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Brindle HE, Nadjm B, Choisy M, Christley R, Griffiths M, Baker S, Bryant JE, Campbell JI, Nguyen VVC, Nguyen TND, Vu TTH, Nguyen VH, Hoang BL, Le XL, Pham HM, Ta TDN, Ho DTN, Tran TN, Nguyen THN, Tran MP, Pham THP, Le VT, Nguyen DT, Hau TTT, Nguyen NV, Wertheim HFL, Thwaites GE, van Doorn HR. Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam. Ecohealth 2022; 19:463-474. [PMID: 36227390 PMCID: PMC9558024 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 73% of emerging infections are zoonotic in origin, with animal contact and encroachment on their habitats increasing the risk of spill-over events. In Vietnam, close exposure to a wide range of animals and animal products can lead to acquisition of zoonotic pathogens, a number of which cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies show the aetiology of CNS infections remains unknown in around half of cases. We used samples and data from hospitalised patients with CNS infections, enrolled into the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections multicentre study, to determine the association between aetiology and animal contact including those in whom the cause was unknown. Among 933 patients, a pathogen or an antibody response to it was identified in 291 (31.2%, 95% CI 28.3-34.3%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis (n = 91 (9.8%, 8.0-11.9%)) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (n = 72 (7.7%, 6.1-9.7%)). Commonly reported animal contact included keeping, raising or handling (n = 364 (39.0%, 35.9-42.2%)) and handling, cooking or consuming raw meat, blood or viscera in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset (n = 371 (39.8%, 36.6-43.0%)), with the latter most commonly from pigs (n = 343 (36.9%, 33.8-40.1%). There was no association between an unknown aetiology and exposure to animals in a multivariate logistic regression. Further testing for unknown or undetected pathogens may increase diagnostic yield, however, given the high proportion of zoonotic pathogens and the presence of risk factors, increasing public awareness about zoonoses and preventive measures can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Brindle
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Behzad Nadjm
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Serekunda, The Gambia
| | - Marc Choisy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rob Christley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Griffiths
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliet E Bryant
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James I Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ty Thi Hang Vu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Bao Long Hoang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Luat Le
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - My Phuc Tran
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Tan Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Thu Trang Hau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research Group 2, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Brindle HE, Nadjm B, Choisy M, Christley R, Griffiths M, Baker S, Bryant JE, Campbell JI, Nguyen VVC, Nguyen TND, Vu TTH, Nguyen VH, Hoang BL, Le XL, Pham HM, Ta TDN, Ho DTN, Tran TN, Nguyen THN, Tran MP, Pham THP, Le VT, Nguyen DT, Hau TTT, Nguyen NV, Wertheim HFL, Thwaites GE, van Doorn HR. Correction: Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam. Ecohealth 2022:10.1007/s10393-022-01618-3. [PMID: 36417035 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Brindle
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Behzad Nadjm
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Serekunda, The Gambia
| | - Marc Choisy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rob Christley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Griffiths
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and National Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliet E Bryant
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James I Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ty Thi Hang Vu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Bao Long Hoang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Luat Le
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - My Phuc Tran
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Tan Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Thu Trang Hau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research Group 2, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nguyen-Tien T, Do DC, Le XL, Dinh TH, Lindeborg M, Nguyen-Viet H, Lundkvist Å, Grace D, Lindahl J. Correction: Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1103. [PMID: 35655202 PMCID: PMC9164680 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen-Tien
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duy Cuong Do
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Luat Le
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hai Dinh
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mats Lindeborg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nguyen-Tien T, Do DC, Le XL, Dinh TH, Lindeborg M, Nguyen-Viet H, Lundkvist Å, Grace D, Lindahl J. Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:664. [PMID: 33827489 PMCID: PMC8028770 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10687-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen-Tien
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duy Cuong Do
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Luat Le
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hai Dinh
- Infectious Diseases Department, Bach Mai hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mats Lindeborg
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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