The Correlation Between the Type of Occupation Toward Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Individuals with Hypertension

Daily activities and occupation can significantly influence health conditions, so a health assessment related to occupational factors is essential to reduce the risk of the disease. One of the leading causes of mortality from cardiovascular disease worldwide is hypertension. This study aims to determine the correlation between the type of occupation toward blood pressure and cholesterol levels in individuals with hypertension. This paper was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was individuals with hypertension at Depok 2 Public Health Centre, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. In addition, the sample was 121 respondents with consecutive sampling. The independent variable was the type of occupation, and the dependent variables were blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Instruments were a questionnaire to evaluate the characteristics of respondents and the type of occupation, a digital sphygmomanometer to examine blood pressure, and cholesterol test kits to assess cholesterol levels. The data analysis used the Chi-Square test with α=0.05. Most respondents were female (59.5%) and aged 60-69 years old (47.1%). They worked in the informal sector (81.2%). In addition, they had grade 1 hypertension (52.1%). There was no significant correlation between the type of occupation and blood pressure in individuals with hypertension (p=0.248). In addition, most respondents had high cholesterol levels (50.4%). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the type of occupation and cholesterol levels in individuals with hypertension (p=0.128). In conclusion, the type of occupation is not a risk factor for increased blood pressure and cholesterol levels in individuals with hypertension.

The Use of Mobile Health Interventions for Outcomes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

There are currently limited systematic reviews of mobile health interventions for middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes from trial studies. This review aimed to gather and analyze information from experimental studies investigating the efficacy of mobile health usability for outcomes among middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes.

METHODS

We conducted a literature search in five databases: Clinicaltrials.gov, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO, with a date range of January 2007 to July 2022 written in English, following a registered protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42022354351). The quality and possibility of bias were assessed using the Jadad score. The data extraction and analysis were conducted in a methodical manner.

RESULTS

A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 19 studies using randomized trial designs and 6 studies with non-randomized designs. The study outcomes were the incidence of diabetes mellitus, anthropometric measures, laboratory examinations, measures of physical activity, and dietary behavior. During long-term follow-up, there was no significant difference between mobile health interventions and controls in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings of the studies for weight change, ≥3% and ≥5% weight loss, body mass index, and waist circumference changes were inconsistent. The efficacy of mobile health as an intervention for physical activity and dietary changes was lacking in conclusion. Most studies found that mobile health lacks sufficient evidence to change hbA1c. According to most of these studies, there was no significant difference in blood lipid level reduction.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of mobile health was not sufficiently proven to be effective for middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes.