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Rogers M, Coates A, Huggins CE, Dorrian J, Clark AB, Davis C, Leung GK, Davis R, Phoi YY, Kellow NJ, Iacovou M, Yates CL, Banks S, Sletten TL, Bonham MP. Study protocol for the Shifting Weight using Intermittent Fasting in night shift workers (SWIFt) study: a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing three weight loss strategies in night shift workers with obesity. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060520. [PMID: 35473743 PMCID: PMC9045043 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shift workers are at an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eating and sleeping out of synchronisation with endogenous circadian rhythms causes weight gain, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Interventions that promote weight loss and reduce the metabolic consequences of eating at night are needed for night shift workers. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of three weight loss strategies on weight loss and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in night shift workers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A multisite 18-month, three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing three weight loss strategies; continuous energy restriction; and two intermittent fasting strategies whereby participants will fast for 2 days per week (5:2); either during the day (5:2D) or during the night shift (5:2N). Participants will be randomised to a weight loss strategy for 24 weeks (weight loss phase) and followed up 12 months later (maintenance phase). The primary outcomes are weight loss and a change in HOMA-IR. Secondary outcomes include changes in glucose, insulin, blood lipids, body composition, waist circumference, physical activity and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 24 weeks (primary endpoint) and 18 months (12-month follow-up). The intervention will be delivered by research dietitians via a combination of face-to-face and telehealth consultations. Mixed-effect models will be used to identify changes in dependent outcomes (weight and HOMA-IR) with predictor variables of outcomes of group, time and group-time interaction, following an intention-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (RES 19-0000-462A) and registered with Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee. Ethical approval has also been obtained from the University of South Australia (HREC ID: 202379) and Ambulance Victoria Research Committee (R19-037). Results from this trial will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and student theses. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN-12619001035112).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rogers
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela B Clark
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinne Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gloria Kw Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rochelle Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Yin Phoi
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Iacovou
- Centre of Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Crystal L Yates
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Phoi YY, Bonham MP, Rogers M, Dorrian J, Coates AM. Content Validation of a Chrononutrition Questionnaire for the General and Shift Work Populations: A Delphi Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114087. [PMID: 34836341 PMCID: PMC8620673 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual meal timing has been associated with a higher prevalence of chronic disease. Those at greater risk include shift workers and evening chronotypes. This study aimed to validate the content of a Chrononutrition Questionnaire for shift and non-shift workers to identify temporal patterns of eating in relation to chronotype. Content validity was determined using a Delphi study of three rounds. Experts rated the relevance of, and provided feedback on, 46 items across seven outcomes: meal regularity, times of first eating occasion, last eating occasion, largest meal, main meals/snacks, wake, and sleep, which were edited in response. Items with greater than 70% consensus of relevance were accepted. Rounds one, two, and three had 28, 26, and 24 experts, respectively. Across three rounds, no outcomes were irrelevant, but seven were merged into three for ease of usage, and two sections were added for experts to rate and comment on. In the final round, all but one of 29 items achieved greater than 70% consensus of relevance with no further changes. The Chrononutrition Questionnaire was deemed relevant to experts in circadian biology and chrononutrition, and could represent a convenient tool to assess temporal patterns of eating in relation to chronotype in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin Phoi
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Maxine P. Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Michelle Rogers
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia;
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia;
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Habibi N, Bianco-Miotto T, Phoi YY, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Roberts CT, Grieger JA. Maternal diet and offspring telomere length: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:148-159. [PMID: 32968801 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies assert a negative influence of inappropriate maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy on offspring, not only in utero but throughout life, because of the role in the programing of noncommunicable diseases. Telomere length is a biomarker of aging, and shorter telomeres are associated with chronic disease later in life. Maternal nutrition and nutritional status may be an important determinant of offspring telomere length. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of maternal nutrition and nutritional status in pregnancy on offspring telomere length. DATA SOURCES This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Database searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science were performed. STUDY SELECTION Included studies assessed the association between maternal nutrition (dietary intake and nutritional status) during pregnancy and offspring telomere length measured in cord blood, serum, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DATA EXTRACTION Three authors screened and determined the quality of the articles; disagreements were resolved by a fourth author. All authors compared the compiled data. RESULTS Seven studies were extracted and evaluated. Studies comprised a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n = 1), prospective cohort studies (n = 5), and a cross-sectional study (n = 1). Higher circulating maternal folate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations, along with higher maternal dietary caffeine intakes, were associated with longer offspring telomere length, whereas higher dietary intake of carbohydrate, folate, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, or sodium was not. CONCLUSION The limited but suggestive evidence highlights the need for further research to be conducted in this area, particularly longitudinal studies involving larger cohorts of pregnant women. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019136506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yan Yin Phoi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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