observations.Conclusion: Sihler's staining is a useful technique for visualizing the gross nerve distribution of the IO. This new information about the nerve distribution and morphological features will improve the understanding of the biomechanics of the IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE The intramuscular nerve distribution in the extraocular muscles may be crucial for understanding their physiological and pathological responses. This study aimed to determine the oculomotor nerve distribution in the medial rectus muscle (MR) using Sihler's staining. METHOD Thirty-seven MRs from 23 cadavers were investigated. The MR including the oculomotor nerve was finely dissected from its origin to its insertion point into the sclera. The total length of the muscle-belly, tendon length and maximum width of the muscle were measured. We evaluated the pattern of distribution and the length of the intramuscular nerve distribution by gross observation after performing Sihler's staining, which is a method for visualizing the distribution of nerve fibers without alteration of the nerve. RESULTS The total length of the muscle-belly, tendon length, and muscle width were 37.6 ± 4.6 mm, 4.4 ± 1.9 mm, and 10 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. The oculomotor nerve enters the MR at a mean of two-fifths along the muscle (24 ± 2.0 mm posterior to the insertion point) and then typically divides into a few branches (mean of 2.1). The intramuscular nerve distribution showed a Y-shaped ramification, forming the terminal nerve plexus, and its course typically finished at around 17 ± 1.5 mm posterior to the muscle insertion point by gross observation. The nerve plexus in the upper part generally coursed more distally than the lower part. CONCLUSION This new information regarding the nerve distribution pattern of MR will be helpful for understanding MR function and the diverse pathophysiology of strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- b Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- b Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- b Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- b Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Shin HJ, Song WC, Lee SH, Ha HJ, Koh KS. Consistency of the lateral canthus as an anatomic landmark and its clinical implications. Clin Anat 2019; 32:630-634. [PMID: 30807676 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Successful oculofacial procedures require the availability of a reliable surgical and anatomic landmark. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the lateral canthus as a surface landmark. Seventy-seven from 42 Korean cadavers were dissected. The horizontal distance from the lateral canthus to the lateral orbital margin and the vertical distances from the zygomaticofrontal suture and the inferior orbital margin to the lateral canthus were measured. The mean horizontal distance from the lateral canthus to the lateral orbital margin was 7.8 mm. Although the horizontal position of the lateral canthus appears to alter with age, the variation was only 2-3 mm. The mean vertical distances from the zygomaticofrontal suture and inferior orbital margin to the lateral canthus were 8.1 and 17.2 mm. The vertical position of the lateral canthus did not vary with age, being located inferiorly within a fingernail width from the zygomaticofrontal suture. The lateral canthus, which is easily accessible and supported by muscular and fibrous lateral orbital attachments, exhibits small anatomic variations. Thus, the lateral canthus could act as a reliable surface landmark for identifying the location of underlying structures and describing a lesion on the face. Clin. Anat. 32:630-634, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JA, Lee JS, Koh KS, Song WC. Using the zygomatic arch as a reference line for clinical applications and anthropological studies. Surg Radiol Anat 2018; 41:501-505. [PMID: 30552488 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Frankfurt line is the most frequently and widely used reference line in cephalometric analysis, but has shortcomings including the difficulty of landmark identification. This study investigated using the superior border of the zygomatic arch as a new external bony landmark, including measuring the angle between the new reference line and the Frankfurt line. METHODS Facial computed tomography scans were obtained from 170 patients (100 males and 70 females) hospitalized at Konkuk University Chungju Hospital. After three-dimensional reconstruction, the locations of the porion and the inferior orbital rim and the superior border of the zygomatic arch were identified twice by two observers using software. A horizontal line parallel to the superior border of the zygomatic arch was established. The angle between the Frankfurt line and new reference line was then measured on each side. RESULTS There was no significant intraobserver or interobserver bias. The angle between the Frankfurt line and the superior border of the zygomatic arch was 4.5° ± 2.5° (mean ± SD), and it was somewhat larger in females than males, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the good reproducibility of the location of the superior border of the zygomatic arch and found that the angle between the new reference line and the Frankfurt line is relatively constant. The superior border of the zygomatic arch therefore has potential as an alternative reference line to the Frankfurt line in specific clinical applications and anthropological studies, since it is a more accessible bony landmark on the external skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The corpus spongiosum reportedly occupies a larger proportion of the human glans penis than does the penile body, embedding the end of the corpus cavernosus (CC). However, anatomic descriptions about the fibrous structures of glans penis in the literature cause confusion during dissection and reconstructive surgery. Forty-five penises of formalin-embalmed cadavers were dissected sagittally along the course of the distal urethra and observed macroscopically. Dense connective tissues adjacent to the fossa navicularis and spongiosum parts of the glans were cropped, and underwent Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-Van-Gieson staining. Most (55.5%) of the specimens had distinct fibrous bands toward the distal tips of the glans penis, which elongated from the tunica albuginea of the CC. They comprised longitudinal collagen bundles continuous to the outer longitudinal layer of the tunica albuginea covering the CC and were intermingled with sparse elastic fibres. This architecture either did not reach the distal end of the glans penis (35.5% of cases), or was obscure or dispersed in all directions (9.0% of cases). The structural dimorphism and the variations in the ratio of dense connective tissue components of the fibrous skeleton are considered to contribute to the varying degrees of flexibility, distensibility and rigidity of the human glans penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jo A, Lee SH, Song WC, Shin HJ. Effects of ostium granulomas and intralesional steroid injections on the surgical outcome in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1993-2000. [PMID: 29858678 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of granuloma formation in the ostium and intralesional steroid injections (ISIs) on the surgical outcome after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). METHODS One hundred and eighty-three cases involving 142 patients were enrolled. The ostium granulomas were classified according to their location relative to the internal common opening (superior, anterior, and posterior positions) and to the vicinity of the ostium (inner, edge, and extra types). If an ostium granuloma was observed during the follow-up and its size increased, ISIs were performed using 0.3 ml of 40 mg/ml triamcinolone acetonide. The surgical outcomes were compared between cases with and without ostium granulomas and also between each granuloma position and type. RESULTS Ostium granulomas occurred in 71 (38.8%) of the 183 cases, and an ISI was applied in 65 cases with a mean of 2.1 injections. All of the granulomas regressed successfully after ISIs, with the success rate not differing between the cases with (85.9%) and without (83.9%) granuloma. There was no association between granuloma location and surgical outcome. However, the functional outcome was worse (60%) for inner granulomas (which are located within the ostial base) than for extra (87.8%) and edge (98%) granulomas. CONCLUSIONS ISIs can be easily applied by a surgeon to help regress an ostium granuloma and improve the ostial patency after DCR. Inner ostium granulomas are associated with a worse functional outcome, and the initiation of an early corrective intervention such as an ISI should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aerin Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Oblique thyroarytenoid muscle in humans: An independent muscle or an accessory belly? Laryngoscope 2018; 128:1634-1638. [PMID: 29332305 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to determine the prevalence and morphological variations of the oblique thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in humans. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric anatomic dissections. METHODS One hundred hemilarynges from 50 formalin-embalmed cadavers were dissected to investigate the morphology of muscle fibers of the TA muscle. RESULTS Thirty-six (36%) hemilarynges were found to have a distinct oblique belly superficial to the TA muscle. In 28 cases, the belly had a relatively constant origin and an insertion that extended straight onto the TA muscle from the anterosuperior area of the internal surface of the thyroid lamina to the base of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. Eight cases were located in a similar area but with some differences in the origin or insertion features. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that the oblique TA muscle has a high prevalence and probably acts to close and relax the vocal cords. It remains to be determined whether the oblique TA muscle is an independent muscle or an accessory belly of the main TA muscle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:1634-1638, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin KJ, Shin HJ, Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Surgical anatomy of the superficial temporal artery to prevent facial nerve injury during arterial biopsy. Clin Anat 2017; 31:608-613. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Dong-A University College of Medicine; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Hwang SJ, Koh KS, Song WC, Han SD. Macroscopic Innervation of the Dura Mater Covering the Middle Cranial Fossa in Humans Correlated to Neurovascular Headache. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:127. [PMID: 29311855 PMCID: PMC5742225 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminovascular system within the cranial dura mater is a possible cause of headaches. The aim of this study is to investigate macroscopically dural innervation around the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in the middle cranial fossa. Forty-four sides of the cranial dura overlying the skull base obtained from 24 human cadavers were stained using Sihler’s method. Overall, the nervus spinosus (NS) from either the maxillary or mandibular trigeminal divisions ran along the lateral wall of the middle meningeal vein rather than that of the MMA. Distinct bundles of the NS running along the course of the frontal branches of the MMA were present in 81.8% of cases (N = 36). Others did not form dominant nerve bundles, instead giving off free nerve endings along the course of the MMA or dural connective tissue. The distribution of these nerve endings was similar to that of the course of the frontal, parietal and petrosal branches of the MMA (11.4%). The others were not restricted to a perivascular plexus, crossing the dural connective tissues far from the MMA (6.8%). These findings indicate that the NS generally travels alongside the course of the frontal branches of the MMA and terminates in the vicinity of the pterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Don Han
- Department of Medical Education, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Posterior projections of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (the ophthalmic nerve) are distributed in the tentorium cerebelli as recurrent meningeal branches. We investigated the morphological tentorial distribution of the ophthalmic nerve. Fifty-two sides of the tentorium cerebelli and adjacent dura mater obtained from 29 human specimens were stained using Sihler's method to examine the nerve fibres in the dural sheets. The innervation patterns of the tentorium cerebelli were classified into the following four types according to their distributions: Type 1, where nerve fibres projected to both the straight and transverse sinuses; Type 2, where nerve fibres projected only to the transverse sinus and lateral convexity; Type 3, where nerve fibres projected medially only to the straight sinus and the posterior part of the falx cerebri; and Type 4, where the nerve fibres terminated within the tentorium cerebelli. Images of the tentorium cerebelli were superimposed to identify areas of dense innervation. The incidence rates of Types 1-4 were 71.2% (n = 37), 21.2% (n = 11), 3.8% (n = 2) and 3.8% (n = 2), respectively. More branches of nerve fibres traversed towards the transverse sinus posterolaterally than towards the straight sinus medially. The space between the anterior half of the straight sinus and the medial tentorial notch can be considered a safe surgical area where innervation is scarce. The posterior part of the falx cerebri was innervated by the ophthalmic nerve that traversed to the straight sinus. The parietal branches of the middle meningeal artery in the lateral convexity that were projected orthogonally by the ophthalmic nerve traversed the transverse sinus, implicating their vulnerability and possible sensitivity under physiological or neurosurgical conditions. This study has revealed the macroscopic tentorial innervation of the dura mater in humans, which could be useful information for both neurosurgeons and neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin KJ, Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC. Three-dimensional and topographic relationships between the orbital margins with reference to assessment of eyeball protrusion. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:41-47. [PMID: 28417054 PMCID: PMC5386925 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the topographic relationships among the eyeball and four orbital margins with the aim of identifying the correlation between orbital geometry and eyeball protrusion in Koreans. Three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of the face was performed using serial computed-tomography images of 141 Koreans, and several landmarks on the bony orbit and the cornea were directly marked on the 3D volumes. The anterior-posterior distances from the apex of the cornea to each orbital margin and between the orbital margins were measured in both eyes. The distances from the apex of the cornea to the superior, medial, inferior, and lateral orbital margins were 5.8, 5.8, 12.0, and 17.9 mm, respectively. Differences between sides were observed in all of the orbital margins, and the distances from the apex of the cornea to the superior and inferior orbital margins were significantly greater in females than in males. The anterior-posterior distance between the superior and inferior orbital margins did not differ significantly between males (6.3 mm) and females (6.2 mm). The data obtained in this study will be useful when developing practical guidelines applicable to forensic facial reconstruction and orbitofacial surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gil YC, Shin KJ, Lee SH, Song WC, Koh KS, Shin HJ. Topography of the supraorbital nerve with reference to the lacrimal caruncle: danger zone for direct browplasty. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:940-945. [PMID: 27899369 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the course of the supraorbital nerve (SON) with reference to the lacrimal caruncle in order to facilitate safer direct browplasty by preventing nerve injury. METHODS Thirty-four hemifaces from 18 embalmed Korean cadavers were dissected. A vertical line through the upmost point of the lacrimal caruncle and a horizontal line through the supraorbital margin were used as the horizontal and vertical reference positions, respectively. The course of the SON in the frontal view and the point at which it pierced the overlaying musculature were examined. RESULTS The SON divides into a superficial branch and a deep branch just after exiting the orbit. In all cases, the deep SON remains in the subgaleal plane deep to the corrugator and frontalis muscles. The superficial SON travels under the corrugator muscle dividing into three branches (medial, intermediate and lateral) and pierced the frontalis muscle at 19-32 mm above the supraorbital margin. However, in 11 cases (32%) the medial branch of the superficial SON pierced the lower portion of the corrugator muscle at 3.6 mm above the supraorbital margin and ran in front of the muscle along with the vertical line through the upmost point of the lacrimal caruncle. CONCLUSIONS One-third of the medial branch of the superficial SON without corrugator muscle protection is vulnerable to iatrogenic injury during direct browplasty. Therefore, the oculofacial surgeon must bring the dissection plane of the forehead tissue more superficially around the vertical line through the upmost point of the lacrimal caruncle in order to avoid nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chun Gil
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institution, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to provide a clear description of the course, precise branching pattern and distribution of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. A total of 36 hands from 18 preserved cadavers were dissected. The vertical distance from the pisoscaphoid line to the crossing points between the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and each metacarpal was about 4 cm. The deep branch of the ulnar nerve gave off two types of muscular branches: (1) trunks that innervate more than two intrinsic hand muscles; and (2) multiple separate branches innervating only a single muscle. The median numbers of trunks and separate branches were 5 and 6, respectively. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K J Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W C Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Aksu F, Topacoglu H, Arman C, Atac A, Tetik S, Hasanovic A, Kulenovic A, Mornjakovic Z, Pikula B, Sarac-Hadzihalilovic A, Voljevica A, Bamac B, Colak T, Alemdar M, Dundar G, Selekler M, Dincer O, Colak E, Ozbek A, Kilic C, Kamburoglu K, Ozen T, Kavak V, Kirici Y, Oztas E, Soysal HA, Unur E, Ekinci N, Karaca O, Malakhova O, Kocaoglu M, Toker S, Taser F, Kilincoglu V, Yurtgun MF, Dalcik C, Zeybek A, Baroncini M, Peltier J, Jissendi P, Pruvo JP, Francke JP, Prevot V, Kosif R, Arifoglu Y, Diramali M, Sarsilmaz M, Kose E, Ogeturk M, Akpinar B, Kus I, Meydan S, Kara A, Kurtoglu Z, Tekdemir I, Elhan A, Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S, Senoglu M, Nacitarhan V, Kurutas EB, Senoglu N, Altun I, Atli Y, Ozbag D, Karakas S, Bilgin MD, Tellioglu AM, Ozlem S, Akcanal B, Yildiz Y, Gunes H, Kose H, Uzum I, Gundogmus UN, Caglayan C, Pavlova V, Dimitrova M, Georgieva L, Nikolova E, Uzmansel D, Ozturk NC, Saylam CY, Ozgiray E, Orhan M, Cagli S, Zileli M, Ozkan D, Akkaya T, Comert A, Balikci N, Ozdemir E, Gumus H, Ergul Z, Kaya O, Altun S, Unlu RE, Orbay H, Kim DI, Han SH, Kim YS, Kim HJ, Lee KS, Elcioglu O, Ozden H, Guven G, Imre N, Yalcin B, Ozan H, Akyer P, Guvencer M, Karatosun V, Sagoo MG, Aland RC, Ustuner D, Ustuner MC, Ai J, Ghazi SR, Mansouri SH, Tuncer MC, Aluclu MU, Karabulut O, Hatipoglu ES, Nazaroglu H, Icke C, Akbay E, Gunay T, Icke S, Yildiz S, Yazar F, Barlas BO, Zahoi DE, Kavakli A, Tas U, Dabak DO, Sapmaz HI, Kocabiyik N, Ozer CM, Ozcan A, Elevli L, Desdicioglu K, Alanbay I, Govsa F, Saylam CY, Akdogan I, Kiroglu Y, Onur S, Evcil EH, Cankara N, Malas MA, Kalcioglu MT, Duman S, Ulcay T, Uzun A, Karabulut Z, Barut C, Sevinc O, Yurdakan G, Kacar D, Erdogan AR, Kurt H, Demir B, Saltan M, Burukoglu D, Ustuner MC, Degirmenci I, Erdogan A, Damar O, Is M, Bayramoglu G, Kabay S, Uysal O, Senturk H, Bayramoglu A, Ozbayar C, Kutlu A, Canbek M, Cevli SC, Hancerlioglu O, Koplay M, Aksakalli E, Dikici F, Kale A, Gayretli O, Gurses IA, Ozdemir ST, Ercan I, Baskan EB, Yilmaz M, Ozkaya G, Saricaoglu H, Erturk M, Kayalioglu G, Uzel M, Kahraman G, Tanyeli E, Soyluoglu AI, Tacar O, Demirant A, Bilgin M, Karadede A, Aktas A, Evcil EH, Koyuncu E, Sulak O, Albay S, Ozguner G, Ozbek A, Ozbek E, Ozturk AH, Demirci T, Ciftcioglu E, Demir MT, Kopuz C, Eroglu E, Gedikli S, Ozyurek H, Nural MS, Incesu L, Ogur G, Kara E, Celebi B, Yildiz A, Altunkaynak BZ, Kuvat SV, Tagil SM, Ertekin C, Uysal H, Bademkiran F, Albayrak N, Esmer AF, Coskun NK, Sindel M, Kizilay F, Yalin S, Karapinar N, Tokdemir M, Karakurt L, Tumkaya L, Korkmaz A, Ayas B, Ciftci N, Terzi Y, Baran O, Nergiz Y, Akkus M, Aluclu U, Topal AE, Yuksel D, Acar HI, Kendir S, Hekimoglu E, Basman D, Duman S, Ozener B, Pelin C, Zagyapan R, Kurkcuoglu A, Koc M, Erdinc M, Erdinc L, Kelle I, Sancakdar E, Cetin N, Tunik S, Yildirim A, Kaplanoglu I, Ayaz E, Ilhan N, Okumus M, Yuksel KZ, Ciralik H, Yilmaz Z, Gumusalan Y, Gamsizkan M, Kazkayasi M, Dogan NU, Uysal II, Karalezli A, Fazliogullari Z, Buyukmumcu M, Bozkurt MC, Cicekcibasi AE, Demiryurek D, Ozsoy MH, Bayramoglu A, Tuccar E, Baran OP, Soker S, Bahceci S, Nasir Y, Yilmaz MT, Cicekcibasi EA, Ulusoy M, Gunaslan P, Bilge N, Akkaya M, Genc A, Akcer S, Gonul Y, Cosar E, Koken G, Ari I, Bakirci S, Kafa IM, Uysal M, Karabulut AK, Keles B, Emlik D, Uyar Y, Ozturk K, Yilmaz NA, Salbacak A, Kacira BK, Arazi M, Demirci S, Kiresi D, Gumus S, Seker M, Uyar M, Astaneh ME, Khorshid A, Uygur R, Songur A, Sonmez OF, Dogan KH, Kolcu G, Iliescu M, Bordei P, Iliescu D, Ciobotaru C, Lucescu V, Covaleov A, Ionescu C, Guirao M, Páramo E, Mutuberria R, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Roda O, Girón F, Lopez-Soler M, Roda O, Campos-López R, Guirao-Piñeiro M, Pascual-Morenilla MT, Sanchez-Montesinos I, Pascual MT, Garzon I, Serrato D, Nieto-Aguilar R, Sanchez-Montesinos I, Sanchez-Quevedo M, Ozdemir MB, Ozean RH, Bagdatli D, Adiguzel E, Dogan Z, Aycan O, Vardi N, Erkal HS, Ozturk H, Mocanu S, Stefanescu C, Ionescu A, Talpes R, Sapte E, Dina C, Surdu L, Bulbuc I, Medina MT, Medina J, López-Soler M, Martin-Oviedo C, Lowy-Benoliel A, Maranillo E, Martinez-Guirado T, Sañudo J, Scola B, Vazquez T, Arráez-Aybar LA, Conejo-Menor JL, Gonzáles-Gómez CC, Torres-García AJ, Nasu H, Chiba S, Gutierrez-Semillera M, Paksoy Y, Kalaycioglu A, Yildirim M, Ozyasar A, Ozdogmus O, Cakmak YO, Verimli U, Cavdar S, Yildizhan B, Aktan Ikiz ZA, Ucerler H, Ozgur Z, Yilmaz S, Demirtas A, Mavili E, Hacialiogullari M, Susar H, Arslan S, Aycan K, Ozkaya V, Pilmane M, Boka S, Ortug G, Ramirez C, Pascual-Font A, Valderrama-Canales F, Kucukalic A, Kapur E, Talovic E, Baca V, Grill R, Horak Z, Kachlik D, Dzupa V, Konarik M, Knize J, Veleminsky P, Smrzova T, Otcenasek M, Chmelova J, Kheck M, Kheck M, Cupka T, Hnatek L, van der Meijs F, Cech P, Musil V, Ozkan HM, Muratli SK, Tayefi H, Ergur I, Kiray A, Toktas M, Alkoc O, Acar T, Uzun I, Ozen OA, Aycicek A, Alkoc OA, Unlu M, Corumlu U, Ikiz IC, Oygucu IH, Sendemir E, Kaner T, Caglar V, Eser O, Demir MT, Iyigun O, Pirzirenli G, Kaya AH, Aydin ME, Celik F, True H, Ozkaya S, Ergur BU, Zeybek G, Bacakoglu K, Tadjalli M, Poostpasand A, Mansouiri SH, Allahvaisi O, Soleimanirad J, Nikkhoo B, Nagato Y, Haruki Y, Yazawa K, Okazaki T, Haida M, Imai Y, Peirouvi T, Mahzad-Sadaghiani M, Noroozinia F, Siamak S, Farjah G, Mola S, Biegaj E, Skadorwa T, Pawlewicz K, Kapolka R, Chachulska A, Zabicka J, Krasowska A, Prusik A, Jaczewski G, Kolesnik A, Taghavi MM, Alavi SH, Moallem SA, Safikhani Z, Panahi M, Dabiri S, Shekaari MA, Latorre R, Soria F, Lopez-Albors O, Sarria R, Ayala I, Serrano I, Perez-Cuadrado E, Musienko V, Tkachenko D, Colakoglu N, Kus MA, Jalali M, Nikravesh MR, Moeen AA, Karimfar MH, Rafighdoost H, Mohammadi S, Korneeva M, Rafighdoust H, Lovasova K, Bolekova A, Kluchova D, Sulla I, Kapitonova MY, Syed Ahmad Fuad SB, Jayakaran F, Shams AR, Aghaee F, Baqer Z, Faroki M, Das S, Kassim N, Latiff A, Suhaimi F, Ghafar N, Hlaing KPP, Maatoq I, Othman F, Kiray M, Bagriyanik HA, Pekcetin C, Ozogul C, Fidan M, Suhaimi F, Sun F, Sanchez-Margallo F, Gil F, Crisostomo V, Uson J, Ramirez G, Turamanlar O, Kirpiko O, Haktanir A, Climent S, Losilla S, Climent M, Sarikcioglu L, Senol Y, Yildirim FB, Utuk A, Kunicki J, Pasbakhsh P, Omidi N, Omidi H, Nazhvani FD, Ghalebi SR, Javan N, Mohagery A, Bideskan ARE, Taheri MMH, Fazel AR, Tiengo C, Macchi V, Stecco C, Porzionato A, Mazzoleni F, De Caro R, Clemente A, Morra A, Greco P, Pavan P, Natali A, Demir M, Dokur M, Acer N, Mavi A, Matveeva N, Lazarova D, Korneti K, Jovevska S, Jurkovik D, Papazova M, Havasi M, Alboghobeish N, Savari A, Salamat N, Sharifi M, Kwak HH, Hu KS, Kim GC, Park BS, Kim HJ, Sinav A, Gulati AK, Gulati NK, Alshammary H, Nazhvani SD, Vafafar A, Esmaeilpour T, Bahmanpour S, Elyasi L, Monabbati A, Ghanadi M, Paryani MR, Gilanpour H, Amirsam B, Omaña RE, López SG, De la Garza Castro O, Vega EU, Lopez SG, Talebpour F, Golmohammadi R, Dashti G, Atlasi MA, Mehdizadeh M, Bahadori MH, Joghataei MT, Hatami L, Boroujeni MB, Estakhr J, Esfandiary E, Marzban M, Bakhtiary M, Modiry N, Jafarpur M, Mofidpur H, Alavi SH, Mahmoudian A, Taghavi MM, Jafarpour M, Mahmoudian AR, Sanjarmousavi N, Doassans I, Sorrenti N, Decuadro G, Saibene A, Poumayrac M, Laza S, Almiron C, Vergara ME, Soria V, Lasa S, Perez A, Castro G, Maria AS, Soleimani M, Katebi M, Bakhshayesh M, Oner M, Halici M, Yikilmaz A, Guney A, Turk Y, Edizer M, Beden U, Icten N, Afshar M, Hasanzadeh Taheri MM, Moalem A, Golalipour MJ, Tamizi A, Ahi M, Mohammadpour S, Maiery A, Acikel C, Ulkur E, Karagoz H, Celikoz B, Bedi K, Ginus P, Golalipoor MJ, Mohammadi MR, Jhand P, Mansourian AR, Hosseinpoor K, Keshtkar AA, Alsaffar R, Balajadeh BK, Ghafari S, Azarhosh R, Fazeli SA, Jahanshahi M, Gharravi AM, Alicioglu B, Karakas HM, Harma A, Yang HM, Won SY, Lee JG, Lee JY, Lee JY, Kim YR, Song WC, Koh KS, Hwang EN, Choi HG, Kim SH, Kim SY, Hur MS, Ulucam E, Celbis O, Kim DH, Hong HS, Kim HJ, Choi JH, Park JT, Kim HC, Abbasi H, Hosseinipanah SM, Hosseini M, Amani A, Ashrafi HR, Sadeghimehr M, Kim HJ, Sheverdin V, Amani Z, Ashrafi A, Ashrafi AR, Javad H, Kachap MJ, Laza S, Poumayrac MC, Doassans I, Vergara ME, Almirón C, Soria V, Rivara A, Sirilo A, Freire D, Cirillo A, Veragara ME, Krmek V, Krmek N, Jo-Osvatic A, Nikolic V, Radic R, Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Fogg Q, Ashwood N, Cilingiroglu S, Ozbakir C, Mazoochi T, Sabanciogullari V, Gumus C, Erdil FH, Cimen M, Moodi H, Ghiasi F, Akbari A, Hami J, Khazei M, Haghparast E, Mitsakis I, Anastasiou A, Mitsakis M, Sianou K, Hainoglou R, Francisco M, Mitsaki C, Konstantinidi M, Prapa S, Leksan I, Mrcela T, Selthofer R, Kermanian F, Mahmoudian A, Ahmadpoor ME, Dalili N, Elian AH, Moaiery A, Jamalpour Z, Nourani MR, Asgari A, Hassanzadeh Taheri MM, Ebrahimzadeh A, Eftekharvaghefi SH, Mohammadi A, Sheibani V, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Latifpour M, Deilami M, Soroure-Azimzadeh B, Nabipour F, Najafipour H, Nakhaee N, Yaghoobi M, Eftekharvaghefi R, Salehinejad P, Azizi H, Riasi HR, Nobakht M, Asalgoo S, Rahbar R, Najafzadeh N, Moosavizadeh K, Ezzatabadypour M, Majidi M, Malekpor-Afshar R, Karimzade F, Hoseini M, Bayat M, Gorgi A, Nezhadi A, Bakhtiari M, Jazi HR, Jafaryan M, Haghir H, Hosseini M, Rahimi S, Rassouli FB, Gorji A, Habibi A, Pouya F, Dabiri S, Mousavi A, Rajabalian S, Abolidokht A, Khanlarkhani N, Naderian H, Berjis N, Namavar MR, Talaei T, Mazaheri Z, Monabati A, Kosar MI, Karacan K, Chegini H, Nikzad H, Ayhan E, Ustundag S, Akkin SM, Ogut T, Rayegan P, Meibodi MAE, Ghaem RM, Zargarpoor R, Eftekhar Vaghefi SH, Moshkdanian G, Poya F, Kohestani H, Abarghoeai RR, Abarghoeai PR, Eftekhar Vaghefi SH, Mahmodi AA, Poraboli A, Kohestani HR, Vaghefi RE, Eftekhar Vaghefy SH, Vaghefy RE, Abarghoeai PR, Saba M, Gharravi AM, Javadnia F, Zhaleh M, Nezhad DB, Gholami MR, Piagkou M, Aikaterini VK, Piagkos G, Douvetzemis S, Skandalakis P, Anagnostopoulou S, Papadopoulos N, Celik HH, Tatar I, Tatar EC, Mocan BO, Sargon MF, Denk CC, Rasoolijazi H, Joghataie MT, Roghani M, Akkin SM, Dinc G, Kurklu M, Ozboluk S, Komurcu M, Koebke J, Balioglu MB, Kaygusuz MA, Bozkus FS, Korkmaz O, Bayram SB, Can MA, Nasiri E, Jafar-Kazemi K, Hosseini M, Maghoul S, Soleimani M, Amini A, Hassanzade MM, Davari MH, Van Hoof T, Gomes GT, Audenaert E, Verstraete K, Kerckaert I, D’Herde K, Benninger B, Hedley G, Filipoiu FM, Tarta E, Enyedi M, Pantu C, Stanciulescu R, Skobowiat C, Calka J, Majewski M, Rezaian M, Yaghoobfar A, Hamedi S, Shomali T. Poster presentations. Surg Radiol Anat 2016; 31 Suppl 1:95-229. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03371486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shin KJ, Gil YC, Lee SH, Kim JN, Yoo JY, Kim SH, Choi HG, Shin HJ, Koh KS, Song WC. Assessment of Normal Eyeball Protrusion Using Computed Tomographic Imaging and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Korean Adults. Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 32:575-581. [PMID: 27367441 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2015.1131837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to assess normal eyeball protrusion from the orbital rim using two- and three-dimensional images and demonstrate the better suitability of CT images for assessment of exophthalmos. METHODS The facial computed tomographic (CT) images of Korean adults were acquired in sagittal and transverse views. The CT images were used in reconstructing three-dimensional volume of faces using computer software. The protrusion distances from orbital rims and the diameters of eyeballs were measured in the two views of the CT image and three-dimensional volume of the face. Relative exophthalmometry was calculated by the difference in protrusion distance between the right and left sides. RESULTS The eyeball protrusion was 4.9 and 12.5 mm in sagittal and transverse views, respectively. The protrusion distances were 2.9 mm in the three-dimensional volume of face. There were no significant differences between right and left sides in the degree of protrusion, and the difference was within 2 mm in more than 90% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study will provide reliable criteria for precise diagnosis and postoperative monitoring using CT imaging of diseases such as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and orbital tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- b Department of Biomedical Laboratory , Masan University , Masan , Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Yoo
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Heum Kim
- c Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Chungju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gon Choi
- d Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- a Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Jung YH, Jang JH, Kang H, Choi WS, Choi YK, Song WC, Song BS, Lee JH, Hong B. Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanowall Counter Electrodes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:5302-5304. [PMID: 27483920 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates plasma-treated and metal-coated carbon nanowalls (CNWs) for use as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The CNWs were synthesized on a fluorine-tin-oxide (FTO) glass substrate using the microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system with methane (CH4) gas. The post-plasma treatment was performed on the CNWs with hydrogen (H2) plasma using PECVD, and the CNWs were sputter-coated with metal films using the RF magnetron sputtering system with a four-inch tungsten (W) target. Then the post-plasma-treated and metal-coated CNWs were used as counter electrodes for the fabrication of the DSSCs. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed to obtain cross-sectional and planar images of the grown CNWs. The energy conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs manufactured using the post-plasma-treated and metal-layer-coated CNWs as the counter electrodes were measured.
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Kim JN, Lee JY, Shin KJ, Gil YC, Koh KS, Song WC. Morphological and morphometric study of the androgenetic alopecic scalp using two- and three-dimensional analysis comparing regional differences. Br J Dermatol 2016; 170:1313-8. [PMID: 24446778 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic (male-type) alopecia (AGA) is caused by genetic and androgenetic effects. The progression of baldness results in smaller hair papillae, thinner hair and a shortened hair cycle. Alopecia occurs mainly in the frontal region and, to a lesser extent, in the occipital region. OBJECTIVES The morphological differences in the hair follicular units between the alopecic frontal scalp and the vertex and occipital regions were compared using cross-sectional histology and three-dimensional reconstruction. METHODS Skin specimens were obtained from the frontal, vertex and occipital regions of 24 male human cadavers with fully progressed AGA, and from the frontal region of 32 normal cadaveric scalps. These specimens were fixed, processed using routine histological methods, serially sectioned at a thickness of 10 μm and then stained with Masson's trichrome. The serial sections were reconstructed three-dimensionally using 'Reconstruct' software. RESULTS The ratios between the numbers of terminal and vellus hairs in the frontal and occipital regions in the AGA scalps were 0·2 : 1 and 3·5 : 1, respectively. Almost all of the hair follicles in the frontal region were vellus hair follicles. The sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle were larger in the frontal region than in the occipital region. CONCLUSIONS The morphology of the AGA scalp has been characterized. The terminal-to-vellus hair ratio in the occipital (normal) region was different from that in the frontal (alopecic) region. Moreover, sebaceous glands were larger in the frontal alopecic region than in the occipital region. These larger glands may be associated with other dermatological pathologies, such as seborrhoeic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin KJ, Yoo JY, Lee JY, Gil YC, Kim JN, Koh KS, Song WC. Anatomical study of the nerve regeneration after selective neurectomy in the rabbit: clinical application for esthetic calf reduction. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 48:268-74. [PMID: 26770878 PMCID: PMC4701701 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2015.48.4.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were therefore to characterize the degeneration and regeneration of nerves to the calf muscles after selective neurectomy, both macroscopically and microscopically, and to determine the incidence of such regeneration in a rabbit model. Seventy four New Zealand white rabbits were used. Selective neurectomy to the triceps surae muscles was performed, and the muscles were subsequently harvested and weighed 1-4 months postneurectomy. The gastrocnemius muscles were stained with Sihler's solution to enable the macroscopic observation of any nerve regeneration that may have occurred subsequent to neurectomy. The change in triceps surae muscle weight was measured along the time course of the experiment. After neurectomy, nerve degeneration was followed by regeneration in all cases. The weight of the triceps surae muscle decreased dramatically between completion of the neurectomy and 1 month postneurectomy, but increased thereafter. The nerve branches were weakly stained with Sihler's solution until 2 months postneurectomy, and then strongly stained after 3 months. The number of myelinated axons was decreased at 2 month after neurectomy compared to nonneurectomized controls, but then gradually increased thereafter. Although there are currently no reports on the incidence of recovery after calf reduction, it may be a very common occurrence in the clinical field based on our findings. The findings of this study provide fundamental anatomical and surgical information to aid planning and practice in calf-reduction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University, Masan, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin KJ, Kim JN, Lee SH, Paik DJ, Song WC, Koh KS, Gil YC. Arterial supply and anastomotic pattern of the infraspinous fossa focusing on the surgical significance. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69:512-8. [PMID: 26867469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of the muscular branch of the circumflex scapular artery (CSA) has been underestimated during surgery involving the scapular osteocutaneous free flap, while the suprascapular artery (SSA) is vulnerable to damage during internal fixation of a scapular fracture. This study aimed to provide navigational guidelines for the positions of the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries at the infraspinous fossa and to identify the anastomotic pattern. Scapulae were carefully dissected following injection of liquid silicone into the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries. The artery diameters and the distances between landmarks were measured. Scapulae were classified according to the anastomotic morphology of the arteries. The suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries had mean diameters of 1.7 and 2.1 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal distance from the root of the spine to the suprascapular artery was 90.3 mm, and the mean distance between the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries was 45.5 mm. The circumflex scapular artery was positioned along the lateral border at 68.7% from the inferior angle. Practical navigational guidelines for the positions of the suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries have been provided, with the anastomotic pattern classified into two types and two subtypes. The results of the present study will help reduce donor-site morbidity and damage to these arteries during surgery in the scapular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory, Masan University, 100 Yongdam-ri, Naeseo-eup, MasanHoiwon-gu, Masan 51217, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo-Jin Paik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JY, Gil YC, Shin KJ, Kim JN, Joo SH, Koh KS, Song WC. An Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Coccyx Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 299:307-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory; Masan University; Masan Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hong Joo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; National Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Kim JN, Lee JY, Shin KJ, Gil YC, Koh KS, Song WC. Haversian system of compact bone and comparison between endosteal and periosteal sides using three-dimensional reconstruction in rat. Anat Cell Biol 2015; 48:258-61. [PMID: 26770876 PMCID: PMC4701699 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2015.48.4.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current model of compact bone is that of a system of Haversian (longitudinal) canals connected by Volkmann's (transverse) canals. Models based on either histology or microcomputed tomography do not accurately represent the morphologic detail and microstructure of this system, especially that of the canal networks and their spatial relationships. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the morphologic pattern and network of the Haversian system and to compare endosteal and periosteal sides in rats using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks were used. The femurs were harvested from each rat and fixed, decalcified with 10% EDTA-2Na, serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 µm, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The serial sections were reconstructed three-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The Haversian canals in the endosteal region were found to be large, highly interconnected, irregular, and close to neighboring canals. In contrast, the canals in the periosteal region were straight and small. This combined application of 3D reconstruction and histology examinations to the Haversian system has confirmed its microstructure, showing a branched network pattern on the endosteal side but not on the periosteal side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University, Masan, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University, Masan, Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin HJ, Shin KJ, Lee SH, Koh KS, Song WC, Gil YC. Location of the inferior oblique muscle origin with reference to the lacrimal caruncle and its significance in oculofacial surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:179-83. [PMID: 26112868 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the location of the inferior oblique muscle (IOM) origin with reference to the lacrimal caruncle in order to facilitate safer oculofacial surgery by preventing morbidity associated with IOM injury. METHODS Thirty-seven intact orbits of 20 embalmed Asian cadavers were dissected. The location of the medial border of the IOM origin was determined with respect to the apex of the lacrimal caruncle. In addition, the size of the IOM origin and the anteroposterior distance from the inferior orbital rim to the anterior border of the IOM origin were measured. RESULTS The IOM origin was located at a mean distance of 1.2 mm lateral and 11.2 mm inferior to the apex of the lacrimal caruncle. In half of the orbits, the IOM origin was situated just on the vertical line through the apex of the lacrimal caruncle. The mean length and width of the IOM origin were 4.3 and 2.7 mm, respectively. The mean anteroposterior distance from the inferior orbital rim to the IOM origin was 1.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS The lacrimal caruncle is easily identifiable and a reliable external landmark for prediction of the IOM origin. The IOM origin is located approximately where the vertical line through the apex of the lacrimal caruncle intersects the inferior orbital rim. The findings of this anatomical study of the exact location of the IOM origin can help to improve the safety of oculofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gil YC, Shin KJ, Lee JY, Hu KS, Kim HJ, Song WC, Koh KS. Topographic anatomy of the ulnar tunnel. Surg Radiol Anat 2015; 37:757-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-014-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to provide the various dimensions of the philtrum and upper red lip in Korean young adults and to identify morphological characteristics of these structures in Koreans. A total of 10 dimensions of the philtrum and upper red lip were measured in 251 healthy young adults. Various indices were calculated among the measured features. The philtrum could be classified into three types according to its shape and index data. The mean height of the philtrum was 15.6 mm and the mean width of the mouth was 45.5 mm. The width of the superior and inferior philtrum, the height of philtrum, the width of the mouth, and the height of the upper red lip were significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.05). A subtle morphological difference in Cupid bow was observed between the genders. There was a negative correlation between the length of the philtral column and the height of the upper red lip (p < 0.05). Furthermore, differences were identified in the dimensions of the philtrum and the upper red lip between Koreans and Caucasians. The results of this study could be a useful morphological basis for correction and reconstruction of the upper lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gon Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin KJ, Gil YC, Lee JY, Kim JN, Song WC, Koh KS. Three-Dimensional Study of the Facial Canal Using Microcomputed Tomography for Improved Anatomical Comprehension. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1808-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory; Masan University; Masan Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This study investigated the cycle of rat vibrissae by counting their number relative to their topographic arrangement. The average duration of maintaining single or double vibrissal shafts was analyzed. The ratio of the lifetime of the single and double shafts was around 3:2 weeks. The rostral and caudal vibrissae had relatively short and long cyclic durations, respectively; this difference may be related to their length and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University , Masan , Republic of Korea and
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Shin KJ, Lee JY, Kim JN, Yoo JY, Shin C, Song WC, Koh KS. Quantitative Analysis of the Cochlea using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction based on Microcomputed Tomographic Images. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1083-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chuog Shin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University; Wonju Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Shin KJ, Kim JN, Yoo JY, Song WC, Koh KS. A Morphometric Study of the Semicircular Canals Using Micro-CT Images in Three-Dimensional Reconstruction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:834-9. [PMID: 23401178 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jae Shin
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Kim JN, Yoo JY, Lee JY, Koh KS, Song WC. A mechanism of rat vibrissal movement based on actual morphology of the intrinsic muscle using three-dimensional reconstruction. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:565-9. [PMID: 22722709 DOI: 10.1159/000338332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrissal capsular muscle (VCM) of the rat is known to differ from the arrector pili muscle. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the rat VCM morphologically using three-dimensional reconstruction. The rat snout skin was fixed, processed with routine histological methods, sectioned serially at a thickness of 10 µm, and then stained with Masson's trichrome. The sectioned images were reconstructed three-dimensionally using 'Reconstruct' software. The findings confirmed that the VCM is a skeletal muscle attached to the vibrissal follicle such that the latter is rooted within the former. The VCM encircles the follicle almost entirely, from base to apex, and hooks around the follicle caudally. Each one of these capsular muscles is connected to two adjacent follicles in the same row. They overlap each other in the lower part, as the rostral follicular muscle that surrounds the caudal follicle. The present findings suggest that the vibrissae are able to move more freely (under voluntary control) than other general arrector pili muscles, in line with their sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Kim JN, Yoo JY, Hu KS, Kim HJ, Song WC, Koh KS. Topographic anatomy of the masseter muscle focusing on the tendinous digitation. Clin Anat 2012; 25:889-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lee JY, Kim JN, Kim SH, Choi HG, Hu KS, Kim HJ, Song WC, Koh KS. Anatomical verification and designation of the superficial layer of the temporalis muscle. Clin Anat 2011; 25:176-81. [PMID: 21739477 DOI: 10.1002/ca.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The temporalis muscle, which is one of the masticatory muscles, enables elevation and retraction of the mandible. Direct injury to the temporalis muscle, facial nerve, or temporal fat pad during cranial-base surgery can cause temporal hollowing. The temporalis muscle is currently described in almost all atlases and textbooks as comprising a single layer. In this study, a superficial layer of the temporalis muscle is described, clarifying the anatomy of this muscle. Twenty heads of adult cadavers were dissected. The gross anatomy of the temporalis muscle was examined after removing the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial temporal fascia, and deep temporal fascia. The superficial layer of the temporalis muscle was clearly distinguishable from the deep layer. The superficial layer originated from the same region as the deep layer, and the muscle fibers of the two layers were intermingled in the superior part of the muscle. The deep layer of the temporalis muscle, which is referred to in textbooks and atlases simply as the temporalis muscle, was exposed after removing the superficial layer. The existence of this superficial layer was confirmed herein both histologically and by magnetic resonance imaging. Henceforth, the superficial layer of the temporalis muscle must be included in descriptions of the temporalis muscle in anatomy textbooks and atlases. The findings of this study are important not only from the perspective of simply acquiring correct anatomical knowledge, but also from the surgical perspective in preventing temporal hollowing during related surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Hur MS, Hu KS, Youn KH, Song WC, Abe S, Kim HJ. New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis. Clin Anat 2011; 24:162-7. [PMID: 21254248 DOI: 10.1002/ca.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and topography of the dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis. Anatomical variations in the topographic relationships are also described to provide critical data for understanding nasal muscular functions. Anatomical and histological examinations were performed on 40 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers. The dilator naris vestibularis muscle (named by the present authors) was located between the external and vestibular skin of the alar lobule. The muscle fibers radiated along the dome-shaped nasal vestibule. The dilator naris anterior muscle originated from the frontal surfaces of the lateral half of the lateral crus and the accessory alar cartilage adjacent to the lateral crus. The extent of the lower insertion of the dilator naris anterior muscle was at the alar groove. The alar part of the nasalis originated with the transverse part of nasalis from the maxilla. It ascended to attach to the alar crease and the adjacent deep surface of external skin of the alar lobule. These findings may provide anatomical knowledge required to understand the structure and function of these nasal muscles such as during rhinoplasty or other surgery of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
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Kim JN, Koh KS, Lee E, Park SC, Song WC. The morphology of the rat vibrissal follicle-sinus complex revealed by three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 193:207-14. [PMID: 21311188 DOI: 10.1159/000319394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrissal follicle-sinus complex (FSC) is a sensory receptor of the mammalian integumentary system that is located around the mouth. The purpose of the present study was to identify the actual 3-dimensional structure of the rat vibrissal FSC. Rat skin tissue was serially sectioned at a thickness of 10 μm and then stained with Masson's trichrome. The serial sections were reconstructed 3-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The rat vibrissal follicle is a spindle-shaped structure that is embedded within a blood sinus and enveloped within a thick collagenous capsule. The vibrissal FSC is innervated by the deep vibrissal and superficial vibrissal nerves. The deep vibrissal nerve, travelling in the basal-to-apical direction, penetrates the thick collagenous capsule of the vibrissal FSC. The sinus system can be divided into a superior portion, known as the ring sinus, and an inferior portion, known as the cavernous sinus. The ring sinus contains a C-shaped structure, the ringwulst, which is suspended from the mesenchymal sheath of the follicle. Collagenous trabeculae can be seen in the cavernous sinus but not in the ring sinus. The ring sinus encircles the follicle obliquely and asymmetrically. The ringwulst encircles the follicle incompletely, in a C-shaped fashion. This study has demonstrated the previously underappreciated 3-dimensional structure of the vibrissal FSC, which differs from previously reported descriptions, and provides data that will enhance the understanding of vibrissal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hu KS, Kim ST, Hur MS, Park JH, Song WC, Koh KS, Kim HJ. Topography of the masseter muscle in relation to treatment with botulinum toxin type A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The present study involved a detailed investigation of 3 cases of bifid rib, focusing on anatomical features, and classified them into 2 types. The bifid ribs were in the right fourth rib of all 3 male cadavers. The upper intercostal spaces of the fourth bifid rib were considerably narrowed, whereas the lower intercostal spaces were widened. Although the size and shape of the bifid space between the upper and lower divisions of the bifid rib were different, the intercostal muscles were present in the bifid space in all cases. The third anterior intercostal artery from the internal thoracic artery supplied the bifid space in all cases. In 2 cases, the fourth intercostal nerve ran along the inferior margin of the fourth bifid rib and innervated the muscles of the bifid space. In the third case, there was another branch from the third intercostal nerve supplying the muscles of the bifid space as well as the fourth intercostal nerve. The bifid ribs are associated with other diseases or develop accidentally or sporadically. Knowledge of this malformation is needed for the differential diagnosis with other diseases, such as a chest wall tumor or costal fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chul Song
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoon Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Sheverdin VA, Hur MS, Won SY, Song WC, Hu KS, Koh KS, Kim HJ. Extra- and intramuscular nerves distributions of the triceps surae muscle as a basis for muscle resection and botulinum toxin injections. Surg Radiol Anat 2009; 31:615-21. [PMID: 19300894 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-009-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the distribution of extramuscular nerve branches with their intramuscular ramifications in the triceps surae muscle, thus providing anatomical substantiation for the topography of muscle resection and botulinum toxin injections. METHODS Dissection and modified Sihler's staining of 18 whole-mount human cadaveric specimens. RESULTS The distance between the areas with the highest extramuscular branch density and the area of densest intramuscular arborization in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles is approximately 10% of the calf length. This finding should be taken into consideration during nerve blocking and botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasticity. Intramuscular nerve arborization patterns make it possible to outline neuromuscular segments in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. CONCLUSIONS Surgical or therapeutic interventions in areas of high extramuscular and intramuscular nerve density can increase the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injections and neurotomy. Intramuscular nerve branching patterns should be taken into consideration during triceps surae resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Sheverdin
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Human Identification Research Center, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, BK 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
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