1
|
Raynaud C, Claude T, Borel A, Amara MR, Graf A, Zaumseil J, Lauret JS, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Superlocalization of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes at Cryogenic Temperature. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7210-7216. [PMID: 31487461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
At cryogenic temperature and at the single emitter level, the optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes depart drastically from that of a one-dimensional (1D) object. In fact, the (usually unintentional) localization of excitons in local potential wells leads to nearly 0D behaviors such as photon antibunching, spectral diffusion, inhomogeneous broadening, etc. Here, we present a hyperspectral imaging of this spontaneous exciton localization effect at the single nanotube level using a super-resolved optical microscopy approach. We report on the statistical distribution of the trap localization, depth, and width. We use a quasi-resonant photoluminescence excitation approach to probe the confined quantum states. Numerical simulations of the quantum states and exciton diffusion show that the excitonic states are deeply modified by the interface disorder inducing a remarkable discretization of the excitonic absorption spectrum and a quenching of the free 1D exciton absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - T Claude
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - A Borel
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - M R Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - A Graf
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - J Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - J-S Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, École Normale Supérieure de Paris Saclay , Université Paris Saclay, CNRS , 91400 Orsay , France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS , Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He X, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Pernice WHP, Pyatkov F, Krupke R, Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Author Correction: Carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources. Nat Mater 2019; 18:770. [PMID: 31118489 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He X, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Pernice WHP, Pyatkov F, Krupke R, Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Publisher Correction: Carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources. Nat Mater 2018; 17:843. [PMID: 29995875 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the version of this Perspective originally published, the x-axis label of Fig. 1d was missing; it should have read 'Wavelength (nm)'. The units of the y axis of Fig. 3b were incorrect; they should have been meV. And the citation of Fig. 3c in the main text was incorrect; it should have been to Fig. 3b. These issues have now been corrected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He X, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Pernice WHP, Pyatkov F, Krupke R, Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources. Nat Mater 2018; 17:663-670. [PMID: 29915427 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Progress in quantum computing and quantum cryptography requires efficient, electrically triggered, single-photon sources at room temperature in the telecom wavelengths. It has been long known that semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) display strong excitonic binding and emit light over a broad range of wavelengths, but their use has been hampered by a low quantum yield and a high sensitivity to spectral diffusion and blinking. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in the mastering of SWCNT optical properties by chemistry, electrical contacting and resonator coupling towards advancing their use as quantum light sources. We describe the latest results in terms of single-photon purity, generation efficiency and indistinguishability. Finally, we consider the main fundamental challenges stemming from the unique properties of SWCNTs and the most promising roads for SWCNT-based chip integrated quantum photonic sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Claude T, Lauret JS, Voisin C. Interplay of spectral diffusion and phonon-broadening in individual photo-emitters: the case of carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale 2018; 10:683-689. [PMID: 29242889 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At cryogenic temperatures, the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of nano-emitters may still be significantly broadened due to interactions with the environment. The interplay of spectral diffusion (SD) and phonon broadening in this context is still a debated issue. Singlewall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a particularly relevant system to address this topic as they show intense spectral diffusion and undergo a high exciton-phonon coupling due to their one-dimensional geometry. Here, we investigate the correlations between the spectral diffusion of the main line and that of the wings in SWNTs quantitatively and demonstrate that the photoluminescence spectrum undergoes spectral jumps as a whole, without distortions. This behavior suggests that the spectral shape of SWNT PL is defined by exciton-phonon interactions and that spectral diffusion results in an additional flat broadening. The methodology developed here can be used to investigate a broad range of non-Lorentzian emitters undergoing spectral diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vuong TQP, Cassabois G, Valvin P, Ouerghi A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C, Gil B. Phonon-Photon Mapping in a Color Center in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:097402. [PMID: 27610882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.097402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the ultraviolet optical response of a color center in hexagonal boron nitride. We demonstrate a mapping between the vibronic spectrum of the color center and the phonon dispersion in hexagonal boron nitride, with a striking suppression of the phonon assisted emission signal at the energy of the phonon gap. By means of nonperturbative calculations of the electron-phonon interaction in a strongly anisotropic phonon dispersion, we reach a quantitative interpretation of the acoustic phonon sidebands from cryogenic temperatures up to room temperature. Our analysis provides an original method for estimating the spatial extension of the electronic wave function in a point defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Q P Vuong
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - G Cassabois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - P Valvin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - A Ouerghi
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS UMR8551, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS UMR8551, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Gil
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Raynaud C, Roussignol P, Lauret JS, Besga B, Estève J, Reichel J, Voisin C. Widely Tunable Single-Photon Source from a Carbon Nanotube in the Purcell Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:247402. [PMID: 27367407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.247402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The narrow emission of a single carbon nanotube at low temperature is coupled to the optical mode of a fiber microcavity using the built-in spatial and spectral matching brought by this flexible geometry. A thorough cw and time-resolved investigation of the very same emitter both in free space and in cavity shows an efficient funneling of the emission into the cavity mode together with a strong emission enhancement corresponding to a Purcell factor of up to 5. At the same time, the emitted photons retain a strong sub-Poissonian statistics. By exploiting the cavity feeding effect on the phonon wings, we locked the emission of the nanotube at the cavity resonance frequency, which allowed us to tune the frequency over a 4 THz band while keeping an almost perfect antibunching. By choosing the nanotube diameter appropriately, this study paves the way to the development of carbon-based tunable single-photon sources in the telecom bands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Raynaud
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ph Roussignol
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J S Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Universite Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Besga
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Estève
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vialla F, Delport G, Chassagneux Y, Roussignol P, Lauret JS, Voisin C. Diameter-selective non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with porphyrin monomers. Nanoscale 2016; 8:2326-2332. [PMID: 26750737 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spontaneous non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with hydrophobic porphyrin molecules in micellar aqueous solution. By monitoring the species concentrations with optical spectroscopies, we can follow the kinetics of the reaction and study its thermodynamical equilibrium as a function of the reagent concentrations. We show that the reaction is well accounted for by a cooperative Hill equation, reaching a molecular coverage close to a compact monolayer for a porphyrin concentration larger than a diameter-specific threshold concentration. The equilibrium constant is measured for 16 nanotube chiral species. The Gibbs energy of the reaction (of the order of -40 kJ mol(-1)) and its evolution with the nanotube diameter is consistent with theoretical calculations of the binding energy. This thermodynamical study shows a strong preferential binding of TPP molecules to larger diameter nanotubes. This original curvature selectivity can be used to induce diameter selective species enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vialla
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, Université P. et M. Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - G Delport
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Universite Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, Université P. et M. Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ph Roussignol
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, Université P. et M. Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - J S Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Universite Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, Université P. et M. Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vialla F, Chassagneux Y, Ferreira R, Roquelet C, Diederichs C, Cassabois G, Roussignol P, Lauret JS, Voisin C. Unifying the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of carbon nanotubes: the role of acoustic phonon confinement. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:057402. [PMID: 25126935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.057402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
At low temperature the photoluminescence of single-wall carbon nanotubes show a large variety of spectral profiles ranging from ultranarrow lines in suspended nanotubes to broad and asymmetrical line shapes that puzzle the current interpretation in terms of exciton-phonon coupling. Here, we present a complete set of photoluminescence profiles in matrix embedded nanotubes including unprecedented narrow emission lines. We demonstrate that the diversity of the low-temperature luminescence profiles in nanotubes originates in tiny modifications of their low-energy acoustic phonon modes. When low-energy modes are locally suppressed, a sharp photoluminescence line as narrow as 0.7 meV is restored. Furthermore, multipeak luminescence profiles with specific temperature dependence show the presence of confined phonon modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vialla
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Ferreira
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Roquelet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Université Paris Sud, CNRS (UPR3321), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Diederichs
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G Cassabois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS (UMR5221), F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ph Roussignol
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J S Lauret
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Université Paris Sud, CNRS (UPR3321), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS (UMR 8551), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, 24, rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pototschnig M, Chassagneux Y, Hwang J, Zumofen G, Renn A, Sandoghdar V. Controlling the phase of a light beam with a single molecule. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:063001. [PMID: 21902319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We employ heterodyne interferometry to investigate the effect of a single organic molecule on the phase of a propagating laser beam. We report on the first phase-contrast images of individual molecules and demonstrate a single-molecule electro-optical phase switch by applying a voltage to the microelectrodes embedded in the sample. Our results may find applications in single-molecule holography, fast optical coherent signal processing, and single-emitter quantum operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pototschnig
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chassagneux Y, Colombelli R, Maineults W, Barbieri S, Khanna SP, Linfield EH, Davies AG. Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers. Opt Express 2009; 17:9491-9502. [PMID: 19506596 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a framework to understand and predict the far-field emission in terahertz frequency photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers. The devices, which employ a high-performance three-well active region, are lithographically tunable and emit in the 104-120 microm wavelength range. A peak output power of 7 mW in pulsed mode is obtained at 10 K, and the typical device maximum operating temperature is 136 K. We identify the photonic-crystal band-edge states involved in the lasing process as originating from the hexapole and monopole modes at the G point of the photonic band structure, as designed. The theoretical far-field patterns, obtained via finite-difference time-domain simulations, are in excellent agreement with experiment. Polarization measurements further support the theory, and the role of the bonding wires in the emission process is elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chassagneux
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, UMR8622, Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bousseksou A, Colombelli R, Babuty A, De Wilde Y, Chassagneux Y, Sirtori C, Patriarche G, Beaudoin G, Sagnes I. A semiconductor laser device for the generation of surface-plasmons upon electrical injection. Opt Express 2009; 17:9391-9400. [PMID: 19466191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves originating from electrons and light oscillations at metallic surfaces. Since freely propagating light cannot be coupled directly into surface-plasmon modes, a compact, semiconductor electrical device capable of generating SPs on the device top metallic surface would represent an advantage: not only SP manipulation would become easier, but Au-metalized surfaces can be easily functionalized for applications. Here, we report a demonstration of such a device. The direct proof of surface-plasmon generation is obtained with apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy, which detects the presence of an intense, evanescent electric field above the device metallic surface upon electrical injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bousseksou
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, UMR8622, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sapienza L, Vasanelli A, Colombelli R, Ciuti C, Chassagneux Y, Manquest C, Gennser U, Sirtori C. Electrically injected cavity polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:136806. [PMID: 18517986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.136806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have realized an electroluminescent device operating in the light-matter strong-coupling regime based on a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade structure embedded in a planar microcavity. At zero bias, reflectivity measurements show a polariton anticrossing between the intersubband transition and the cavity mode. Under electrical injection the spectral features of the emitted light change drastically, as electrons are resonantly injected in a reduced part of the polariton branches. Our experiments demonstrate that electrons can be selectively injected into polariton states up to room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sapienza
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|