1
|
Zhou Z, Li Y, Shen Y, Zang X, Wang Q, Liu X, Wang Z. Integration of transcriptome and whole-genome re-sequencing analyses reveal growth-related candidate genes in Procambarus clarkii. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2024; 49:101198. [PMID: 38306949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Growth is a crucial economic trait of all aquaculture species. It is important to explore the molecular regulation on growth, which could help improve the growth rate of species. Mining the growth-related genes is the foundation for revealing its molecular regulation on growth. Presently, the molecular regulation of growth in Procambarus clarkii is not clear, and the study on exploring growth-related genes is limited. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to compare gene expression profiles of the individuals with different growth rates involved in four groups including Big Male (BM), Big Female (BF), Small male (SM), and Small Female (SF) from one P. clarkii family, and the analyses were performed in combination with sex. Meanwhile, whole-genome resequencing data was used to get growth-specific SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)/InDel (Insertion/Deletion) sites information. Totally, we identified 16,127 genes, of which 9065 were successfully annotated in the GO database. Among these, 1328 DEGs were identified in BM vs. SM, with 357 up-regulated and 971 down-regulated. Additionally, 3507 DEGs were identified in BF vs. SF, with 241 up-regulated and 3266 down-regulated. 96 DEGs were up-regulated and 820 DEGs were down-regulated in Growth-related Group. The expression levels of nine DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR to verify the analysis results of sequencing. 684,040 growth-related SNPs and 182,050 growth-related InDels were obtained after screened. These findings provide candidate growth-related genes and growth-specific SNP/InDel sites for regulation of growth traits in P. clarkii, and new insight into the molecular regulation of P. clarkii growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhe Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yudong Shen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolei Zang
- Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China.
| | - Qishuai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China.
| | - Zhengkai Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zang X, Jian C, Ingersoll S, Li H, Adams JJ, Lu Z, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz5231. [PMID: 32494645 PMCID: PMC7182407 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic heavy hydrocarbons (HHs) such as coal, tar, and pitch are a family of materials with extremely rich and complex chemistry, representing a massive opportunity for their use in a range of potential applications. The present work shows that optimal selection of initial HHs based on molecular constituents is essential in tuning the material for a particular and targeted electronic application. Combining the selection of feedstock chemistry (H:C and aromatic content) and controlling variable laser treatment parameters (laser power, speed, and focus) lead to full control over the H:C ratio, sp2 concentration, and degree of graphitic stacking order of the products. The broad intertunability of these factors results from a wide distribution of carbon material crystallinity from amorphous to highly graphitic and a broad distribution of electrical conductivity up to 103 S/m.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C. Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - S. Ingersoll
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huashan Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - J. J. Adams
- Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY 82072, USA
| | - Z. Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - N. Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.C.G.); (N.F.)
| | - J. C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.C.G.); (N.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Growcott EJ, Cariaga TA, Morris L, Zang X, Lopez S, Ansaldi DA, Gold J, Gamboa L, Roth T, Simmons RL, Osborne CS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel monobactam LYS228 in a neutropenic murine thigh model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:108-116. [PMID: 30325447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The neutropenic murine thigh infection model and a dose-fractionation approach were used to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of LYS228, a novel monobactam antibiotic with activity against Enterobacteriaceae including carbapenem-resistant strains. Methods Mice (n = 4 per group) were inoculated with Enterobacteriaceae strains via intramuscular injection. Two hours post-bacterial inoculation, treatment with LYS228 was initiated. Animals were euthanized with CO2 24 h after the start of therapy and bacterial counts (log10 cfu) per thigh were determined. PK parameters were calculated using free (f) plasma drug levels. Results Following a dose-fractionation study, non-linear regression analysis determined that the predominant PK/PD parameter associated with antibacterial efficacy of LYS228 was the percentage of the dosing interval that free drug concentrations remained above the MIC (%fT>MIC). In a dose-dependent manner, LYS228 reduced the thigh bacterial burden in models established with Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase enzymes of all classes (e.g. ESBLs, NDM-1, KPC, CMY-2 and OXA-48). The range of the calculated static dose was 86-649 mg/kg/day for the isolates tested, and the magnitude of the driver of efficacy was 37-83 %fT>MIC. %fT>MIC was confirmed as the parameter predominantly driving efficacy as evidenced by a strong coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.68). Neutrophils had minimal impact on the effect of LYS228 in the murine thigh infection model. Conclusions LYS228 is efficacious in murine thigh infection models using β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae, including those expressing metallo-β-lactamases, ESBLs and serine carbapenemases, with the PK/PD driver of efficacy identified as %T>MIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Growcott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T A Cariaga
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Morris
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - X Zang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - D A Ansaldi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - J Gold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Gamboa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - R L Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - C S Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Growcott EJ, Cariaga TA, Morris L, Zang X, Lopez S, Ansaldi DA, Gold J, Gamboa L, Roth T, Simmons RL, Osborne CS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel monobactam LYS228 in a neutropenic murine thigh model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:280. [PMID: 30412250 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
5
|
Cheng H, Sharma J, Su C, Li S, Zang X, Perez-Soler R, Halmos B, Borczuk A. Differential expression of immune checkpoints (PD-L1, HHLA2, B7x and B7H3) and their association with driver mutations in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy304.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Li L, Jia Y, Li P, Yin S, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zang X, Ding Y. Expression and activity of V-H+ -ATPase in gill and kidney of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata in response to salinity challenge. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:28-42. [PMID: 26040212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The full-length complementary (c)DNA of vacuolar-type-H(+) -ATPase B1 gene (vhab1) in marbled eel Anguilla marmorata with 1741 base pairs (bp) was identified. It contained a 1512 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with 503 amino acids (55·9 kDa), an 83 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 146 bp 3'-UTR. The expression levels of A. marmorata vhab1 in gill and kidney of A. marmorata were evaluated at different intervals during the exposure to various salinities (0, 10 and 25). The results indicated that the expression levels of A. marmorata vhab1 messenger (m)RNA in gill and kidney had a significant increase and reached the highest level at 1 h in brackish water (BW, salinity 10) group and 6 h in seawater (SW, salinity 25) group. Therefore, salinity did affect the relative expression level of A. marmorata vhab1 mRNA in gills, which exhibited the enhancement by c. 44 times in SW group when compared with that in fresh water. No remarkable difference in the expression of A. marmorata vhab1 mRNA was observed after 15 days of SW exposure (P > 0·05). V-H(+) -ATPase activity exhibited an increase by two- to three-fold when compared with that in gill and kidney from the control group. The consequence primarily suggested that A. marmorata vhab1 gene product in elvers from A. marmorata plays an important role in adaptation response to SW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - P Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - S Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - G Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - X Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Y Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pawar RD, Goilav B, Xia Y, Herlitz L, Doerner J, Chalmers S, Ghosh K, Zang X, Putterman C. B7x/B7-H4 modulates the adaptive immune response and ameliorates renal injury in antibody-mediated nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:329-43. [PMID: 25205493 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading causes of death in patients with lupus and other autoimmune diseases affecting the kidney, and is associated with deposition of antibodies as well as infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages, which are responsible for initiation and/or exacerbation of inflammation and tissue injury. Current treatment options have relatively limited efficacy; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. The co-inhibitory molecule, B7x, a new member of the B7 family expressed predominantly by non-lymphoid tissues, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation, activation and functional responses of CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this study, we found that B7x was expressed by intrinsic renal cells, and was up-regulated upon stimulation with inflammatory triggers. After passive administration of antibodies against glomerular antigens, B7x(-/-) mice developed severe renal injury accompanied by a robust adaptive immune response and kidney up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, as well as local infiltration of T cells and macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages in the spleen of B7x(-/-) mice were polarized to an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, treatment with B7x-immunoglobulin (Ig) in this nephritis model decreased kidney damage and reduced local inflammation. We propose that B7x can modulate kidney damage in autoimmune diseases including lupus nephritis and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Thus, B7x mimetics may be a novel therapeutic option for treatment of immune-mediated kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Pawar
- The Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thompson RH, Zang X, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC, Slovin SF, Reuter VE, Blute ML, Russo P, Kwon ED, Allison JP. Evaluation of soluble B7x as a serum marker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
9
|
Zhang L, Zang X, Xu J, Xie P, Zhu Z, Su J. Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of three gorges reservoir after impoundment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 78:262-4. [PMID: 17492243 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jhingran A, Yom S, Zang X, Eifel P. Recurrence Above the Radiotherapy Field After Definitive Treatment of Cervix Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Falcone FH, Loke P, Zang X, MacDonald AS, Maizels RM, Allen JE. A Brugia malayi homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reveals an important link between macrophages and eosinophil recruitment during nematode infection. J Immunol 2001; 167:5348-54. [PMID: 11673551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections with the helminth parasite Brugia malayi share many key features with Th2-mediated allergic diseases, including recruitment of eosinophils. We have investigated the dynamics of inflammatory cell recruitment under type 2 cytokine conditions in mice infected with B. malayi. Among the cells recruited to the site of infection is a novel population of "alternatively activated" macrophages that ablate cell proliferation and enhance Th2 differentiation. By profiling gene expression in this macrophage population, we found a dramatic up-regulation of a recently described eosinophil chemotactic factor, eosinophil chemotactic factor-L/Ym1, representing over 9% of clones randomly selected from a cDNA library. Because B. malayi is known to secrete homologs (Bm macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-1 and -2) of the human cytokine MIF, we chose to investigate the role this cytokine mimic may play in the development of the novel macrophage phenotype observed during infection. Strikingly, administration of soluble recombinant Bm-MIF-1 was able to reproduce the effects of live parasites, leading both to the up-regulation of Ym1 by macrophages and a marked recruitment of eosinophils in vivo. Because activity of Bm-MIF-1 is dependent upon an amino-terminal proline, this residue was mutated to glycine; the resultant recombinant (Bm-MIF-1G) was unable to induce Ym1 transcription in macrophages or to mediate the recruitment of eosinophils. These data suggest that macrophages may provide a crucial link between helminth parasites, their active cytokine mimics, and the recruitment of eosinophils in infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F H Falcone
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Abstract
Helminth parasites have large genomes (approximately 10(8) bp) which are likely to encode a spectrum of products able to block or divert the host immune response. We have employed three parallel approaches to identify the first generation of 'immune evasion genes' from parasites such as the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. The first strategy is a conventional route to characterise prominent surface or secreted antigens. In this way we have identified a 15-kDa protein, which is located on the surface of both L3 and adult B. malayi, and secreted by these parasites in vitro, as a member of the cystatin (cysteine protease inhibitor) family. This product, Bm-CPI-2, blocks conventional cysteine proteases such as papain, but also the aspariginyl endopeptidase involved in the Class II antigen processing pathway in human B cells. In parallel, we identified the major T cell-stimulating antigen from the microfilarial stage as a serpin (serine protease inhibitor), Bm-SPN-2. Microfilariae secrete this product which blocks two key proteases of the neutrophil, a key mediator of inflammation and innate immunity. The second route involves a priori hypotheses that helminth parasites encode homologues of mammalian cytokines such as TGF-beta which are members of broad, ancient metazoan gene families. We have identified two TGF-beta homologues in B. malayi, and shown that one form (Bm-TGH-2) is both secreted by adult parasites in vitro and able to bind to host TGF-beta receptors. Likewise, B. malayi expresses homologues of mammalian MIF, which are remarkably similar in both structure and function to the host protein, even though amino acid identity is only 28%. Finally, we deployed a third method of selecting critical genes, using an expression-based criterion to select abundant mRNAs taken from key points in parasite life histories. By this means, we have shown that the major transcript present in mosquito-borne infective larvae, Bm-ALT, is a credible vaccine candidate for use against lymphatic filariasis, while a second abundantly-expressed gene, Bm-VAL-1, is similar to a likely vaccine antigen being developed against hookworm parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Maizels
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitors are encoded by a large gene family of long evolutionary standing. Recent discoveries of parasite proteins that inhibit human serine proteinases, together with the complete genomic sequence from Caenorhabditis elegans, have provided a set of new serine proteinase inhibitors from more primitive metazoan animals such as nematodes. The structural features (e.g. reactive centre residues), gene organization (including intron arrangements) and inhibitory function and targets (e.g. inflammatory and coagulation pathway proteinase) all contribute important new insights into proteinase inhibitor evolution. Some parasite products have evolved that block enzymes in the mammalian host, but the human host responds with a significant immune response to the parasite inhibitors. Thus, infection produces a finely balanced conflict between host and pathogen at the molecular level, and this might have accelerated the evolution of these proteins in parasitic species as well as their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Nitriles are a class of compounds with potential relevance to human health. Allylnitrile, one of nitriles, induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in mice. To explore what type of neuronal system is involved in these behavioral abnormalities, five neuronal markers, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, the serotonin transporter and choline acetyltransferase were immunohistochemically examined within various brain structures in allylnitrile and vehicle-treated mice. Allylnitrile induced changes in the immunolabelling of GABA in the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, dorsal raphe nucleus and median raphe nucleus; the amount of immunolabelling decreased in all of these brain structures except the medial habenula at 2 days postdosing, and increased in all of these structures at 14 days postdosing. Allylnitrile also induced changes in the amount of immunolabelling of tyrosine hydroxylase in the arcuate nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus and caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus at either 2 or 14 days postdosing, depending on the structures. No immunohistochemical change was seen for serotonin, serotonin transporter and choline acetyltransferase. The present results suggest that the GABAergic systems through the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus-ascending raphe nuclei relay and through the substantia nigra may be involved in allylnitrile-induced behavioral abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tanii
- Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zang X, Atmadja AK, Gray P, Allen JE, Gray CA, Lawrence RA, Yazdanbakhsh M, Maizels RM. The serpin secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae, Bm-SPN-2, elicits strong, but short-lived, immune responses in mice and humans. J Immunol 2000; 165:5161-9. [PMID: 11046048 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basic immunology of an infectious disease requires insight into the pattern of T cell reactivity and specificity. Although lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease, the predominant T cell Ags of filarial species such as Brugia malayi are still undefined. We have now identified a prominent T cell Ag from B. malayi microfilariae (Mf) as Bm-SPN-2, a serpin secreted exclusively by this stage. Mf-infected mice mounted strong, but short-lived, Bm-SPN-2-specific Th1 responses, measured by in vitro production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5, 14 days postinfection. By day 35, responsiveness to Bm-SPN-2 was lost despite enhanced reactivity to whole Mf extract. Single immunization with Mf extract also stimulated typical Th1 reactions to Bm-SPN-2, but IgG1 Ab responses dominated after repeated immunizations. Human patients displayed potent humoral responses to Bm-SPN-2 in both IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. Thus, 100% (20 of 20) of the microfilaremic (MF(+)) patients bore IgG4 responses to Bm-SPN-2, while only 30% of endemic normal subjects were similarly positive. Following chemotherapy, Bm-SPN-2-specific Abs disappeared in 12 of 13 MF(+) patients, although the majority remained seropositive for whole parasite extract. PBMC from most, but not all, endemic subjects were induced to secrete IFN-gamma when stimulated with Bm-SPN-2. These findings demonstrate that Bm-SPN-2 is recognized by both murine and human T and B cells and indicate that their responses are under relatively stringent temporal control. This study also provides the first example of a stage-specific secreted molecule that acts as a major T cell Ag from filarial parasites and is a prime candidate for a serodiagnostic probe.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Brugia malayi/enzymology
- Brugia malayi/growth & development
- Brugia malayi/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Filariasis/drug therapy
- Filariasis/immunology
- Filariasis/parasitology
- Helminth Proteins
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Microfilariae/enzymology
- Microfilariae/growth & development
- Microfilariae/immunology
- Serpins/administration & dosage
- Serpins/immunology
- Serpins/isolation & purification
- Serpins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zang X, Yazdanbakhsh M, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Maizels RM. A novel serpin expressed by blood-borne microfilariae of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi inhibits human neutrophil serine proteinases. Blood 1999; 94:1418-28. [PMID: 10438730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) play a vital regulatory role in a wide range of biological processes, and serpins from viruses have been implicated in pathogen evasion of the host defence system. For the first time, we report a functional serpin gene from nematodes that may function in this manner. This gene, named Bm-spn-2, has been isolated from the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, a causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot experiments indicate that Bm-spn-2 is expressed only by microfilariae (Mf), which are the long-lived blood-dwelling larval stage. A survey of the greater than 14,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from B malayi deposited in dbEST shows that greater than 2% of the ESTs sequenced from Mf cDNA libraries correspond to Bm-spn-2. Despite its abundance in the microfilarial stage, Bm-spn-2 has not been found in any other point in the life cycle. The predicted protein encoded by Bm-spn-2 contains 428 amino acids with a putative signal peptide. Antibodies to recombinant Bm-SPN-2 protein react specifically with a 47.5-kD native protein in Mf extract. Bm-SPN-2 is one of the largest of the 93 known serpins, due to a 22 amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, and contains the conserved serpin signature sequence. Outside these regions, levels of homology are low, and only a distant relationship can been seen to a Caenorhabditis elegans serpin. The Bm-spn-2 gene contains 6 introns, 2 of which appear to be shared by both nematode species. The B malayi introns have an extended and conserved 3' splice site and are relatively large compared with C elegans. A panel of mammalian serine proteinases were screened and Bm-SPN-2 protein was found to specifically inhibit enzymatic activity of human neutrophil cathepsin G and human neutrophil elastase, but not a range of other serine proteinases. It is possible that Bm-SPN-2 could function as a stage-specific serpin in the blood environment of the microfilarial parasite in protection from human immunity and thus may be a good candidate for protective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
During the screening of a soluble library of cyclo(AXXXXXAE)K-CONH2, a cyclic peptide cyclo(AHPQFPAE)K-CONH2 was identified as a tight-binding ligand (IC50 = 128 nM) and found to bind 1000-fold more tightly than its linear peptide to streptavidin. The results of this study suggest that library screening of conformationally constrained cyclic peptides can be an effective means for the discovery of high affinity ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Du B, Wei Q, Zang X, Zhang B. [Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace manganese in theragran-M with Mn (II)-KIO4-NTA-coomassie brilliant blue G250]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 1998; 27:133-5. [PMID: 10682625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A new indicator reaction is developed on the basis of manganese catalyzed oxidation of coomassie brilliant blue G250 by potassium periodate with nitrilotriaetic acid as an activator. The detection limit for manganese is 6.76 x 10(-8) g/L. The linear range of determination is 0.02-0.30 microgram/25 mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Du
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry, Shandong Institute of Building Materials, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
"In recent years Asian-Australians, especially those born in Indochina, have become a target of criticism by anti-immigration groups which accuse them of choosing to live only in ¿closed societies' and ¿ethnic ghettos' in Australian cities.... Evidence presented in the article shows clearly that while immigrant groups may prefer to settle in close proximity of their family and kin for practical and/or emotional reasons, their preference is not ethnically determined.... We also show that affordability, closeness to spouse's work, and neighbourhood services, rather than family and social contacts, are important factors for Asian-born immigrants when they move." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
Collapse
|
21
|
Neisig A, Wubbolts R, Zang X, Melief C, Neefjes J. Allele-specific differences in the interaction of MHC class I molecules with transporters associated with antigen processing. J Immunol 1996; 156:3196-206. [PMID: 8617941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I molecules bind peptides that are translocated from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Class I heterodimers have been shown to associate with TAP and are released when loaded with peptide. Here, we show the existence of two pools of class I heterodimers, one associated with TAP and one that is free. Whereas the free pool is recognized by the class I-specific Ab W6/32, the TAP-associated pool is not. Analysis of several class I alleles shows binding to TAP with different efficiencies, even at the earliest time points of MHC class I assembly. Most HLA-A and -C alleles tested interacted efficiently with TAP, whereas a considerable number of HLA-B alleles associated very inefficiently or not at all with TAP. This was also observed in cells with nonfunctional TAP. Sequence comparison of the different class I alleles allowed the definition of amino acids in the peptide binding groove that might be involved in TAP association. Binding of peptides to two different pools of class I heterodimers may ensure efficient peptide association in an environment where peptides have a short life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Neisig A, Wubbolts R, Zang X, Melief C, Neefjes J. Allele-specific differences in the interaction of MHC class I molecules with transporters associated with antigen processing. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MHC class I molecules bind peptides that are translocated from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum by the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Class I heterodimers have been shown to associate with TAP and are released when loaded with peptide. Here, we show the existence of two pools of class I heterodimers, one associated with TAP and one that is free. Whereas the free pool is recognized by the class I-specific Ab W6/32, the TAP-associated pool is not. Analysis of several class I alleles shows binding to TAP with different efficiencies, even at the earliest time points of MHC class I assembly. Most HLA-A and -C alleles tested interacted efficiently with TAP, whereas a considerable number of HLA-B alleles associated very inefficiently or not at all with TAP. This was also observed in cells with nonfunctional TAP. Sequence comparison of the different class I alleles allowed the definition of amino acids in the peptide binding groove that might be involved in TAP association. Binding of peptides to two different pools of class I heterodimers may ensure efficient peptide association in an environment where peptides have a short life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Neisig
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - R Wubbolts
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - X Zang
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - C Melief
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J Neefjes
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zang X. Labor market and rural migrants in post-Mao China. Am Asian Rev 1995; 13:78-108. [PMID: 12292901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
"This paper seeks to analyze the social background of rural migrants and patterns of rural outmigration in post-Mao China. In the following, I will first discuss the data for this study. Next, I will briefly examine the Chinese government's policies on rural-to-urban migration and the general patterns of population movement since the early 1950s. Then I will study the dynamics of rural outmigration, analyze the data, and present findings. I will conclude this study with some thoughts on rural migration in post-Mao China." The data are from a large-scale survey conducted in 222 villages in 1986-1987.
Collapse
|
24
|
Qian B, Zang X, Liu X. [Effects of bee pollen on lipid peroxides and immune response in aging and malnourished mice]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990; 15:301-3, 319. [PMID: 2275784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The results showed that the level of hemolysin (HC), the numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) and specific rosette forming cells (SRFC) in primary response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were markedly lowered and the lipoperoxide level in brain, liver and serum was increased in aging (over 18 months) and malnourished mice fed with ground corn in comparison to normal controls, while HC and the numbers of PFC and SRFC were significantly increased and the lipoperoxide level was markedly decreased after treatment with bee pollen 10 g/kg/d orally for 3 months and with 20% bee pollen-containing ground corn for 3 weeks respectively. The reduction of total protein and albumin contents of serum, DNA, RNA and protein contents of spleen and thymus in mice fed with ground corn can be prevented by adding 20% bee pollen in ground corn diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Qian
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zang X. Binucleated neurons in the human brain. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:378-81. [PMID: 2509162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We found binucleated neurons in 8 autopsied brains and one surgical specimen with the numbers varying from one to several. All were found in the brain stem, mostly in the pons, next in the thalamus, and the least in the mid-brain and medulla. None was found in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The ages of the patients varied from 24 days postpartum to 74 years. More binucleated neurons were found in new born babies. The patients suffered from various disease which might be related to ischemic state of the brain. The binucleated neurons might be an abortive hyperplasia of the nerve cells reacting to unfavorable circumstances. According to our observations, binucleated neurons are not very rare.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zang X. [A new classification of pituitary adenomas]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1988; 17:260-3. [PMID: 3254753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
27
|
Zang X, Zhang SY, Zhang SH, Zhang HX, Shi YF, Wang WJ, Ge QS, Wang ZZ. Pituitary adenomas. Pathologic analysis of 150 cases with light and electron microscopy. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:352-8. [PMID: 2820660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
28
|
Zang X, Nilaver G. Astrocytes of the human, ovine, rat and guinea-pig brain: an immunocytochemical analysis with GFAP antiserum. Chin Med J (Engl) 1986; 99:708-12. [PMID: 2433105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
29
|
Osterman J, Calhoun A, Dunham M, Cullum UX, Clark RM, Stewart DD, Scheithauer BW, Zimmerman EA, Defendini R, Zang X. Chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and hypertension in a patient with olfactory neuroblastoma. Evidence of ectopic production of arginine vasopressin by the tumor. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146:1731-5. [PMID: 3753113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A 28-year-old man with the chronic syndrome of Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and hypertension was found to have an olfactory neuroblastoma. We demonstrated evidence of elevated circulating arginine vasopressin levels, significantly elevated arginine vasopressin and vasopressin neurophysin levels in the tumor extract, and immunohistochemical staining for arginine vasopressin and vasopressin neurophysin in the tumor cells. The patient's clinical syndrome, including hypertension, resolved following subtotal removal of the tumor and radiation therapy. This study identified olfactory neuroblastoma as a definite cause of ectopic arginine vasopressin secretion causing the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zang X. [Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study of 40 cases of pituitary prolactinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1986; 66:231-3. [PMID: 3094880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
31
|
Zang X. [Pathological analysis of 22 cases of cerebral vascular malformations]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1986; 15:50-2. [PMID: 2946435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
32
|
Zang X. [Pituitary adenomas: pathologic analysis of 150 cases with light and electron microscopy]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1985; 14:274-8. [PMID: 3004762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
33
|
Zang X, Nilaver G, Stein BM, Fetell MR, Duffy PE. Immunocytochemistry of pineal astrocytes: species differences and functional implications. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1985; 44:486-95. [PMID: 3897467 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-198509000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed in human, sheep, rat and guinea pig pineal bodies to determine if there were species differences. Specialized "basket-like" arrangements of many GFAP-positive astrocytic processes were shown around sheep pinealocytes. Human pineals contained scattered astrocytic cell bodies and a moderate number of GFAP-positive astrocytic processes which, as in sheep, also surrounded pinealocytes, but without the dense basket-like arrangements. In both species GFAP-positive fibers were concentrated at the periphery of pseudolobules and around blood vessels. Rat and guinea pig pineals contained only rare astrocytic cell bodies and few GFAP-positive fibers throughout the glands, but had a concentration of parallel GFAP-positive fibers at the stalk. GFAP-positive fibers in human and sheep pineals may be derived from both intra- and extraglandular sites, whereas in rodents only rare processes appear to be derived from within the gland. Astrocytes may play a role in modulation of pineal indoleamines and norepinephrine, and the species differences observed suggest that this effect may be important in sheep and human pineals but not in rodents.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ge QS, Xu L, Wang HL, Gu CX, Lin SQ, Xu YD, Yu KM, Xie YZ, Shi YF, Zang X. Hyperprolactinemia. Its relation to galactorrhea, amenorrhea, pituitary tumor and its management. Chin Med J (Engl) 1985; 98:543-50. [PMID: 3937678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
35
|
Zang X. [Immunocytochemical analysis of brain astrocytes by GFAP antiserum]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1985; 65:408-10, 446. [PMID: 2420423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
36
|
Zang X. [Pituitary adenomas with acromegaly--pathological analysis of light and electron microscopic findings in 60 cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1984; 64:482-5. [PMID: 6440694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
37
|
Zang X. [Pathologic analysis of 260 cases of intraspinal tumors]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1984; 6:196-8. [PMID: 6510197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
38
|
Zang X, Zhang SY, Zhang SH, Lu YJ, Wang WJ, Yin ZY, Shi YF, Wang ZZ. Pituitary adenomas with acromegaly. Light microscopic and electron microscopic study of 60 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1983; 96:647-54. [PMID: 6418462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
39
|
Zang X, Zhang SH. [Pathological analysis of 16 autopsy cases of hypertensive encephalopathy]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1983; 22:469-72. [PMID: 6653208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
40
|
Zang X. [Pathological analysis of 1344 cases of intracranial tumors]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1982; 15:228-33. [PMID: 6305602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
41
|
Zang X. Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma. Analysis of 35 autopsies. Chin Med J (Engl) 1982; 95:273-7. [PMID: 6813036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
42
|
Ren ZY, Zuo HZ, Jiang JL, Wang WJ, Yin ZY, Zang X. [Mixed TSH-PRL pituitary adenoma secondary to hypothyroidism - report of a case]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1981; 3:252-5. [PMID: 6459862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
43
|
Xu XH, Li SW, Tan MX, Zang X. Locked-in syndrome (pontopseudocoma): report of 3 clinical and pathologic cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1981; 94:821-6. [PMID: 6800724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
44
|
Zang X. [On multiple sclerosis and disseminated cerebromyelitis (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1981; 61:418-9. [PMID: 6805902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
45
|
Zang X. [Mixed tumor consisting of intracranial meningioma and glioma (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1981; 14:14-5. [PMID: 7307780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
46
|
Zang X. Autopsy analysis of 200 stroke cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1980; 93:511-8. [PMID: 6772400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|