Inositol hexaphosphate modulates the behavior of macrophages through alteration of gene expression involved in pathways of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary compound commonly obtained from corn, rice, etc. Although we may consume significant amount of IP6 daily, it is unclear whether this diet will impact macrophages' fate and function. Therefore, we characterized the underlying relationship between IP6 and macrophage polarization in this study. We specifically examined the signature gene expression profiles associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways in macrophages under the influence of IP6. Interestingly, our data suggested that IP6 polarizes bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) into an M2a-like subtype. Our results also demonstrated that IP6 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. In contrast, the expression levels of genes related to anti-inflammatory responses and resolution of inflammation pathways are upregulated. Our findings collectively demonstrated that IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrant further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases.

Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with intermediate and advanced/relapsed hepatocellular carcinoma: a TOS-ESMO initiative endorsed by CSCO, ISMPO, JSMO, KSMO, MOS and SSO

The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was published in 2018, and covered the diagnosis, management, treatment and follow-up of early, intermediate and advanced disease. At the ESMO Asia Meeting in November 2018 it was decided by both the ESMO and the Taiwan Oncology Society (TOS) to convene a special guidelines meeting immediately after the Taiwan Joint Cancer Conference (TJCC) in May 2019 in Taipei. The aim was to adapt the ESMO 2018 guidelines to take into account both the ethnic and the geographic differences in practice associated with the treatment of HCC in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with intermediate and advanced/relapsed HCC representing the oncology societies of Taiwan (TOS), China (CSCO), India (ISMPO) Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS) and Singapore (SSO). The voting was based on scientific evidence, and was independent of the current treatment practices, the drug availability and reimbursement situations in the individual participating Asian countries.

The effects of coarse and wet feeding on performance parameters, gastrointestinal tract and tibia traits, and digesta phytase activity in egg-type pullets, either fed a low or moderate phosphorus diet

In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels, 0.17% (low) and 0.33% (moderate), diet moisture (dry and wet), and diet particle size (coarse and fine), were studied on egg production, characteristics of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and tibia, digesta pH, and phytase activity in layer pullets (16 to 28 wk of age). The low NPP diet increased average daily water intake (ADWI) to ADFI ratio (4.2%) from 16 to 17 wk, but decreased this ratio (2.8%) from 23 to 27 wk. It decreased ADFI (1.5%) and egg mass production (3.8%) from 19 to 22 wk. It decreased egg weight (0.29 g) and ADWI (2.1%) from 23 to 27 wk. At 22 wk, the GIT relative empty organ weights were (g/kg BW) higher for proventriculus + gizzard (0.96), duodeneum (0.94), and jejunum + ileum (1.95) with the low vs. moderate NPP diet. The low NPP diet decreased digesta phytase activity in crop and proventriculus+gizzard at 28 wk. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, egg mass production (3.0%) from 19 to 22 wk, and egg weight (0.45 g) from 23 to 27 wk. The wet diet also increased digesta phytase activity in proventriculus+gizzard. The coarse diet decreased ADFI from 19 to 22 wk (1.7%) and 23 to 27 wk (1.2%). The coarse diet caused reduced egg mass production (2.6%) from 23 to 27 wk. Egg shell breaking strength was increased on the coarse diet (0.9 Newton). The coarse diet increased ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, and increased relative gizzard weight by 1.95 and 0.81 g/kg BW at 22 and 28 wk, respectively. The coarse diet increased jejunal/ileal pH with 0.16 units at 28 wk. None of the tested parameters affected tibia characteristics. It was concluded that a low NPP diet did not clearly affect the studied parameters. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and egg production. The coarse diet increased ADWI, egg shell breaking strength, relative gizzard weight, and reduced ADFI and egg production.

P4-07-12: Identification of p53 Mutation in Whole Genome DNA from Single Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Primary Breast Cancers (BC) from Patients (pts) with Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)

Background: CTCs represent the source of distant metastases, and are also implied in the growth/re-growth of primary BC. Molecular/gene-level characterization of similarities and discordances between CTCs and BCs in pts with MBC may provide useful information for individualized treatment. Since somatic p53 mutations are frequently observed in primary BCs, we set out to assess the feasibility of identifying such mutations in CTCs from pts with MBCs, and compare the findings with those of the primary BCs from the same pts. Material and Method: Fiber-optic Array Scanning Technology (FAST) was used for identification and location of CTCs on large glass substrates. CTCs were identified after blood samples (10 ml) from MBC pts were stained to detect CTCs via automated digital microscopy by morphology, based on immunofuorescence staining for cytokeratin and nucleus, and the absence of CD45. Single CTCs from 10 pts with MBC were identified and removed from the glass substrates. DNA was extracted, and the whole genome of isolated CTCs was amplified by using whole genome amplification method (Sigma). P53 mutations in exon 5, exon 6, exon 7 and exon 8 were assessed. As comparison, genomic DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) from primary BCs of the same pts, was amplified using the same method.

Results: p53 mutations were found in 8 out of 10 CTCs, and in 4 out of 10 in primary BC samples. Of 8 mutations detected in CTCs, one silent mutation and 7 missense mutations were seen. One particular point mutation, R181L, previously assessed as functional mutation, was observed in 4 out of 8 CTCs. None of the 4 mutations (a silent mutation, one missense mutation and two different deletions) detected in tumor samples were found in CTCs. We validated that the mutations detected in CTCs were not artifacts occurring during genome amplification, by comparing p53 mutations between unamplified tumor genomic DNA vs. amplified samples.

Conclusion: Whole genome amplification based on extracting DNA from single CTCs using FAST, and identification of mutations such as those in p53, is feasible. The quantitative and qualitative discordance in detecting p53 mutations between CTCs and primary BCs may be due to CTCs acquiring new -possibly epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like-characteristics with metastatic potential as they evolve from the primary tumors or metastatic sites, or, technical issues (analyzing FFPE-preserved vs. CTCs, tumor heterogeneity) may contribute to our findings. Further assessment of the functionality of high frequent functional mutations such as R181L is warranted.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-12.

FZD7 has a critical role in cell proliferation in triple negative breast cancer

Breast cancer is genetically and clinically heterogeneous. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is usually associated with poor outcome and lack of benefit from targeted therapy. We used microarray analysis to perform a pathway analysis of TNBC compared with non-triple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Overexpression of several Wnt pathway genes, such as frizzled homolog 7 (FZD7), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 and transcription factor 7 (TCF7) was observed in TNBC, and we directed our focus to the Wnt pathway receptor, FZD7. To validate the function of FZD7, FZD7shRNA was used to knock down FZD7 expression. Notably, reduced cell proliferation and suppressed invasiveness and colony formation were observed in TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells. Study of the possible mechanism indicated that these effects occurred through silencing of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, as evidenced by loss of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and decreased transcriptional activity of TCF7. In vivo studies revealed that FZD7shRNA significantly suppressed tumor formation, through reduced cell proliferation, in mice bearing xenografts without FZD7 expression. Our findings suggest that FZD7-involved canonical Wnt signaling pathway is essential for tumorigenesis of TNBC, and thus, FZD7 shows promise as a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.

Carcinoid crisis 24 hours after bland embolization: A case report

Within 24 h of bland embolization of carcinoid liver metastasis, patient developed flushing and severe hypotension consistent with carcinoid crisis. Octreotide pre- and post-procedure remains the mainstay for prevention and treatment of carcinoid crisis.

Basal-, Luminal-, and HER2- Molecular Subtype, and the MammaPrint 70-Gene Signature as Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NCT) with Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide (TAC), or AC and Nab-Paclitaxel and Carboplatin +/- Trastuzumab in Patients (Pts) with Stage II-III and Inflammatory Breast Cancer (BC)

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) and minimal residual cancer burden (RCB scores of 0 [pCR]-1[near CR]) after NCT may predict for improved survival (Symmans et al. J Clin Oncol 25:4414-22, 2007). Hence, improved NCT regimens in conjunction with molecular markers that predict for both response and/or resistance are needed. Materials and Methods: 115 pts with stages II-III BC were to be prospectively randomized to receive 6 cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 with filgrastim support (TAC, arm A) versus a novel regimen of A 60 mg/m2 and C 600 mg/m2 given every 2 weeks x 4, followed by 3 weekly doses of carboplatin (AUC 2) and nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 repeated as 28 day cycles x 3 (arm B). Pts with HER2 + BC received NCT similar to arm B, but with the addition of 12 weekly doses of trastuzumab given together with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (arm C). Core biopsies were performed prior to NCT and were preserved fresh frozen. 70-gene (MammaPrint™) profiling and 80-gene profiling (van de Vijver et al. NEJM 347:1999-2009, 2002) to categorize all tumors for basal-, HER2-, and luminal subtypes were carried out. We set out to assess the predictive value of Mammaprint scores (poor vs. good), as well as basal, vs. luminal, vs. HER2 molecular subtype profiling, for response to treatment on arms A vs. B vs. C. Responses were dichotomized as complete or near complete response (Symmans RCB scores of 0-1) vs. suboptimal response (RCB score > 1). Results: Sufficient amount of BC tissue and good quality RNA for gene array assessment were procured in 64% of the first 90 patients who have undergone pre-treatment core biopsies, and then proceeded to NCT, followed by definitive surgery. Here we report on the first 50 pts with complete set of data analyzed. The median age was 50 years (range:31-69). Pts were treated for stage II (49%) and III locally advanced (41%), and inflammatory BC (10%). By gene profiling, 28% of the tumors were HER2-type (vs. 38% by IHC 3+, or FISH, representing all pts treated on arm C), 26% basal-type, 42% luminal-type, and 4% borderline luminal-type. Poor-prognosis signature by the 70-gene (MammaPrint) assay was observed in 74% of pts: 92% of HER2-type, 100% of basal-type, and 52% of luminal-type tumors were characterized as poor-risk by the 70-gene assay. Following NCT, Symmans RCB scores of 0-1 were observed in 71% of pts with HER2-type, in 38% with basal-type, and 28% of pts with luminal-type molecular subtype characteristics. Conclusion: BC with HER2- and basal-molecular subtypes are more likely to respond to NCT and is frequently associated with poor-risk characteristics as determined by the 70-gene assay. The complete analysis of correlations among response to specific sets of NCT, molecular subtype, and 70-gene assay results in the entire pt population will be presented.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2026.

Prognostic relevance of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit p53R2 in pancreatic cancer

e15655

Background: Pancreatic cancer has the worst survival of any solid tumor, with most patients presenting with metastatic disease. Even after surgical resection the median survival is only 20 months suggesting micrometastatic disease. Ribonucleotide reductase is a critical enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair. Previous studies have shown that ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) subunit is associated with invasion and metastasis. Even though p53R2 has 80% homology to RRM2, its role is quite different. Here we report on the prognostic relevance of p53R2 in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Archived pathology specimens were obtained from 30 patients and immunohistochemistry for p53R2 performed on an IRB approved protocol (#06253). Clinical data was obtained by chart review and log-rank and Cox hazard proportional models were used to analyze overall and disease-free survival. Cell culture analysis was performed to further evaluate the role of p53R2. Utilizing a Matrigel chamber, invasive MiaPaCa-2 cells were collected for comparison to parental cells. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 13.2 months (p53R2+) vs 8.5 months (p53R2-) (p=0.01). Disease free survival (DFS) was 12.4 vs 8.5 months respectively (p<0.05). By Western analysis, invasive cells have a higher protein level of RRM2 compared to parental cells. Interestingly, the protein level of p53R2 was low in the invasive cells suggesting an opposing role. To confirm this we inhibited p53R2 using siRNA which enhanced the migration ability of Mia PaCa-2 cells. Conclusions: Patients with p53R2 expression have improved disease-free and overall survival suggesting this may be used as a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer patients.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

In vivo 13 carbon metabolic imaging at 3T with hyperpolarized 13C-1-pyruvate

We present for the first time dynamic spectra and spectroscopic images acquired in normal rats at 3T following the injection of (13)C-1-pyruvate that was hyperpolarized by the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method. Spectroscopic sampling was optimized for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and for spectral resolution of (13)C-1-pyruvate and its metabolic products (13)C-1-alanine, (13)C-1-lactate, and (13)C-bicarbonate. Dynamic spectra in rats were collected with a temporal resolution of 3 s from a 90-mm axial slab using a dual (1)H-(13)C quadrature birdcage coil to observe the combined effects of metabolism, flow, and T(1) relaxation. In separate experiments, spectroscopic imaging data were obtained during a 17-s acquisition of a 20-mm axial slice centered on the rat kidney region to provide information on the spatial distribution of the metabolites. Conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate occurred within a minute of injection. Alanine was observed primarily in skeletal muscle and liver, while pyruvate, lactate, and bicarbonate concentrations were relatively high in the vasculature and kidneys. In contrast to earlier work at 1.5 T, bicarbonate was routinely observed in skeletal muscle as well as the kidney and vasculature.

First-in-human phase I trial of a cyclodextrin-containing polymer-camptothecin nanoparticle in patients with solid tumors

14078

Background: IT-101 is a de novo designed experimental therapeutic comprised of linear, cyclodextrin(CD)-containing polymer conjugates of camptothecin(CPT) that assemble into ca. 40 nm diameter nanoparticles via polymer-polymer interactions that involve inclusion complex formation between the CPT and the CD. Particle size, near neutral surface charge and CPT release rate were specifically designed into IT-101. Published pre-clinical animal studies show extended circulation times (t1/2 of ca. 20 h in rodents), tumor accumulation, slow release of the CPT and anti-tumor efficacy that directly correlate to the properties of the nanoparticle. Release of CPT can disassemble the nanoparticle into individual polymer chains that have size ca. 10 nm that are capable of renal clearance (t1/2 of several minutes in rodents). Methods: Patients with relapsed or refractory cancer were evaluated every two cycles of therapy (90 minute IV infusions of IT- 101 in D5W on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28 day cycle). Three dose levels of 6, 12 and 18 mg CPT eq./m2 have been tested. Results: At the time of this interim analysis, eight patients have been enrolled and five evaluated. In general, IT-101 is well tolerated and pancytopenia is the DLT. The expected MTD is 12 mg/ m2.Three out of five patients demonstrated stable disease on CT scan evaluation. One pancreatic cancer patient remains stable for 6 months. PK data are available from the first 5 patients. Total and free CPT display biphasic elimination from plasma with mean terminal elimination half lives of 38±3.7 and 61±43 hours, respectively. The mean Vd and CLsys of total CPT are 6.1±1.4 L and 0.1±0.03 L/h and are unrelated to dose over the range tested, with a mean total-to-free AUC ratio of 10.7±3.7. Conclusions: These first in human PK data for IT-101 confirm that 40 nm particles with near neutral surface charge provide favorable PK properties. The stable disease rate, although not yet conclusive, is consistent with promising efficacy. The preliminary results of this phase I study warrant continued enrollment that is ongoing.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) pumps

19602

Background: More than half of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will develop hepatic metastases. Most patients with hepatic metastases will recur within two years after resection. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) pumps deliver regional treatment. However, very few studies quantitatively explore the patient's experience of living with an HAI pump and how this experience impacts HAI-related quality of life (QOL). This study explored the impact of HAI pump treatment on patient's overall QOL within the specific domains of physical, psychological, social, and functional well-being. Methods: Twenty-five colorectal cancer patients treated with HAI pumps completed an HAI pump- specific QOL assessment tool at one data collection time point. The QOL assessment tool items were derived from the investigator's previous QOL research with this patient population [Blair et al., 2002, Annals of Surgical Oncology]. Demographic, disease and QOL data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 25 patients accrued, 32% were receiving treatments through their HAI pump and 68% were not. There were no significant difference in QOL between treatment status, gender, and age (<65 or = 65). Currently treated pump patients experienced more appetite changes (p=0.03), sleep changes (p=0.08), and more restrictions in traveling (p=0.08). Male patients had more concerns with lifting heavy items (p=0.05), while female patients had more concerns with isolation (p=0.17) and changes in the type of clothing worn (p=0.16). Younger patients had more concerns with vigorous activity (p=0.01), bending (p=0.08), and were more self-conscious of their appearance with the pump (p=0.01). Conclusions: Overall, in this study, colorectal cancer patients with HAI pumps reported good QOL and were satisfied with their overall treatment experience. Although there was no comparative statistical analysis performed in this study, several QOL concerns remain worrisome for patients. Defining these specific QOL concerns in HAI patients will enhance clinical understanding of their unique experience with this treatment modality and impact patient management. This will enable further development of educational tools and research to test interventions to support HAI patients and sustain their QOL.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Phase I/II study of PHY906/capecitabine in hepatocellular carcinoma

15152

Traditional botanical formulations in combination with conventional antitumor chemotherapeutics may prove a powerful approach in reducing toxicity and improving clinical outcomes. In vivo studies show that PHY906, a traditional Chinese formulation, can reduce chemo-induced gastrointestinal toxicity while enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of a broad-spectrum of common anticancer agents in various cancer models, including capecitabine, CPT-11, thalidomide, adriamycin, and sorafenib in liver cancer; gemcitabine, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, gem/ox in pancreatic cancer; and CPT-11, 5-FU, sorafenib, VP-16, L-OddC, CPT-11/5-FU/LV, and oxaliplatin/5-FU/LV in colorectal cancer. Co- administration of PHY906 with a host of chemotherapeutic agents appears to neither alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of the chemotherapeutic agents nor their respective metabolites. PHY906 is currently being studied in a phase I/II, multicenter, open-label, dose-modification, safety and efficacy study in combination with capecitabine in patients with non-resectable HCC in the U.S. and Taiwan. Phase I patients (n=18) were enrolled at COH, Yale, VA and Stanford beginning November 2003. The primary objective of phase I was the determination of a safe dose regimen by varying the dose levels of PHY906 and/or capecitabine. Three dose levels of PHY906 + capecitabine were evaluated: PHY906 1000 mg BID + Capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 BID; PHY906 600 mg BID + Capecitabine 750 mg/m2 BID; and PHY906 800 mg BID + Capecitabine 750 mg/m2 BID. The final dosing level was chosen for the phase II portion of the study. Preliminary results suggest that the quality of life of patients on PHY906 + capecitabine was improved when compared to historical controls studying capecitabine alone. There is also no evidence of drug-induced toxicity caused by PHY906; nor does PHY906 reduce capecitabine antitumor activity. For patients receiving capecitabine at 750 mg/m2 BID and PHY906 at either 600 mg BID (N=4) or 800 mg BID (N=24), 10.7% (N=3) achieved minor response (MR), 50% (N=14) had stable disease (SD) and 39.3% (N=11) had progressive disease (PD). These findings support the further investigation of PHY906 as an adjuvant therapy of capecitabine in a larger HCC population.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Phase II trial of carboplatin and infusional cyclosporine with alpha-interferon in recurrent ovarian cancer: a California Cancer Consortium Trial

The purpose of this study was to estimate the response rate of 26-h continuous infusion cyclosporine A (CSA) combined with carboplatin (CBDCA) and subcutaneous alpha-interferon (IFN), in recurrent ovarian cancer (OC), and to measure their effects on CBDCA pharmacokinetics. OC patients relapsing following platinum-based chemotherapy received CBDCA area under the curve (AUC 3) with CSA and IFN, every 3 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of CSA and CBDCA were determined in a subset of patients. Thirty patients received 84 courses of therapy. Three partial responses were observed. Nine patients were stable for >4 months. Toxicity was similar to that observed in our previously reported phase I study and consisted of myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and headache. The mean end of infusion CSA level (high-performance liquid chromatographic assay [HPLC]) was 1109 +/- 291 microg/mL (mean +/- SD). CBDCA pharmacokinetics revealed a measured AUC of 3.61 versus a targeted AUC of 3, suggesting a possible effect of IFN on CBDCA levels versus errors in the estimation of CBDCA clearance using measured creatinine clearance. Steady-state levels of >1 microg/mL CSA (HPLC assay) are achievable in vivo. Insufficient clinical resistance reversal was observed in this study to warrant further investigation of this combination.

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors and future drug design

Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a multisubunit enzyme responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides, which are building blocks for DNA replication and repair. The key role of RR in DNA synthesis and cell growth control has made it an important target for anticancer therapy. Increased RR activity has been associated with malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. Efforts for new RR inhibitors have been made in basic and translational research. In recent years, several RR inhibitors, including Triapine, Gemcitabine, and GTI-2040, have entered clinical trial or application. Furthermore, the discovery of p53R2, a p53-inducible form of the small subunit of RR, raises the interest to develop subunit-specific RR inhibitors for cancer treatment. This review compiles recent studies on (1) the structure, function, and regulation of two forms of RR; (2) the role in tumorigenesis of RR and the effect of RR inhibition in cancer treatment; (3) the classification, mechanisms of action, antitumor activity, and clinical trial and application of new RR inhibitors that have been used in clinical cancer chemotherapy or are being evaluated in clinical trials; (4) novel approaches for future RR inhibitor discovery.

Phase II study of lapatinib, a dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase 1 and 2 (Her2/Neu) in patients (pts) with advanced biliary tree cancer (BTC) or hepatocellular cancer (HCC). A California Consortium (CCC-P) Trial

4010

Background: Advanced BTC (gallbladder, bile duct) and HCC respond poorly to systemic chemotherapy. Lapatinib is an oral inhibitor of EGFR and Her/2-neu with evidence of activity in a number of tumor types. Both BTC and HCC overexpress EGFR 1 and 2. In addition, Her2/neu somatic mutations have been reported in HCC, and may predict response to EGFR targeted agents (Bekaii-Saab et al, A 4037, ASCO 2005). This trial conducted by the CCC-P and Univ. Chicago, is designed to determine the efficacy of lapatinib in BTC and HCC pts. Methods: A two-stage design is utilized and pts are stratified by tumor type (BTC or HCC); the study has a 90% power to detect a true response rate ≥20%. Two initial groups of 17 patients for BTC and HCC were accrued; one response from each was required to proceed with accrual to a total of 37 patients in each group. Adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function is required. Eligible pts are in Child A group and have ECOG PS of 0–2. One prior treatment regimen is allowed. Lapatinib dose is 1,500 mg/d orally without interruption. One cycle is 28 days and radiological assessment is done every 8 weeks. Results: 49 pts have been accrued (BTC 19 and HCC 30). Pt Characteristics: Male 59%, ECOG PS 0 (18 pts), ECOG PS 1 (22 pts). Median age 66 yrs (range19–82). Median cycles 2 (range 1–12). Grade 3/4 toxicity was noted in 19 pts and included fatigue in 4 pts, elevation of liver enzymes in 4 pts and diarrhea in 2 pts. Nausea, vomiting, rash, anemia and thrombocytopenia were noted in 1 pt each. There was no evidence of cardiac dysfunction. In 17 evaulable pts with BTC, no responses were observed, 5 had stable disease (SD). Among the first 17 pts with HCC, 2 confirmed partial responses have been recorded. In addition 8 pts have SD. The progression free survival is 1.8 mo for both BTC and HCC. Tumor and blood specimens are being analyzed for expression of EGFR, HER-2/neu, status of downstream signal pathway molecules, and correlation to response. Conclusions: Lapatinib is well-tolerated. No activity in BTC was noted and that cohort is closed. Lapatinib activity in HCC is encouraging, and study is close to completion. Source of support: NCI-NO1-CM-57018–16.

[Table: see text]

Phase II study of hydroxyurea and gemcitabine in recurrent or persistent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck

15524

Background: Preclinical studies demonstrate increased activity when hydroxyurea (HU) is given prior to gemcitabine (G). Clinical feasibility was demonstrated in a phase I trial (Yen, et. al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2002 ). We performed a phase II trial treating patients (pts) with squamous cell head and neck cancers (SCCHN). Methods: Pts had metastatic or incurable locally recurrent SCCHN. Prior chemotherapy was allowed, but not required. Serum creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl, bilirubin <3.0 gm/dl, AST/ALT <5× ULN and KPS ≥60% were required. HU 500 mg orally every 6 hours for 4 doses was given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. On day 2, 6 hours after HU, G 750 mg/m2 was given over 30 minutes. This sequence was repeated on day 8 and 9. After 8 pts, G was given at 500 mg/m2. G-CSF was given on day 10 and until the WBC count was >10k/μl. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR), with an early stopping rule for <3 objective responders among the first 18 pts. Results: 22 pts (17 M) were accrued, 16 with prior chemotherapy and 19 with prior radiation. The first 8 pts received G 750 mg/m2. Two pts died of neutropenic fever (NF) during course 1. Subsequently 14 pts received G 500 mg/m2. 18 pts were evaluable for response, with 1 still in follow-up. Partial response was seen in 1 pt, stable disease in 9, and progressive disease in 8. The overall median survival of the 22 pts was 6 months and the median progression free survival (PFS) was 2 months. The primary toxicity was hematologic. Grade 4 neutropenia was seen in 7/22 pts during the 1st cycle (5 at G 750 mg/m2) with 5 cases of NF. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 1 pt at G 750 mg/m2. Conclusions: The RR and PFS of treated pts treated were not promising and further accrual is not planned. Analysis of biopsy materials is planned to see if responsive pts can be selected. (Supported by NCI Grant CA33572).

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Search for the Higgs boson in H --> WW(*) decays in pp collisions at square root of 1.96 TeV

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson in H --> WW(*) decays with e+e-, e+/-mu-/+, and mu+mu- final states in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of square root of s = 1.96 TeV. The data, collected from April 2002 to June 2004 with the D0 detector, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 300-325 pb(-1), depending on the final state. The number of events observed is consistent with the expectation from backgrounds. Limits from the combination of all three channels on the Higgs boson production cross section times branching ratio sigma x BR(H --> WW(*) are presented.

Measurement of the lifetime difference in the B0(s) system

We present a study of the decay B0(s) --> J/psiphi. We obtain the CP-odd fraction in the final state at time zero, Rperpendicular = 0.16 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.02 (syst), the average lifetime of the (B0(s), B0(s)) system, tau(B0(s)) = 1.39(+0.13)(-0.16)(stat)(+0.01)(-0.02)(syst) ps, and the relative width difference between the heavy and light mass eigenstates, DeltaGamma/Gamma tripple bond (GammaL - GammaH)/Gamma = 0.24(+0.28)(-0.38)(stat)(+0.03)(-0.04)(syst). With the additional constraint from the world average of the lifetime measurements using semileptonic decays, we find tau(B0(s)) = 1.39 +/- 0.06 ps and DeltaGamma/Gamma = 0.25(+0.14)(-0.15). For the ratio of the B0(s) and B0 lifetimes we obtain tau(B0(s))/tau(B0) = 0.91 +/- 0.09(stat) +/- 0.003(syst).

Measurement of semileptonic branching fractions of B mesons to narrow D** states

Using the data accumulated in 2002-2004 with the D0 detector in proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, the branching fractions of the decays B --> D0(1)(2420)mu+ vmuX and B --> D2(*0)(2460)mu+ vmuX and their ratio have been measured: B(b --> B) x B(B --> D0(1)mu+ vmuX) x B(D0(*0) --> D*- pi+) = [0.087 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.014(syst)]%; B(b --> B) x B(B --> D2(*0) mu+ vmuX) x B(D2(*0) --> D*- pi+) = [0.035 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.008(syst)]% and [B(B --> D2(*0)mu+ vmuX) x B(D2(*0) --> D*- pi+)]/[B(B --> D0(1)mu+ vmuX) x B(D0(1) --> D*- pi+)] = 0.39 +/- 0.09(stat) +/- 0.12 (syst), where the charge conjugated states are always implied.

Search for large extra spatial dimensions in dimuon production with the d0 detector

We present the results of a search for the effects of large extra spatial dimensions in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV in events containing a pair of energetic muons. The data correspond to 246 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Good agreement with the expected background was found, yielding no evidence for large extra dimensions. We set 95% C.L. lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 0.85 and 1.27 TeV within several formalisms. These are the most stringent limits achieved in the dimuon channel to date.

Search for supersymmetry via associated production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three leptons

A search for associated production of charginos and neutralinos is performed using data recorded with the D0 detector at a pp center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. This analysis considers final states with missing transverse energy and three charged leptons, of which at least two are electrons or muons. No evidence for supersymmetry is found in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 320 pb-1. Limits on the product of the production cross section and leptonic branching fraction are set. For the minimal supergravity model, a chargino lower mass limit of 117 GeV at the 95% C.L. is derived in regions of parameter space with enhanced leptonic branching fractions.

Search for neutral supersymmetric Higgs Bosons in multijet events at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV

We have performed a search for neutral Higgs bosons produced in association with bottom quarks in pp collisions, using 260 pb-1 of data collected with the D0 detector in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The cross sections for these processes are enhanced in many extensions of the standard model (SM), such as in its minimal supersymmetric extension at large tanbeta. The results of our analysis agree with expectations from the SM, and we use our measurements to set upper limits on the production of neutral Higgs bosons in the mass range of 90 to 150 GeV.

Production of WZ events in pp collisions at square root(s) = 1.96 TeV and limits on anomalous WWZ couplings

We present results from a search for WZ production with subsequent decay to l nu l' l' (l and l' = e or mu) using 0.30 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment between 2002 and 2004 at the Fermilab Tevatron. Three events with WZ decay characteristics are observed. With an estimated background of 0.71 +/- 0.08 events, we measure the WZ production cross section to be 4.5(-2.6)(+3.8) pb, with a 95% C.L. upper limit of 13.3 pb. The 95% C.L. limits for anomalous WWZ couplings are found to be -2.0 < delta kappaZ < 2.4 for form factor scale lambda = 1 TeV, and -0.48 < lambdaZ < 0.48 and -0.49 < delta g(1)(Z) < 0.66 for lambda = 1.5 TeV.

Search for Randall-Sundrum gravitons in dilepton and diphoton final states

We report the first direct search for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of Randall-Sundrum gravitons using dielectron, dimuon, and diphoton events observed with the D0 detector operating at the Fermilab Tevatron pp(-) Collider at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. No evidence for resonant production of gravitons has been found in the data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately equal to 260 pb(-1). Lower limits on the mass of the first KK mode at the 95% C.L. have been set between 250 and 785 GeV, depending on its coupling to standard model particles.