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Jonauskaite D, Abu-Akel A, Dael N, Oberfeld D, Abdel-Khalek AM, Al-Rasheed AS, Antonietti JP, Bogushevskaya V, Chamseddine A, Chkonia E, Corona V, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Griber YA, Grimshaw G, Hasan AA, Havelka J, Hirnstein M, Karlsson BSA, Laurent E, Lindeman M, Marquardt L, Mefoh P, Papadatou-Pastou M, Pérez-Albéniz A, Pouyan N, Roinishvili M, Romanyuk L, Salgado Montejo A, Schrag Y, Sultanova A, Uusküla M, Vainio S, Wąsowicz G, Zdravković S, Zhang M, Mohr C. Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity. Psychol Sci 2020; 31:1245-1260. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797620948810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of us “see red,” “feel blue,” or “turn green with envy.” Are such color-emotion associations fundamental to our shared cognitive architecture, or are they cultural creations learned through our languages and traditions? To answer these questions, we tested emotional associations of colors in 4,598 participants from 30 nations speaking 22 native languages. Participants associated 20 emotion concepts with 12 color terms. Pattern-similarity analyses revealed universal color-emotion associations (average similarity coefficient r = .88). However, local differences were also apparent. A machine-learning algorithm revealed that nation predicted color-emotion associations above and beyond those observed universally. Similarity was greater when nations were linguistically or geographically close. This study highlights robust universal color-emotion associations, further modulated by linguistic and geographic factors. These results pose further theoretical and empirical questions about the affective properties of color and may inform practice in applied domains, such as well-being and design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nele Dael
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
- Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne
| | - Daniel Oberfeld
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | | | | | | | - Victoria Bogushevskaya
- Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Amer Chamseddine
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University
| | - Violeta Corona
- Escuela de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad Panamericana
- Business Management Department, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | | | - Yulia A. Griber
- Department of Sociology and Philosophy, Smolensk State University
| | - Gina Grimshaw
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - Aya Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University
| | | | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen
| | - Bodil S. A. Karlsson
- Division of Built Environment, Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Laurent
- Laboratory of Psychology, University Bourgogne Franche–Comté
- Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de l’Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and University of Franche-Comté
| | | | - Lynn Marquardt
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen
| | | | - Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Biomedical Research Foundation (BRFaa), Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Maya Roinishvili
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, T’bilisi, Georgia
| | - Lyudmyla Romanyuk
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
- Department of Psychology, V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University
- Department of Psychology, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts
| | - Alejandro Salgado Montejo
- Escuela Internacional de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de La Sabana
- Center for Multisensory Marketing, BI Norwegian Business School
- Neurosketch, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yann Schrag
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
| | - Aygun Sultanova
- National Mental Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Suvi Vainio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | | | - Sunčica Zdravković
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, University of Belgrade
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University
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Thomas NA, Churches O, White I, Mohr C, Schrag Y, Obucina S, Nicholls MER. An investigation of left/right driving rules on deviations while walking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186171. [PMID: 29020027 PMCID: PMC5636144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When traversing through an aperture, such as a doorway, people characteristically deviate towards the right. This rightward deviation can be explained by a rightward attentional bias which leads to rightward bisections in far space. It is also possible, however, that left or right driving practices affect the deviation. To explore this possibility, Australian (left-side drivers) and Swiss (right-side drivers) participants (n = 36 & 34) walked through the middle of an aperture. To control for the sway of the body, participants started with either their left or right foot. Sway had a significant effect on participants' position in the doorway and the amount of sway was greater for Australians-perhaps due to national differences in gait. There was a significant rightward deviation for the Swiss, but not for the Australians. It is suggested that driving practices have a small additive effect on rightward attentional biases whereby the bias is increased for people who drive on the right and reduced in people who drive on the left.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Churches
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian White
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Schrag
- Institute of Psychology Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Obucina
- Institute of Psychology Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maij DLR, van Harreveld F, Gervais W, Schrag Y, Mohr C, van Elk M. Mentalizing skills do not differentiate believers from non-believers, but credibility enhancing displays do. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182764. [PMID: 28832606 PMCID: PMC5568287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to mentalize has been marked as an important cognitive mechanism enabling belief in supernatural agents. In five studies we cross-culturally investigated the relationship between mentalizing and belief in supernatural agents with large sample sizes (over 67,000 participants in total) and different operationalizations of mentalizing. The relative importance of mentalizing for endorsing supernatural beliefs was directly compared with credibility enhancing displays-the extent to which people observed credible religious acts during their upbringing. We also compared autistic with neurotypical adolescents. The empathy quotient and the autism-spectrum quotient were not predictive of belief in supernatural agents in all countries (i.e., The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States), although we did observe a curvilinear effect in the United States. We further observed a strong influence of credibility enhancing displays on belief in supernatural agents. These findings highlight the importance of cultural learning for acquiring supernatural beliefs and ask for reconsiderations of the importance of mentalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David. L. R. Maij
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Frenk van Harreveld
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Will Gervais
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yann Schrag
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Psychology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Mohr
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Psychology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michiel van Elk
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mohr C, Braun S, Chmetz F, Kluckner V, Lott P, Schrag Y, Stassen H. Cross-cultural assessment of coping behavior under chronic stress. A three-center study of 407 + 404 + 406 students. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mohr C, Braun S, Bridler R, Chmetz F, Delfino JP, Kluckner VJ, Lott P, Schrag Y, Seifritz E, Stassen HH. Insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Psychopathology 2014; 47:235-43. [PMID: 24435022 DOI: 10.1159/000356398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data indicate that 75% of subjects with major psychiatric disorders have their onset of illness in the age range of 17-24 years. An estimated 35-50% of college and university students drop out prematurely due to insufficient coping skills under chronic stress, while 85% of students receiving a psychiatric diagnosis withdraw from college/university prior to the completion of their education. In this study, we aimed at developing standardized means of identifying students with insufficient coping skills under chronic stress and at risk for mental health problems. SAMPLING AND METHODS A sample of 1,217 college students from 3 different sites in the USA and Switzerland completed 2 self-report questionnaires: the Coping Strategies Inventory (COPE) and the Zurich Health Questionnaire (ZHQ), which assesses 'regular exercises', 'consumption behavior', 'impaired physical health', 'psychosomatic disturbances' and 'impaired mental health'. The data were subjected to structure analyses by means of a neural network approach. We found 2 highly stable and reproducible COPE scales that explained the observed interindividual variation in coping behavior sufficiently well and in a socioculturally independent way. The scales reflected basic coping behavior in terms of 'activity-passivity' and 'defeatism-resilience', and in the sense of stable, socioculturally independent personality traits. RESULTS Correlation analyses carried out for external validation revealed a close relationship between high scores on the defeatism scale and impaired physical and mental health. This underlined the role of insufficient coping behavior as a risk factor for physical and mental health problems. CONCLUSION The combined COPE and ZHQ instruments appear to constitute powerful screening tools for insufficient coping skills under chronic stress and for risks of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Braun S, Botella C, Bridler R, Chmetz F, Delfino JP, Herzig D, Kluckner VJ, Mohr C, Moragrega I, Schrag Y, Seifritz E, Soler C, Stassen HH. Affective state and voice: cross-cultural assessment of speaking behavior and voice sound characteristics--a normative multicenter study of 577 + 36 healthy subjects. Psychopathology 2014; 47:327-40. [PMID: 25227968 DOI: 10.1159/000363247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human speech is greatly influenced by the speakers' affective state, such as sadness, happiness, grief, guilt, fear, anger, aggression, faintheartedness, shame, sexual arousal, love, amongst others. Attentive listeners discover a lot about the affective state of their dialog partners with no great effort, and without having to talk about it explicitly during a conversation or on the phone. On the other hand, speech dysfunctions, such as slow, delayed or monotonous speech, are prominent features of affective disorders. METHODS This project was comprised of four studies with healthy volunteers from Bristol (English: n = 117), Lausanne (French: n = 128), Zurich (German: n = 208), and Valencia (Spanish: n = 124). All samples were stratified according to gender, age, and education. The specific study design with different types of spoken text along with repeated assessments at 14-day intervals allowed us to estimate the 'natural' variation of speech parameters over time, and to analyze the sensitivity of speech parameters with respect to form and content of spoken text. Additionally, our project included a longitudinal self-assessment study with university students from Zurich (n = 18) and unemployed adults from Valencia (n = 18) in order to test the feasibility of the speech analysis method in home environments. RESULTS The normative data showed that speaking behavior and voice sound characteristics can be quantified in a reproducible and language-independent way. The high resolution of the method was verified by a computerized assignment of speech parameter patterns to languages at a success rate of 90%, while the correct assignment to texts was 70%. In the longitudinal self-assessment study we calculated individual 'baselines' for each test person along with deviations thereof. The significance of such deviations was assessed through the normative reference data. CONCLUSIONS Our data provided gender-, age-, and language-specific thresholds that allow one to reliably distinguish between 'natural fluctuations' and 'significant changes'. The longitudinal self-assessment study with repeated assessments at 1-day intervals over 14 days demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the speech analysis method in home environments, thus clearing the way to a broader range of applications in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Braun
- Institute for Response-Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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