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Ling LL, Guan X, Liu X, Lei XM, Lin Z, Jiang HL. Promoted hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol over single-atom Cu sites with Na +-decorated microenvironment. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae114. [PMID: 38712324 PMCID: PMC11073544 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although single-atom Cu sites exhibit high efficiency in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, they are prone to forming Cu nanoparticles due to reduction and aggregation under reaction conditions, especially at high temperatures. Herein, single-atom Cu sites stabilized by adjacent Na+ ions have been successfully constructed within a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalyst, namely MOF-808-NaCu. It is found that the electrostatic interaction between the Na+ and Hδ- species plays a pivotal role in upholding the atomic dispersion of Cu in MOF-808-NaCu during CO2 hydrogenation, even at temperatures of up to 275°C. This exceptional stabilization effect endows the catalyst with excellent activity (306 g·kgcat-1·h-1), high selectivity to methanol (93%) and long-term stability at elevated reaction temperatures, far surpassing the counterpart in the absence of Na+ (denoted as MOF-808-Cu). This work develops an effective strategy for the fabrication of stable single-atom sites for advanced catalysis by creating an alkali-decorated microenvironment in close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ling
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Yang JM, Sang W, Zhang D, Li H, An X, Lei XM, Yang MF, Wang W. Leptosphaerulina americana causing holing disease on tobacco in China. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37272046 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2964-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the most important industrial crops in the world. Its leaves are the main raw material for cigarettes, but they are often threatened by fungal pathogens in the production process (Wang et al. 2022). From May to June 2022, a disease of tobacco (cv K326) (15% of plants) in a 0.3-ha field in Jingxi of Guangxi Province showed symptoms of local necrosis and perforation of middle and basal leaves (Fig S1). Pieces of leaf tissue (3 × 3 mm) were excised from the edge of the necrotic lesion of each plant, treated with 75% ethanol for 10 s, soaked in 2% NaClO solution for 1-2 min, rinsed with sterile water for three times, and then plated on potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium and incubated at 28°C. Isolate TJYA13 was used for subsequent studies. After 8 days, the colony margin was yellowish brown and irregular, the center was black and plicated. The isolate TJYA13 was incubated on oatmeal agar medium at 28°C for 4 days, and many pseudothecia were observed embedded on the surface of the medium. Pseudothecium was globose or subglobose, dark brown, and size was 184.7-304.7 µm × 187.5-340.5 µm (n=20). Ascospores were usually wrapped by the saccate ascus in pseudothecium, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, with 5-6 transverse septa, and size was 12.2-18.5 µm × 35.6-51.8 µm (n=80). The morphological characteristics of ascospores were consistent with a Leptosphaerulina species (Hou et al. 2020). For accurate identification, the genomic DNA of isolate TJYA13 was extracted with Ezup Column Fungi Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Sangon, Shanghai, China). The ITS region, 28s ribosomal RNA (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 (Gardes and Bruns 1993; White et al. 1990), LROR/LR7 (Rehner and Samuels 1994), Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd (Woudenberg et al. 2009), and RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999), respectively and sequenced at Sangon Biotech (Sichuan, China). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. OP926927, OP926933, OP939419, OP939422). The phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolate TJYA13 within the L. americana clade (Fig S2) (Hou et al. 2020). Pathogenicity of the isolate TJYA13 was verified on four healthy tobacco plants (cv K326). The mycelial plugs were inoculated on leaves sterilized with 75% ethanol, and control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Plants were incubated at 28 ℃ and 78% humidity. After 10 days, the leaves inoculated with mycelial plugs had symptoms similar to those in the field, but there were no symptoms on the control leaves. L. americana were reisolated from the leaves inoculated with the mycelial plugs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. americana causing holing disease on tobacco in China. This disease may reduce yields and lower quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf. Therefore, the emergence of tobacco holing disease should be noted to prevent potential damage to tobacco production in Guangxi. Reference 1. Hou L. W., et al. 2020. Stud. Mycol. 96: 309-396 2. Liu, Y. J., et al. 1999. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1799. 3. Rehner, S. A., and Samuels, G. J. 1994. Mycol. Res. 98:625. 4. Wang H. et al. 2022. Microorganisms. 10: 1890. 5. White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 6. Woudenberg, J. H. C., et al. 2009. Persoonia 22:56. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. Funding: Funding was provided by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (grant no. 202,145,000,024,006). Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the most important industrial crops in the world. Its leaves are the main raw material for cigarettes, but they are often threatened by fungal pathogens in the production process (Wang et al. 2022). From May to June 2022, a disease of tobacco (cv K326) (15% of plants) in a 0.3-ha field in Jingxi of Guangxi Province showed symptoms of local necrosis and perforation of middle and basal leaves (Fig S1). Pieces of leaf tissue (3 × 3 mm) were excised from the edge of the necrotic lesion of each plant, treated with 75% ethanol for 10 s, soaked in 2% NaClO solution for 1-2 min, rinsed with sterile water for three times, and then plated on potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium and incubated at 28°C. Isolate TJYA13 was used for subsequent studies. After 8 days, the colony margin was yellowish brown and irregular, the center was black and plicated. The isolate TJYA13 was incubated on oatmeal agar medium at 28°C for 4 days, and many pseudothecia were observed embedded on the surface of the medium. Pseudothecium was globose or subglobose, dark brown, and size was 184.7-304.7 µm × 187.5-340.5 µm (n=20). Ascospores were usually wrapped by the saccate ascus in pseudothecium, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, with 5-6 transverse septa, and size was 12.2-18.5 µm × 35.6-51.8 µm (n=80). The morphological characteristics of ascospores were consistent with a Leptosphaerulina species (Hou et al. 2020). For accurate identification, the genomic DNA of isolate TJYA13 was extracted with Ezup Column Fungi Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Sangon, Shanghai, China). The ITS region, 28s ribosomal RNA (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 (Gardes and Bruns 1993; White et al. 1990), LROR/LR7 (Rehner and Samuels 1994), Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd (Woudenberg et al. 2009), and RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999), respectively and sequenced at Sangon Biotech (Sichuan, China). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. OP926927, OP926933, OP939419, OP939422). The phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolate TJYA13 within the L. americana clade (Fig S2) (Hou et al. 2020). Pathogenicity of the isolate TJYA13 was verified on four healthy tobacco plants (cv K326). The mycelial plugs were inoculated on leaves sterilized with 75% ethanol, and control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Plants were incubated at 28 ℃ and 78% humidity. After 10 days, the leaves inoculated with mycelial plugs had symptoms similar to those in the field, but there were no symptoms on the control leaves. L. americana were reisolated from the leaves inoculated with the mycelial plugs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. americana causing holing disease on tobacco in China. This disease may reduce yields and lower quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf. Therefore, the emergence of tobacco holing disease should be noted to prevent potential damage to tobacco production in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yang
- Guizhou University, 71206, College of Tobacco Sciences, Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025;
| | - Weijun Sang
- Guizhou University, 71206, College of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | | | | | - Xuanxian An
- Guizhou University, 71206, 525 Jiaxiunan, Guiyang, China, 550025;
| | - X M Lei
- Guizhou University, 71206, College of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Guizhou University, 71206, College of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou University, 71206, Institute of Entomology, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
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Xu JZ, Li C, Xia QD, Lu JL, Wan ZC, Hu L, Lv YM, Lei XM, Guan W, Xun Y, Wang SG. Sex disparities and the risk of urolithiasis: a large cross-sectional study. Ann Med 2022; 54:1627-1635. [PMID: 35675329 PMCID: PMC9196832 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2085882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases in urology, with a lifetime prevalence of 14% and is more prevalent in males compared to females. We designed to explore sex disparities in the Chinese population to provide evidence for prevention measures and mechanisms of stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 98232 Chinese individuals who had undergone a comprehensive examination in 2017 were included. Fully adjusted odds ratios for kidney stones were measured using restricted cubic splines. Multiple imputations was applied for missing values. Propensity score matching was utilised for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Among the 98232 included participants, 42762 participants (43.53%) were females and 55470 participants (56.47%) were males. Patients' factors might cast an influence on the development of kidney stone disease distinctly between the two genders. A risk factor for one gender might have no effect on the other gender. The risk for urolithiasis in females continuously rises as ageing, while for males the risk presents a trend to ascend until the age of around 53 and then descend. CONCLUSIONS Patients' factors might influence the development of kidney stones distinctly between the two genders. As age grew, the risk to develop kidney stones in females continuously ascended, while the risk in males presented a trend to ascend and then descend, which was presumably related to the weakening of the androgen signals.Key messagesWe found that patients' factors might cast an influence on the development of kidney stone disease distinctly between the two sexes.The association between age and urolithiasis presents distinct trends in the two sexesThe results will provide evidence to explore the mechanisms underlying such differences can cast light on potential therapeutic targets and promote the development of tailored therapy strategies in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhou Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Lin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Ce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Man Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lei
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang M, Wan ZC, Lv YM, Huang YC, Hu L, Xu H, Lei XM. Ten-year Time-trend Analysis of Dyslipidemia Among Adults in Wuhan. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:1099-1105. [PMID: 36245027 PMCID: PMC9573792 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in an aging population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia for the past decade among adults in Wuhan, China. METHODS We performed a serial cross-sectional study that recruited 705 219 adults from the Health Management Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2010 to 2019. The diagnosis of dyslipidemia was based on the 2016 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults. Fixed effects and random effects models were applied to adjust the confounding variables (gender and age). RESULTS The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 33.1% (46.2% in men and 14.7% in women) in 2019. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly increased over 10 years [from 28.6% (95% CI: 28.2%-29.1%) in 2010 to 32.8 % (95% CI:32.6%-33.1%) in 2019;. P-0.001], especially for hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia [from 18.4% (95% CI: 18.0%-18.8%) in 2010 to 24.5% (95% CI: 24.3%-24.7%) in 2019; P-0.001]. In 2019, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in participants with comorbidities, including overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, or chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia was the most significant among participants aged 30-39 years. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that dyslipidemia is on the rise in men, and more emphasis should be provided for the screening of dyslipidemia in young males for the primary prevention of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng-Ce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong-Man Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Huang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lei
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Xu JZ, Lu JL, Hu L, Xun Y, Wan ZC, Xia QD, Qian XY, Yang YY, Hong SY, Lv YM, Wang SG, Lei XM, Guan W, Li C. Sex Disparities in the Association of Serum Uric Acid With Kidney Stone: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:774351. [PMID: 35223892 PMCID: PMC8864179 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.774351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Urolithiasis is characterized by high rates of prevalence and recurrence. Hyperuricemia is related to various diseases. We hope to determine the association between serum uric acid (UA) level and kidney stone (KS). Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 82,017 Chinese individuals who underwent a comprehensive examination in 2017 were included. The KS was diagnosed based on ultrasonography examination outcomes. Fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for KS, and mean difference between the two groups were applied to determine the association of UA level with KS. Results Among the 82,017 participants included in this study (aged 18~99 years), 9,435 participants (11.5%) are diagnosed with KS. A proportion of 56.3% of individuals is male. The mean UA level of overall participants is 341.77 μmol/L. The participants with KS report higher UA level than the participants without KS [mean UA level 369.91 vs. 338.11 μmol/L; mean difference (MD), 31.96 (95% CI, 29.61~34.28) μmol/L]. In men, the OR for KS significantly increases from 330 μmol/L UA level. Every 50 μmol/L elevation of UA level increases the risk of KS formation by about 10.7% above the UA level of 330 μmol/L in men. The subgroup analysis for male is consistent with the overall result except for the participants presenting underweight [adjusted OR, 1.035 (0.875~1.217); MD, −5.57 (−16.45~11.37)], low cholesterol [adjusted OR, 1.088 (0.938~1.261); MD, 8.18 (−7.93~24.68)] or high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [adjusted OR, 1.044 (0.983~1.108); MD, 5.61 (−1.84~13.36)]. However, no significant association is observed in women between UA and KS either in all female participants or in female subgroups. Conclusion Among Chinese adults, UA level is associated with KS in a dose-response manner in men but not in women. However, the association becomes considerably weak in male participants with malnutrition status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhou Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Lin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Health Management Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Ce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Qian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen-Yuan Hong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Man Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lei
- Health Management Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yuan QH, Shi L, Wang F, Cao B, Qian Q, Lei XM, Liao YL, Liu WG, Cheng L, Jia SR. Investigation of rice transgene flow in compass sectors by using male sterile line as a pollen detector. Theor Appl Genet 2007; 115:549-60. [PMID: 17622509 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the most important staple food in the world. The rapid development of transgenic rice and its future commercialization have raised concerns regarding transgene flow and its potential environmental risk. It is known that rice is a self-pollinated crop; the outcrossing rate between common cultivars is generally less than 1%. In order to improve the detection sensitivity of rice transgene flow, a male sterile (ms) line BoA with a high outcrossing rate was used as a pollen detector in this study. A concentric circle design was adopted, in which the transgenic rice B2 containing bar gene as a pollen donor was planted in the center circle and the recipient BoA was planted in eight compass sectors. The frequency of transgene flow in compass sectors was analyzed by continuous sampling to generate cumulative data. The results of two years with sound reproducibility demonstrated that the rice gene flow was closely associated with the wind direction. According to the mean frequency of transgene flow, the eight sectors can be divided into two groups: a higher frequency group downstream of the prevailing wind (DPW) with a mean frequency ranging from 6.47 to 26.24%, and a lower frequency group lateral to or upstream of the prevailing wind (UPW) with a mean frequency of 0.39 to 3.03%. On the basis of the cumulative data, 90-96% of the cumulative gene flow events occurred in the four DPW sectors, while it was 4-10% in the four UPW sectors. By using these systematic data, simulation models and isograms of transgene flow in the eight compass sectors were calculated and drawn, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Yuan
- College of Life Science and Agriculture, MOE Key Lab of Tropic Biological Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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