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Xiao YN, Yu FY, Xu Q, Gu J. Tropism and Infectivity of Pandemic Influenza A H1N1/09 Virus in the Human Placenta. Viruses 2022; 14:2807. [PMID: 36560811 PMCID: PMC9783296 DOI: 10.3390/v14122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection in pregnant women may put the fetus at higher risk; however, to date, there has been no detailed research about the expression of influenza virus receptors in the human placenta. We employed the lectin staining technique, which is a classic influenza virus receptor research method for studying the distribution of viral receptors in the human placenta. In addition, we examined the susceptibility of the human placenta to H1N1/09, by detecting viral proteins and RNA at different time points post-infection. We found that the human placenta expressed both avian and human influenza A virus receptors (α-2, 3-linked sialic acid and α-2, 6-linked sialic acid). In addition, H1N1/09 did not only infect the human placenta, but also replicated and was released into the culture media. We concluded that the human placenta is susceptible to the 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1/09) infection, and that particular attention should be paid to shielding pregnant women from infection during influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fei-Yuan Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
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Zhang HZ, Ding ZX, Shen MW, Xiao YN, Peng ZH, Shen HB. [Advance on theoretical epidemiology models research of prevention and control of COVID-19]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:1256-1262. [PMID: 34706514 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210310-00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has brought a significant impact to the global health system, and also opportunities and challenges to epidemiological researches. Theoretical epidemiological models can simulate the process of epidemic in scenarios under different conditions. Therefore, modeling researches can analyze the epidemical trend of COVID-19, predict epidemical risks, and evaluate effects of different control measures and vaccine policies. Theoretical epidemiological modeling researches provide scientific advice for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and play a crucial role in containing COVID-19 over the past year. In this study, we review the theoretical epidemiological modeling researches on COVID-19 and summarize the role of theoretical epidemiological models in the prevention and control of COVID-19, in order to provide reference for the combination of mathematical modeling and epidemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z X Ding
- China International Cooperation Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - M W Shen
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Y N Xiao
- Center for the Intersection of Mathematics and Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Z H Peng
- China International Cooperation Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - H B Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Abstract
Objective: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemic severities, non-pharmaceutical intervention intensities, individual behavior patterns and vaccination coverage vary with countries in the world. China has experienced a long period without indigenous cases, unfortunately, multi local outbreaks caused by imported cases and other factors have been reported, posing great challenges to COVID-19 prevention and control in China. Thus it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of the re-emerged COVID-19 epidemics and their differences. Methods: Based on susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) epidemic dynamics model, we developed a set of novel evolution equations which can describe the dynamic processes of integrated influence of interventions, vaccination coverage and individual behavior changes on the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic. We developed methods to calculate the optimal intervention intensity and vaccination rate at which the size of susceptible population can be reduced to less than threshold for the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic. Results: If strong interventions or super interventions are lifted too early, even a small cause can lead to the re-emergence of COVID-19 epidemic at different degrees. Moreover, the stronger the early control measures lifted are, the more severe the epidemic is. The individual behavior changes for the susceptibility to the epidemic and the enhancement or lifting of prevention and control measures are key factors to influence the incidence the multi outbreaks of COVID-19. The optimist early intervention measures and timely optimization of vaccination can not only prevent the re-emergency of COVID-19 epidemic, but also effectively lower the peak of the first wave of the epidemic and delay its arrival. Conclusion: The study revealed that factors for the re-emergence of COVID-19 epidemics included the intensity and lifting of interventions, the change of individual behavior to the response of the epidemic, external incentives and the transmissibility of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Xiao
- Center for Intersection of Mathematics and Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Q Li
- Center for Intersection of Mathematics and Life Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - W K Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Z H Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - S Y Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
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Wang GF, Meng JF, Tian T, Xiao XQ, Zhang B, Xiao YN. Endophytic Bacillus velezensis strain B-36 is a potential biocontrol agent against lotus rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1153-1162. [PMID: 31808212 PMCID: PMC7079251 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to screen potential lotus plant endophytic bacterial isolate for effective inhibition against lotus rot causing fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, endophytic bacteria were isolated from lotus tissues and tested for antagonistic activities against the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum. Among the putative endophytic Bacillus strains identified, suspensions of the strain B-36 showed the highest inhibition rate against F. oxysporum growth. Pot assays indicated that B-36 was effective in controlling F. oxysporum-inducing lotus rot. However, the control efficiency varied with the inoculation method and concentration, where injection of 800 μl B-36 suspension per plant (2 × 108 CFU per ml) into stems showed the highest control efficiencies of 77·1 and 60·0% for pre-inoculation and post-inoculation. In addition, the colonizing population levels (CPLs) of B-36 on lotus also varied with the inoculation method and concentration, with the highest CPLs, that is, 3·05 and 2·83 log(CFU per gram), being observed on lotus leaves and stems respectively for stem injection of 200 μl per plant. Moreover B-36 showed no noticeable effects on lotus seed germination rate or seedling growth. Finally, B-36 was characterized as Bacillus velezensis based on its morphology, Gram-positive characteristics, as well as its 16S rDNA and gyrB sequences. CONCLUSION The isolate B-36 can be applied as a biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum-inducing lotus rot. SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT OF THE STUDY The soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum causes lotus rot and severe yield loss, and currently available control methods are very limited. Here we identify a new promising biocontrol agent against lotus rot caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Wang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J F Meng
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - T Tian
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Q Xiao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - B Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y N Xiao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yan QL, Tang SY, Xiao YN. Impact of individual behaviour change on the spread of emerging infectious diseases. Stat Med 2017; 37:948-969. [PMID: 29193194 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human behaviour plays an important role in the spread of emerging infectious diseases, and understanding the influence of behaviour changes on epidemics can be key to improving control efforts. However, how the dynamics of individual behaviour changes affects the development of emerging infectious disease is a key public health issue. To develop different formula for individual behaviour change and introduce how to embed it into a dynamic model of infectious diseases, we choose A/H1N1 and Ebola as typical examples, combined with the epidemic reported cases and media related news reports. Thus, the logistic model with the health belief model is used to determine behaviour decisions through the health belief model constructs. Furthermore, we propose 4 candidate infectious disease models without and with individual behaviour change and use approximate Bayesian computation based on sequential Monte Carlo method for model selection. The main results indicate that the classical compartment model without behaviour change and the model with average rate of behaviour change depicted by an exponential function could fit the observed data best. The results provide a new way on how to choose an infectious disease model to predict the disease prevalence trend or to evaluate the influence of intervention measures on disease control. However, sensitivity analyses indicate that the accumulated number of hospital notifications and deaths could be largely reduced as the rate of behaviour change increases. Therefore, in terms of mitigating emerging infectious diseases, both media publicity focused on how to guide people's behaviour change and positive responses of individuals are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Yan
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - S Y Tang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Y N Xiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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Wang ZH, Zhao ZX, Hong N, Ni D, Cai L, Xu WX, Xiao YN. Characterization of Causal Agents of a Novel Disease Inducing Brown-Black Spots on Tender Tea Leaves in China. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1802-1811. [PMID: 30676920 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0495-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel disease characterized by small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on tender tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) has been observed in many regions of Hubei Province, China, which severely affects the yield and quality of tea. Tea leaf samples with typical symptoms were collected from three major tea-cultivation regions of Hubei, and were subjected to pathogen isolation for etiological analysis. As a result, 34 Pestalotiopsis isolates were obtained from 20 samples, and they were identified as Pestalotiopsis theae (14 isolates), P. camelliae (12), and P. clavispora (8), determined by morphologies and phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer, and partial β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. Pathogenicity tests on detached tea leaves showed that no matter what mycelial discs or conidium suspensions were used, inoculation of the Pestalotiopsis fungi could result in small brown-black spots (1 to 2 mm in diameter) on wounded leaves, similar to those observed in the field in the sizes and colors. It also revealed that only P. theae had pathogenicity on unwounded tea leaves, and P. theae and P. clavispora showed significantly higher virulence than P. camelliae. Inoculation test with conidium suspension on intact tea leaves in the field further confirmed that P. theae as the pathogen of brown-black spots. Reisolation of the pathogens from diseased leaves confirmed that the symptom was caused by the inoculation of Pestalotiopsis fungi. The P. theae isolates responsible for brown-black spots were also compared with those for tea gray blight disease in growth rate, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics in parallel. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the Pestalotiopsis fungi cause brown-black spot disease on tender tea leaves. The results provide important implications for the prevention and management of this economically important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Z X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - N Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - L Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - W X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Y N Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
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He CP, Fan LY, Wu WH, Liang YQ, Li R, Tang W, Zheng XL, Xiao YN, Liu ZX, Zheng FC. Identification of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis Czk1 isolated from the aerial roots of rubber trees. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16018710. [PMID: 28252162 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16018710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We obtained a strain of Bacillus subtilis, which we named Czk1, from the aerial roots of rubber trees. This bacterial isolate exhibits strong antagonistic activity against Ganoderma pseudoferreum, Phellinus noxius, Helicobasidium compactum, Rigidoporus lignosus, Sphaerostilbe repens, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Our earlier research has shown that the antagonistic activity of a fermentation supernatant Czk1 isolate produces a complex mixture of lipopeptides. In this study, we used methanol to extract crude lipopeptides, purified them using a Sephadex G-25 column, cloned the lipopeptide genes, and analyzed purified fractions by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to identify the lipopeptides from B. subtilis strain Czk1. The cloned lipopeptide genes included those that encode the enzymes lpa, ituD, sfp, and fenB. The crude lipopeptides were purified and found in five fractions. Further analysis revealed that five fractions of the purified composition contained members of the surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and bacillomycin families of antibiotics. This suggests that these lipopeptides from strain Czk1 have potential as plant disease biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Y Fan
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - W H Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Y Q Liang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - R Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - W Tang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - X L Zheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Y N Xiao
- College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z X Liu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - F C Zheng
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhang N, Cai YR, Yi XW, Xiao YN, Chen B, Li WX. Effects of prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or remifentanil on the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17809-19. [PMID: 26782426 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.22.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has indicated that exposure to anesthesia in early development leads to neuro-apoptosis and is followed by long-term cognitive dysfunction. Given that larger numbers of pregnant women currently receive anesthesia during the first trimester, we wanted to mimic this process in vitro using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and to explore how different anesthetics affect the self-renewal of mESCs. In the present study, mESCs were exposed to dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or remifentanil at clinical concentrations for 48 h. The mESCs were then analyzed for cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry to analyze the cell cycle and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the gene expression during the cell cycle as well as the relevant stemness markers. We found that prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl significantly inhibited mESC proliferation, with fewer cell numbers as well as decreased expression of cyclin B and cyclin E mRNA compared to that in the control group; meanwhile, p21 and RB2 gene expression was increased. Additionally, increases or decreases in the proportion of cells in the G1 and S phases, respectively, were observed in the dexmedetomidine- and fentanyl-treated groups. These anesthetics also repressed the gene expression of mESC stemness makers such as Oct4 and Sox2. However, remifentanil seemed to have no significant influence on the self-renewal of mESCs. These results demonstrated that prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl, but not remifentanil, inhibited mESC proliferation by blocking the G1 to S transition, and repressed the maintenance of mESC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y R Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X W Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y N Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W X Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang H, Xiao ZX, Wang FG, Xiao YN, Zhao JR, Zheng YL, Qiu FZ. Mapping of HtNB, a gene conferring non-lesion resistance before heading to Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.), in a maize inbred line derived from the Indonesian variety Bramadi. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:2523-33. [PMID: 22869072 DOI: 10.4238/2012.july.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The gene HtNB confers non-lesion resistance to the fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum in maize. To map this gene, we developed two F₂ populations, P111 (resistant line) x HuangZao 4 (susceptible line) and P111 x B73 (susceptible). HtNB was located on chromosome 8.07 bin, flanked by MAC216826-4 and umc2218 at distances of 3.3 and 3.4 cM, respectively. HtNB appears to be a new gene responsible for resistance to northern corn leaf blight. Functions of the genes in the region between umc1384 and umc2218 were predicted. In addition, several genes were found to be related to disease resistance, such as the genes encoding Ser/Thr protein kinase and protein-like leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, HuaZhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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