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Zhao Z, Lee YH, Feng X, Escuti MJ, Lu L, Silverstein B. Theoretical efficiency limit of diffractive input couplers in augmented reality waveguides. Opt Express 2024; 32:12340-12357. [PMID: 38571059 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been devoted to augmented reality (AR) displays to enable the immersive user experience in the wearable glasses form factor. Transparent waveguide combiners offer a compact solution to guide light from the microdisplay to the front of eyes while maintaining the see-through optical path to view the real world simultaneously. To deliver a realistic virtual image with low power consumption, the waveguide combiners need to have high efficiency and good image quality. One important limiting factor for the efficiency of diffractive waveguide combiners is the out-coupling problem in the input couplers, where the guided light interacts with the input gratings again and get partially out-coupled. In this study, we introduce a theoretical model to deterministically find the upper bound of the input efficiency of a uniform input grating, constrained only by Lorentz reciprocity and energy conservation. Our model considers the polarization management at the input coupler and can work for arbitrary input polarization state ensemble. Our model also provides the corresponding characteristics of the input coupler, such as the grating diffraction efficiencies and the Jones matrix of the polarization management components, to achieve the optimal input efficiency. Equipped with this theoretical model, we investigate how the upper bound of input efficiency varies with geometric parameters including the waveguide thickness, the projector pupil size, and the projector pupil relief distance. Our study shines light on the fundamental efficiency limit of input couplers in diffractive waveguide combiners and highlights the benefits of polarization control in improving the input efficiency.
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Park SY, Seo D, Jeon EH, Park JY, Jang BC, Kim JI, Im SS, Lee JH, Kim S, Cho CH, Lee YH. RPL27 contributes to colorectal cancer proliferation and stemness via PLK1 signaling. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:93. [PMID: 37387446 PMCID: PMC10552708 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although expression of ribosomal protein L27 (RPL27) is upregulated in clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, to the best of our knowledge, the oncogenic role of RPL27 has not yet been defined. The present study aimed to investigate whether targeting RPL27 could alter CRC progression and determine whether RPL27 gains an extra‑ribosomal function during CRC development. Human CRC cell lines HCT116 and HT29 were transfected with RPL27‑specific small interfering RNA and proliferation was assessed in vitro and in vivo using proliferation assays, fluorescence‑activated cell sorting (FACS) and a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis and western blotting were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for RPL27 silencing‑induced CRC phenotypical changes. Inhibiting RPL27 expression suppressed CRC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and induced apoptotic cell death. Targeting RPL27 significantly inhibited growth of human CRC xenografts in nude mice. Notably, polo‑like kinase 1 (PLK1), which serves an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression and stemness, was downregulated in both HCT116 and HT29 cells following RPL27 silencing. RPL27 silencing reduced the levels of PLK1 protein and G2/M‑associated regulators such as phosphorylated cell division cycle 25C, CDK1 and cyclin B1. Silencing of RPL27 reduced the migration and invasion abilities and sphere‑forming capacity of the parental CRC cell population. In terms of phenotypical changes in cancer stem cells (CSCs), RPL27 silencing suppressed the sphere‑forming capacity of the isolated CD133+ CSC population, which was accompanied by decreased CD133 and PLK1 levels. Taken together, these findings indicated that RPL27 contributed to the promotion of CRC proliferation and stemness via PLK1 signaling and RPL27 may be a useful target in a next‑generation therapeutic strategy for both primary CRC treatment and metastasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Psomagen Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eun-Hye Jeon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Endesfelder D, Oestreicher U, Bucher M, Beinke C, Siebenwirth C, Ainsbury E, Moquet J, Gruel G, Gregoire E, Martinez JS, Vral A, Baeyens A, Valente M, Montoro A, Terzoudi G, Triantopoulou S, Pantelias A, Gil OM, Prieto MJ, Domene MM, Zafiropoulos D, Barquinero JF, Pujol-Canadell M, Lumniczky K, Hargitai R, Kis E, Testa A, Patrono C, Sommer S, Hristova R, Kostova N, Atanasova M, Sevriukova O, Domínguez I, Pastor N, Güçlü I, Pajic J, Sabatier L, Brochard P, Tichy A, Milanova M, Finot F, Petrenci CC, Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA, Seong KM, Lee Y, Lee YH, Balajee AS, Maznyk N, Sypko T, Pham ND, Tran TM, Miura T, Suto Y, Akiyamam M, Tsuyama N, Abe Y, Goh VST, Chua CEL, Abend M, Port M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Dicentric Chromosome Assay. Radiat Res 2023:492028. [PMID: 37018160 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
After large-scale radiation accidents where many individuals are suspected to be exposed to ionizing radiation, biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays are important tools to aid clinical decision making by categorizing individuals into unexposed/minimally, moderately or highly exposed groups. Quality-controlled inter-laboratory comparisons of simulated accident scenarios are regularly performed in the frame of the European legal association RENEB (Running the European Network of Biological and Physical retrospective Dosimetry) to optimize international networking and emergency readiness in case of large-scale radiation events. In total 33 laboratories from 22 countries around the world participated in the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 for the dicentric chromosome assay. Blood was irradiated in vitro with X rays (240 kVp, 13 mA, ∼75 keV, 1 Gy/min) to simulate an acute, homogeneous whole-body exposure. Three blood samples (no. 1: 0 Gy, no. 2: 1.2 Gy, no. 3: 3.5 Gy) were sent to each participant and the task was to culture samples, to prepare slides and to assess radiation doses based on the observed dicentric yields from 50 manually or 150 semi-automatically scored metaphases (triage mode scoring). Approximately two-thirds of the participants applied calibration curves from irradiations with γ rays and about 1/3 from irradiations with X rays with varying energies. The categorization of the samples in clinically relevant groups corresponding to individuals that were unexposed/minimally (0-1 Gy), moderately (1-2 Gy) or highly exposed (>2 Gy) was successfully performed by all participants for sample no. 1 and no. 3 and by ≥74% for sample no. 2. However, while most participants estimated a dose of exactly 0 Gy for the sham-irradiated sample, the precise dose estimates of the samples irradiated with doses >0 Gy were systematically higher than the corresponding reference doses and showed a median deviation of 0.5 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.95 Gy (sample no. 3) for manual scoring. By converting doses estimated based on γ-ray calibration curves to X-ray doses of a comparable mean photon energy as used in this exercise, the median deviation decreased to 0.27 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.6 Gy (sample no. 3). The main aim of biological dosimetry in the case of a large-scale event is the categorization of individuals into clinically relevant groups, to aid clinical decision making. This task was successfully performed by all participants for the 0 Gy and 3.5 Gy samples and by 74% (manual scoring) and 80% (semi-automatic scoring) for the 1.2 Gy sample. Due to the accuracy of the dicentric chromosome assay and the high number of participating laboratories, a systematic shift of the dose estimates could be revealed. Differences in radiation quality (X ray vs. γ ray) between the test samples and the applied dose effect curves can partly explain the systematic shift. There might be several additional reasons for the observed bias (e.g., donor effects, transport, experimental conditions or the irradiation setup) and the analysis of these reasons provides great opportunities for future research. The participation of laboratories from countries around the world gave the opportunity to compare the results on an international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endesfelder
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Bucher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - C Siebenwirth
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - E Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - J Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - G Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - E Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - J S Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - A Baeyens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Valente
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Radiation Biological, Effects Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Montoro
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica Servicio de Protección Radiológica Hospital Universitario Politécnico la Fe, Spain
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - S Triantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - A Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - O Monteiro Gil
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Prieto
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Domene
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Zafiropoulos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - K Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Testa
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - C Patrono
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Kostova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Atanasova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - O Sevriukova
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | - I Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Pastor
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Güçlü
- Nükleer Arş Ens. Yarımburgaz mah. Nükleer Arş yolu, Turkey
| | - J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Sabatier
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - P Brochard
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - F Finot
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | | | - R C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K M Seong
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory; Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - N Maznyk
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Sypko
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - N D Pham
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T M Tran
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T Miura
- cc Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Suto
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Akiyamam
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Tsuyama
- ee Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - V S T Goh
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - C E L Chua
- gg Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Park KU, Hwang I, Ryoo HM, Lee YH, Park SY. Abstract 2439: RPL27 augments growth and stemness properties in colorectal cancer through PLK1 signaling. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In 2020, colorectal cancer (CRC) had the second highest mortality rate worldwide and was the third most common cancer type among various carcinomas, accounting for 10.0% and 9.4% of all carcinomas, respectively. Although the expression of ribosomal protein L27 (RPL27) is upregulated during CRC development, oncogenic roles of RPL27 have not yet been elucidated. We aimed in this study to investigate the effect of RPL27 targeting on CRC growth and whether RPL27 gained an extra-ribosomal function during CRC development.
Methods: Human CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were transfected with RPL27-specific siRNA and tested for growth inhibition and apoptotic induction using MTS, FACS and Western blotting. To obtain insights into the molecular changes in response to RPL27 knockdown, global changes in gene expression were examined using RNA sequencing.
Results: We observed that inhibition of RPL27 expression suppresses CRC cell growth and long-term colony formation through an induction of apoptotic cell death. Targeting RPL27 also significantly inhibited the growth of human CRC xenografts in nude mice. Noticeably, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is known to play an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression and stemness, was commonly down-regulated in both HCT116 and HT29 cells with RPL27 depletion. Western blot analysis confirmed that RPL27 silencing reduces the levels of PLK1 protein and G2/M-associated regulators, such as p-CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B1. Reflecting these molecular responses, knockdown of RPL27 reduced the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells. In terms of CSC phenotypic changes, RPL27 knockdown suppressed sphere forming capacity of isolated CD133+ CSC population accompanying with the reduction in CD133 and PLK1 levels.
Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that RPL27 contributes to promotion of CRC growth and stemness through PLK1 signaling and that targeting RPL27 could be a next-line therapeutic strategy for both primary CRC treatment and prevention of metastasis and/or recurrence.
Citation Format: Keon Uk Park, Ilseon Hwang, Hun Mo Ryoo, Yun-Han Lee, So-Young Park. RPL27 augments growth and stemness properties in colorectal cancer through PLK1 signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2439.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hun Mo Ryoo
- 2Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- 1Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Lee YH, Kim SM, Kim EK, Park SJ, Lee SC, Park SW, Jeong DS, Chang SA. Pattern of pericardial calcification determines the mid-term postoperative outcome after pericardiectomy in chronic constrictive pericarditis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Although pericardiectomy is an effective treatment of constrictive pericarditis (CP), clinical outcome is not always successful. Pericardial calcification is a unique finding in CP. However, the amount and localization of calcification vary. Computer tomography (CT) can visualize the pericardial calcification with high sensitivity and provide the anatomical assessment.
Purpose
We investigated that how the pattern and amount of pericardial calcification affect the mid-term postoperative outcome after pericardiectomy in CP.
Methods
All of the patients who underwent total pericardiectomy in our hospital from 2010 to 2020 were derived from electrical medical records (n=105). Among them, preoperative CT scans (non-gated non-contrast) of 98 patients were available and, thus, 98 consecutive patients were finally analyzed. Medical records were reviewed in a retrospective manner. Cardiovascular event is defined as cardiovascular death or hospitalization associated with a heart failure symptom and all cause event is defined as all events that require admission. CT scan was analyzed by Aquarius Workstation, and the volume and localization pattern of pericalcification were derived. Pericardium calcium score was given as an Agatston score.
Results
Of 98 patients, 25 (25.5%) patients were hospitalized with heart failure symptom after pericardiectomy. Median follow up duration of patients is 172 weeks. A group with cardiovascular event had higher NYHA grade (P<0.001), lower calcium volume (P=0.004), and lower calcium score (P=0.01). Multivariate cox proportional analysis showed that high ln(calcium score) before pericardiectomy was dependent predictor of cardiovascular event (hazard ratio, 0.90; P=0.04) and all cause event (hazard ratio, 0.91, P=0.04) after pericardiectomy. When we set the cut off value at 7.22, based on ROC curve, there was a significant difference in cardiovascular event between the groups divided by this cutoff value in Kaplan-Meier curve (P=0.002) and multivariate cox proportional analysis (P=0.04). In the subgroup analysis, myocardium invasion and circumferential calcification were more common in the high calcium score group. Idiopathic & tuberculosis pericarditis were more associated with high calcium score group and post-operative pericarditis, other reasons (infection, radiation, etc) were more associated with low calcium group.
Conclusion
Low burden of pericardial calcification was associated high rate of mid-term clinical event after pericardiectomy CP. Preoperative evaluation of pericardial calcification pattern can be used as predictor of postoperative outcomes.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S C Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - D S Jeong
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S A Chang
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Lee YH, Choe YJ, Kim G, Min HS. Age-period-cohort analysis of TB mortality in South Korea, 1983-2017. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:577-579. [PMID: 35650690 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Korea University Anam Hospital and Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Choe
- Korea University Anam Hospital and Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Min
- National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Zaidi A, McEldowney S, Lee YH, Chao Q, Lu L. Towards compact and snapshot channeled Mueller matrix imaging. Opt Lett 2022; 47:722-725. [PMID: 35103717 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A polarization transformation can be fully described by a 4 × 4 matrix, known as the Mueller matrix. To fully image an object's polarization response, one needs to compute the Mueller matrix at each pixel of the image. Standard divison-of-time Mueller matrix imaging, because of its sequential nature, is ill-suited to applications requiring immediate and real-time imaging and is also bulky owing to multiple moving parts. In this work, we propose a new method for compact, snapshot Mueller matrix imaging, based on structured polarization illumination, and division-of-focal plane imaging, which can, in a single-shot, fully capture the Mueller matrix information of a band-limited signal.
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Ko MJ, Seo YR, Seo D, Park SY, Seo JH, Jeon EH, Kim SW, Park KU, Koo DB, Kim S, Bae JH, Song DK, Cho CH, Kim KS, Lee YH. RPL17 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Stemness through ERK and NEK2/β-catenin Signaling Pathways. J Cancer 2022; 13:2570-2583. [PMID: 35711835 PMCID: PMC9174872 DOI: 10.7150/jca.69428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17), a 60S subunit component, is up-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its oncogenic role in CRC progression remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of RPL17 targeting on CRC in vitro and in vivo and whether RPL17 gained an extra-ribosomal function during CRC development. Methods: RPL17-specific siRNAs complexed with cationic lipids were transfected to CRC cells to silence target gene expression and then real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were applied to observe the change of expression or activity of genes or proteins of interest. Cell proliferation assay, clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis were used to determine the in vitro effects of RPL17siRNAs on CRC cell growth, and a subcutaneous xenograft assay was applied to test the effect of RPL17siRNAs on in vivo tumor growth. RNA sequencing and western blotting were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Sphere-forming assay, invasion assay and migration assay were used to evaluate the effects of RPL17siRNAs on CRC stemness. Results: siRNA-mediated inhibition of RPL17 expression suppressed CRC cell growth and long-term colony formation by inducing apoptotic cell death. Similarly, targeting RPL17 effectively suppressed tumor formation in a mouse xenograft model. RNA sequencing of RPL17-silenced CRC cells revealed the same directional regulation of 159 (93 down- and 66 up-regulated) genes. Notably, NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), which functionally cooperates with extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and plays a pivotal role in mitotic progression and stemness maintenance, was down-regulated. RPL17 silencing reduced NEK2, β-catenin, and p-ERK protein levels. These molecular alterations reflected the reduction in sphere-forming capacity, expression of stem cell marker genes, migration, and invasion. Reversely, RPL17 overexpression increased the ability of long-term colony formation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that RPL17 promotes CRC proliferation and stemness via the ERK and NEK2/β-catenin signaling axis, and targeting RPL17 could be the next molecular strategy for both primary CRC treatment and prevention of secondary tumor formation.
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Park YM, Noh EM, Lee HY, Shin DY, Lee YH, Kang YG, Na EJ, Kim JH, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim KS, Bae JS, Lee YR. Anti-diabetic effects of Protaetia brevitarsis in pancreatic islets and a murine diabetic model. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:7508-7515. [PMID: 34919253 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the antidiabetic efficacy of Protaetia brevitarsis in alloxan-treated pancreatic islets and db/db mice was investigated. P. brevitarsis was tested for alloxan-mediated cytotoxicity and nitric oxide production in mice pancreatic islets. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-diabetic effect of P. brevitarsis was also evaluated in db/db mice after 4 weeks of administration. Biochemical analysis, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and pancreatic histological analysis were performed. RESULTS P. brevitarsis displayed hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-treated mice pancreatic islets. Our results showed that P. brevitarsis protects pancreatic islets from cytotoxicity. Moreover, daily oral supplementation with P. brevitarsis for 4 weeks reduced plasma glucose levels without affecting body weight and food intake, elevated glucose tolerance in OGTT, improved blood lipid parameters, inhibited fat accumulation, and restored islet structure of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided evidence for the anti‑diabetic effect of P. brevitarsis in alloxan-treated pancreatic islets and db/db mice. These results suggest that P. brevitarsis may be used as an adjunctive anti-diabetic agent or as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Park
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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10
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Chiou WR, Su MI, Lee YH, Lin PL, Liu CW. Low-dose rivaroxaban associated with lower incidence of all-cause mortality and bleeding complications in older patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low-dose rivaroxaban 10mg daily was used in the J-ROCKET AF trial, and it demonstrated the safety in Asian population. It remains unclear whether low-dose rivaroxaban vs. standard dose 20mg daily is associated with efficacy, safety, and net-clinical outcomes in older Asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of low-dose rivaroxaban on efficacies and safeties in the old patients age more than 85 years.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled the patients from medical records between Oct 2012 and Nov 2016. We used 2x2 factorial design by age of 85 years and use of low-dose rivaroxaban. The study outcomes were one-year all-cause mortality and bleeding complications.
Results
The study cohort consisted of 2,386 patients with the mean age 76.6 years (SD 10.5), 51.8% male, CHA2DS2Vsc 4.4 (SD 1.7) and HASBLED 1.6 (SD 1.0). In the age ≥85 group (n=593), low vs. standard dose rivaroxaban had a lower incidence of all-cause mortality (5.3% vs. 10.6%, P=0.021), whereas the incidence of all-cause mortality was greater in the low dose rivaroxaban compared with the standard dose in the age <85 group (3.7% vs. 1.8%, P=0.012). No significant differences of bleeding complication rates were found between the low- and standard-dose rivaroxaban regarding age <85 or ≥85 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, low dose rivaroxaban was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in the age ≥85 group (adjusted HR: 0.400 95% CI: 0.215–0.743, P=0.004), but the significant association was not found in the age <85 group (adjusted HR: 1.101 95% CI: 0.557–2.174, P=0.782).
Conclusion
Low dose rivaroxaban was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in the patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and age ≥85 years.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chiou
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - M I Su
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lee
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P L Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - C W Liu
- Tri-service General Hospital, Songshan branch, Division of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mackens S, Santos-Ribeiro S, Racca A, Daneels D, Koch A, Essahib W, Verpoest W, Bourgain C, Van Riet I, Tournaye H, Brosens JJ, Lee YH, Blockeel C, Van de Velde H. The proliferative phase endometrium in IVF/ICSI: an in-cycle molecular analysis predictive of the outcome following fresh embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:130-144. [PMID: 31916571 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does an early proliferative phase endometrial biopsy harvested during ovarian stimulation harbour information predictive of the outcome following fresh embryo transfer (ET) in that same cycle? SUMMARY ANSWER Transcriptome analysis of the whole-tissue endometrium did not reveal significant differential gene expression (DGE) in relation to the outcome; however, the secretome profile of isolated, cultured and in vitro decidualized endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) varied significantly between patients who had a live birth compared to those with an implantation failure following fresh ET in the same cycle as the biopsy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In the majority of endometrial receptivity research protocols, biopsies are harvested during the window of implantation (WOI). This, however, precludes ET in that same cycle, which is preferable as the endometrium has been shown to adapt over time. Endometrial biopsies taken during ovarian stimulation have been reported not to harm the chances of implantation, and in such biopsies DGE has been observed between women who achieve pregnancy versus those who do not. The impact of the endometrial proliferative phase on human embryo implantation remains unclear, but deserves further attention, especially since in luteal phase endometrial biopsies, a transcriptional signature predictive for repeated implantation failure has been associated with reduced cell proliferation, possibly indicating proliferative phase involvement. Isolation, culture and in vitro decidualization (IVD) of EnSCs is a frequently applied basic research technique to assess endometrial functioning, and a disordered EnSC secretome has previously been linked with failed implantation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was nested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effect of endometrial scratching during the early follicular phase of ovarian stimulation on clinical pregnancy rates after IVF/ICSI. Of the 96 endometrial biopsies available, after eliminating those without fresh ET and after extensive matching in order to minimize the risk of potential confounding, 18 samples were retained to study two clinical groups: nine biopsies of patients with a live birth versus nine biopsies of patients with an implantation failure, both following fresh ET performed in the same cycle as the biopsy. We studied the proliferative endometrium by analysing its transcriptome and by isolating, culturing and decidualizing EnSCs in vitro. We applied this latter technique for the first time on proliferative endometrial biopsies obtained during ovarian stimulation for in-cycle outcome prediction, in an attempt to overcome inter-cycle variability. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RNA-sequencing was performed for 18 individual whole-tissue endometrial biopsies on an Illumina HiSeq1500 machine. DGE was analysed three times using different approaches (DESeq2, EdgeR and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, all in R). EnSC isolation and IVD was performed (for 2 and 4 days) for a subset of nine samples, after which media from undifferentiated and decidualized cultures were harvested, stored at -80°C and later assayed for 45 cytokines using a multiplex suspension bead immunoassay. The analysis was performed by partial least squares regression modelling. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After correction for multiple hypothesis testing, DGE analysis revealed no significant differences between endometrial samples from patients who had a live birth and those with an implantation failure following fresh ET. However secretome analysis after EnSC isolation and culture, showed two distinct clusters that clearly corresponded to the two clinical groups. Upon IVD, the secretome profiles shifted from that of undifferentiated cells but the difference between the two clinical groups remained yet were muted, suggesting convergence of cytokine profiles after decidualization. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Caution is warranted due to the limited sample size of the study and the in vitro nature of the EnSC experiment. Validation on a larger scale is necessary, however, hard to fulfil given the very limited availability of in-cycle proliferative endometrial biopsies outside a RCT setting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data support the hypothesis that the endometrium should be assessed not only during the WOI and that certain endometrial dysfunctionalities can probably be detected early in a cycle by making use of the proliferative phase. This insight opens new horizons for the development of endometrial tests, whether diagnostic or predictive of IVF/ICSI treatment outcome. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, Flanders, Belgium, 11M9415N, 1 524 417N), Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts (WFWG G160, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium) and the National Medicine Research Council (NMRC/CG/M003/2017, Singapore). There are no conflicts of interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02061228.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mackens
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Research group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Santos-Ribeiro
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,IVI-RMA Lisboa, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique 333 H 1-9, 1800-282 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Racca
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Daneels
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Koch
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W Essahib
- Research group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Verpoest
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Research group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bourgain
- Research group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Imelda Ziekenhuis Bonheiden, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - I Van Riet
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Y H Lee
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Obstetrics & Gynaecology-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Van de Velde
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Research group Reproduction and Immunology (REIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Park SY, Seo YR, Ko MJ, Lee JH, Chun KS, Kim MJ, Choo YK, Lee TJ, Lee YH. Targeting CALM2 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis by Suppressing E2F5-mediated Cell Cycle Progression. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:1315-1325. [PMID: 33788723 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to reveal the novel roles of calmodulin 2 (CALM2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of knockdown of CALM2 expression by siRNA were investigated using various experimental approaches in both cellular and molecular levels. RESULTS Silencing of CALM2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and colony formation through induction of apoptosis. At the molecular level, CALM2-specific knockdown led to the common dysregulation of 154 genes in HCC cells. Notably, E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5), which is functionally associated with migration, invasion and proliferation, was generally down-regulated. These functional associations were confirmed in HCC clinical samples. Reflecting the molecular changes, CALM2 knockdown reduced the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells and abrogated the potency of tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSION Targeting CALM2 may be a molecular strategy for both primary HCC treatment and prevention of metastasis or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Ahn D, Lee GJ, Choi YS, Park JW, Kim JK, Kim EJ, Lee YH. Timing and clinical outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e27-e28. [PMID: 33640938 PMCID: PMC7799185 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective multicentre cohort study that included 27 COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy, the mean time between intubation and tracheostomy was 15.8 days and the negative conversion time of COVID-19 was 43.1 days. Eleven patients (40.7%) died of COVID-19 and the use of percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy was significantly associated with in-hospital death. Timely tracheostomy could be performed in COVID-19 patients, regardless of duration of intubation or positivity of COVID-19 test, with an open surgical tracheostomy as a preferable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - G J Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y S Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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14
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Feng X, Lu L, Lee YH, Bos PJ. Compensator design for polarization state management in waveguide displays based on polarization volume gratings. Opt Express 2021; 29:8809-8815. [PMID: 33820322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we focus on the polarization state management in optical devices using optical elements based on circular polarization. As an example, we point out the issue in a waveguide display using circular polarization optical elements as input/output couplers, where the polarization state of the light can change as it propagates in the waveguide due to total internal reflection (TIR). This has a negative effect on the waveguide output coupler efficiency, image uniformity, and the polarization multiplexing capability. To address this problem, we discussed two different methods to compensate the polarization state change. With the compensator applied to correct the polarization state change in the waveguide, the optical elements based on circular polarization can be used with their advantages as input/output couplers for waveguide displays.
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15
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Jeon T, Ko MJ, Seo YR, Jung SJ, Seo D, Park SY, Park KU, Kim KS, Kim M, Seo JH, Park IC, Kim MJ, Bae JH, Song DK, Cho CH, Lee JH, Lee YH. Silencing CDCA8 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Stemness via Restoration of ATF3 Tumor Suppressor and Inactivation of AKT/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051055. [PMID: 33801424 PMCID: PMC7958635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the overexpression of CDCA8 is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, the functions of CDCA8 during HCC development remain to be clarified. The aim of our study was to investigate if targeting CDCA8 could affect liver tumor phenotypes in vitro and in vivo and to identify underlying molecular mechanisms to exert its therapeutic effect. We found that silencing of CDCA8 by siRNA inhibits the growth of parental cancer cell culture and mice tumors and suppresses stemness of CD133+ cancer stem cell population through the common responses of the upregulation of the tumor suppressive ATF3/GADD34 functional pathway and inactivation of the Akt/β–catenin signaling axis. These findings suggest CDCA8 as a novel therapeutic target for both primary HCC treatment and the prevention of metastasis or recurrence providing mode of action performed by a CDCA8 inhibitor. Abstract Big data analysis has revealed the upregulation of cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its poorer survival outcome. However, the functions of CDCA8 during HCC development remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that CDCA8 silencing inhibits HCC cell growth and long-term colony formation and migration through the accumulation of the G2/M phase cell population. Conversely, CDCA8 overexpression increases the ability to undergo long-term colony formation and migration. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis revealed that CDCA8 knockdown led to the same directional regulation in 50 genes (25 down- and 25 upregulated). It was affirmed based on protein levels that CDCA8 silencing downregulates the levels of cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 and explains how it could induce G2/M arrest. The same condition increased the protein levels of tumor-suppressive ATF3 and GADD34 and inactivated AKT/β–catenin signaling, which plays an important role in cell growth and stemness, reflecting a reduction in sphere-forming capacity. Importantly, it was demonstrated that the extent of CDCA8 expression is much greater in CD133+ cancer stem cells than in CD133− cancer cells, and that CDCA8 knockdown decreases levels of CD133, p-Akt and β-catenin and increases levels of ATF3 and GADD34 in the CD133+ cancer stem cell (CSC) population. These molecular changes led to the inhibition of cell growth and sphere formation in the CD133+ cell population. Targeting CDCA8 also effectively suppressed tumor growth in a murine xenograft model, showing consistent molecular alterations in tumors injected with CDCA8siRNA. Taken together, these findings indicate that silencing CDCA8 suppresses HCC growth and stemness via restoring the ATF3 tumor suppressor and inactivating oncogenic AKT/β–catenin signaling, and that targeting CDCA8 may be the next molecular strategy for both primary HCC treatment and the prevention of metastasis or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Jeon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Min Ji Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Yu-Ri Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Soo-Jung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Psomagen Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Keon Uk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (K.S.K.); (I.-C.P.)
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (K.S.K.); (I.-C.P.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.-H.B.); (D.-K.S.)
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.-H.B.); (D.-K.S.)
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.-R.S.); (S.-Y.P.); (M.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
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Lee YH. Therapeutic targeting of alternative splicing to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 11:3929-3931. [DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jung SJ, Seo YR, Park WJ, Heo YR, Lee YH, Kim S, Lee JH. Clinicopathological Characteristics of TZAP Expression in Colorectal Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12933-12942. [PMID: 33364783 PMCID: PMC7751716 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s274394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The zinc finger protein, ZBTB48, is a telomere-associated protein. It was renamed as telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP) binding to elongated telomeres. However, its expression level was not measured in cancers. Patients and Methods We analyzed TZAP mRNA levels in 60 colorectal cancers (CRC) and its correlation with telomere length and TERT was studied. Results TZAP mRNA in CRC was higher statistically than that in paired non-cancerous tissues (p = 0.033). Higher TZAP was found in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-positive CRCs (>5 ng/mL) (p = 0.012). Shorter telomere was found in CRCs with high TZAP expression than that with low TZAP expression (p = 0.010). According to quantitative correlation analysis, TZAP has a correlation with age (r = −0.349, p = 0.007), TERT (r = 0.279, p = 0.041) and telomere length (r = −0.305, p = 0.021). TZAP expression did not harbor prognostic value in CRC. Inhibition of TZAP expression by siRNA suppresses cell growth in HT29 cells; however, it resulted in increased cell viability in HCT116 cells. TZAP inhibition induces a decrease in mRNA levels of TERT in both HT29 and HCT116 cells. TCGA data analysis showed higher expression of TZAP showed poorer overall survival in colon cancer (p = 0.001); however, it did not have a significance in rectal cancer (p = 0.951). Conclusion We suggested that TZAP may be a possible biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Heo
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Lee YH, Song GG. Anifrolumab for the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Z Rheumatol 2020; 80:988-994. [PMID: 33216191 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab 300 mg in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) despite receiving standard therapy, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and manual searches. Meta-analysis performed to determine treatment efficacy and safety outcomes of three RCTs (459 patients and 468 controls) revealed that the BICLA responses were significantly higher in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (OR = 2.071, 95%CI 1.575-2.725, p < 0.001). Steroid reduction and CLASI reduction were also significantly higher in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (OR = 1.811, 95%CI = 1.308-2.506, p < 0.001; OR = 2.245, 95%CI = 1.437-3.506, p < 0.001). Compared with placebo, anifrolumab significantly increased the SRI7 and SRI8 responses in SLE patients (OR = 1.866, 95%CI = 1.372-2.536, p < 0.001; OR = 1.925, 95%CI = 1.387-2.672, p < 0.001). The SRI4, 5, and 6 responses also tended to be higher in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group. Adverse event incidence was significantly higher in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (OR = 1.815, 95%CI = 1.262-2.611, p = 0.001); serious adverse events were significantly lower in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (OR = 0.679, 95%CI = 0.468-0.986, p = 0.042). Herpes zoster infection was significantly higher in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group (OR = 4.089, 95%CI = 1.750-9.522, p = 0.001). Anifrolumab is effective for treating active SLE. However, anifrolumab increased the incidence of herpes zoster infection compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
| | - G G Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Sung YK, Lee YH. Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib versus methotrexate for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Z Rheumatol 2020; 80:889-898. [PMID: 32970188 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An assessment of the relative efficacy and tolerability of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib compared to those of methotrexate (MTX) was performed in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) so as to examine the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib, and MTX in DMARD-naïve RA patients. Four RCTs comprising 2185 patients met the inclusion criteria. The ranking probability based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that upadacitinib 15 mg had the highest probability of achieving the American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response rate, followed by baricitinib 4 mg, tofacitinib 5 mg, filgotinib 200 mg, and MTX. Tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib treatments achieved significantly higher ACR50 and ACR70 responses compared to MTX. Tofacitinib 5 mg had the highest probability of achieving the ACR50 and ACR70 response rates, followed by upadacitinib 15 mg, baricitinib 4 mg, filgotinib 200 mg, and MTX. The safety analysis based on serious adverse events, adverse events (AEs), and withdrawals due to AEs revealed no statistically significant differences between the respective intervention groups. In conclusion, tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib were effective treatment options for DMARD-naïve RA patients, suggesting a difference in efficacy and safety among the different JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-K Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, 02841, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism and circulating PAI-1 level in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis : A meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol 2020; 79:312-318. [PMID: 31428858 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-019-00689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systemically reviewed the evidence regarding the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI‑1) 4G/5G polymorphism and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)/lupus nephritis (LN) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the relationship between circulating PAI‑1 levels and SLE/LN and RA. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis on the association between the PAI‑1 4G/5G polymorphism and SLE/LN or RA risk and serum/plasma PAI‑1 levels in patients with SLE/LN and RA and healthy controls. RESULTS Nine articles including 657 patients with SLE and 668 controls and 567 patients with RA and 772 controls were included. No association was revealed between SLE and PAI‑1 4G allele in all study subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 0.944, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.808-1.102, p = 0.463). Ethnicity-based stratification showed no association between the PAI‑1 4G allele and SLE among Europeans and Asians. No association was detected between LN and RA and the PAI‑1 4G allele (OR = 0.886, 95% CI = 0.713-1.102, p = 0.278; OR = 0.8736, 95% CI = 0.747-1.020, p = 0.088, respectively) or between SLE/LN and RA and the PAI‑1 4G/5G polymorphism using the recessive and dominant models and homozygote contrast. The circulating PAI‑1 level was significantly higher in the SLE group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.337, 95% CI = 0.057-0.619, p = 0.019). However, serum/plasma PAI‑1 level showed no significant difference between RA and control group (SMD = 0.333, 95% CI = -0.6989-1.35, p = 0.527). CONCLUSIONS There was no association between the PAI‑1 4G/5G polymorphism and SLE/LN and RA development and significantly higher levels of circulating PAI‑1 were observed in patients with SLE but not in those with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of). .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Lee J, Yoo YM, Lee YH, Kim CH. [Melatonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2020; 54:233-243. [PMID: 32392192 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898420020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major disease that causes significant complications. Inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation has the potential to prevent obesity and metabolic diseases. Melatonin is a pineal gland hormone that has various effects on cells and tissues. In this research, we investigated whether melatonin induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured until confluence and then treated with 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μM melatonin for 1, 3, and 5 days. A cell viability assay kit was used for determining cell viability. Cell death marker proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis using GAPDH for control. Apoptotic morphological changes with nuclei fragmentation were observed using DAPI staining. Melatonin treatment decreased the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) activation while increasing the activation of caspase-3, 8, and 9. Furthermore, melatonin not only increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) but decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression as dose increases from 0 to 1000 μM. The melatonin treatment also suppressed the growth of preadipocytes with increasing concentration. These effects were attenuated by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist and U0126, an inhibitor of p-ERK activation. In conclusion, melatonin can induce apoptosis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via p-ERK decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - Y-M Yoo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493 Republic of Korea.,
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Lee YH, Song GG. Comparative efficacy and safety of secukinumab and ixekizumab in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Z Rheumatol 2020; 80:776-784. [PMID: 32648054 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of secukinumab and ixekizumab in active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. METHODS A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted using direct and indirect data from five randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy and safety of secukinumab 150 mg every 4 weeks and ixekizumab 80 mg every 2 weeks (IXEQ2W) or every 4 weeks (IXEQ4W) in active AS patients. RESULTS Data from 1433 patients were analyzed. The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society evaluation 20% response rates (ASAS20) were significantly higher with secukinumab 150 mg, IXEQ2W, IXEQ2W, and adalimumab 40 mg (odds ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% Bayesian credible interval [CrI] 2.04-3.69; OR 2.59, 95% CrI 1.69-3.98; OR 2.45, 95% CrI 1.60-3.75; and OR 1.94, 95% CrI 1.13-3.37, respectively) compared to the placebo group. Efficacies of secukinumab and ixekizumab were numerically higher compared to adalimumab 40 mg, although there was no significant difference in the ASAS20 response rates. The ASAS40 response rate showed a pattern of distribution similar to the ASAS20 response rate, with the exception of the ixekizumab group, which was associated with the most favorable surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for the ASAS40 response rate. Based on the SUCRA rating, secukinumab 150 mg had the highest probability of being the best ASAS20 response rate therapy, followed by IXEQ2W, IXEQ4W, adalimumab 40 mg, and placebo. There was no significant difference between the treatments regarding the number of serious adverse events (SAEs). CONCLUSION Secukinumab and ixekizumab were effective in active AS treatment, without the risk of SAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, 136-705, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
| | - G G Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Jung JH, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Baik K, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Sex-specific association of urate and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1948-1956. [PMID: 32441832 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As a major antioxidant, uric acid (UA) is known to be associated with the clinical progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated whether baseline UA levels are associated with the risk for levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD in a sex-dependent manner. METHODS In all, 152 patients with de novo PD (78 males and 74 females) who were followed up for >2 years were enrolled. The effect of baseline serum UA levels on LID-free survival was assessed by Cox regression, separately for sex, whilst being adjusted for potential confounding factors. The optimal UA level cut-off value to determine the high-risk group for LID was set using Contal and O'Quigley's method. RESULTS Levodopa-induced dyskinesia developed in 23 (29.5%) male patients and 30 (40.5%) female patients. Cox regression showed a significant interaction between UA level and sex. Higher UA levels were associated with a higher risk for LID in male PD patients (hazard ratio 1.380; 95% confidence interval 1.038-1.835; P = 0.027), although this relationship was not observed in female PD patients. The optimal UA level cut-off for LID in male PD was 7.2 mg/dl, and the high UA group had a 5.7-fold higher risk of developing LID than the low UA group. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to a presumptive beneficial role of UA, the present study demonstrated that higher UA levels are associated with increased risk of LID occurrence in male patients with PD, suggesting a sex-dependent role of UA in LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - H S Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B S Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Chiou WR, Chuang JY, Huang CC, Lin PL, Lee YH. 75Safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban in combination with anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rivaroxaban is useful for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Most patients with non-permanent AF also treated with anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) to prevent the recurrence of arrhythmia. But there are limited data regarding drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and AADs despite its high clinical relevance.
Purpose
To compare the bleeding risks and ischemic events between the use of rivaroxaban alone and the concomitant use of AADs.
Methods
This is a multicenter retrospective study, which identified patients with a diagnosis of non-permanent AF who received rivaroxaban more than 1 month between December 1, 2011 and November 30, 2016. The study divided patients into 4 groups : rivaroxaban alone, combined with amiodarone, dronedarone and propafenone. We compared the clinical events and cumulative incidences to compare the endpoints including efficacy endpoint (new ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or new
embolism), safety endpoints (Hb fall more than 2g/dL or transfusion more than 2U PRBC, critical site bleeding, or fatal bleeding.) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, new ischemic stroke, new embolism, or intracranial hemorrhage.
Results
Of 1777 enrolled patients, the rivaroxaban alone was 1205 cases, 177 in amiodarone group, 231 in dronedarone group and 164 in propafenone group. There was no statistically significant difference on efficacy endpoints, safety endpoints and MACE between the 4 groups. The average dosage of rivaroxaban was insignificantly the lowest in the group combined with dronedarone (12.3mg, p = 0.146). The rate of new embolism (0%, p = 0.029), recurrent heart failure admission rate (3.9%, p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (3.0%, p = 0.013) in dronedarone group showed a significant lower occurrence rate. The occurrence rate of new ischemic stroke (0.9%, p = 0.549), new hemorrhagic stroke (0.4%, p = 0.546), efficacy endpoints (1.7%, p = 0.369) and MACE (3.9%, p = 0.72) in dronedarone droup were the lowest but insignificant. The cumulative incidences of efficacy endpoints, safety endpoints and MACE during follow-up period were also similar in these four groups.(Picture 1)
Conclusions
In patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation, this real-world study showed that there were no significant differences between using rivaroxaban alone or concomitant with an AAD (dronedarone/amiodarone/propafenone) on events such as new ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, GI bleeding and MACEs. The happening of new embolism was lower especially in the group combined with dronedarone. The safety and efficacy between rivaroxaban alone and combined with rhythm control using AADs proved to be the same. Relative low dose rivaroxaban combined with dronedarone did not increase the bleeding risk, and may decrease the probability of thromboembolism.
Abstract Figure. Picture 1
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chiou
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Chuang
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P L Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lee
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiou WR, Hsieh MC, Chuang HN, Huang CC, Chuang JY, Lin PL, Lee YH. P1064Using Data Mining to Predict Bleeding Events caused by Novel Oral Anticoagulants. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) is important in preventing thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Bleeding risk was evaluated by HAS-BLED score traditionally. Data mining is a relatively new discipline that has sprung up at the confluence of several other disciplines, driven primarily by the growth of large databases.
Purpose
This study aimed to find a useful predictive model by data mining to assess the risk of rivaroxaban, an antithrombotic drug that causes bleeding in AF patients. The seven parameters of the HAS-BLED score were used to predict the effect of rivaroxaban on bleeding tendency in AF patients and may provide clinicians with appropriate treatments to avoid complications from bleeding events and reduce the incidence of health damage.
Methods
Through conducting a multicenter retrospective study, we identified patients with AF who were treated with rivaroxaban for more than 1 month between December 1, 2011 and November 30, 2016. After preprocessing, the established data were used for training and testing of data mining models. This study evaluated four models, including association rules, neural networks, Bayesian classification, and decision trees.
Result
Of the 872 enrolled cases, 432 were in any of the bleeding groups and 432 were in the non-bleeding randomized control group. After comparing the overall classification accuracy, omission error and over-prediction error, the decision tree proved to be the most accurate model for bleeding prediction. The overall classification accuracy is 77%, the omission error is 15%, the over-prediction error is 21.9%, and the AUC score is 0.84. The results show that the model has good discriminative ability and visibility of decision rules.
Conclusion
Among several data mining models, decision tree proved to be the most accurate model for bleeding prediction. The conclusion of this study can be used as a reference for supporting decision making before anticoagulation treatment and suggest future research to compare efficacy of bleeding prediction between HAS-BLED score and decision tree.
Data mining comparison Model Omission error Commission error Overall accuracy AUC score Ranking Decision tree 15.0% 21.90% 77.00% 0.84 1 Association rules 16.8% 27.20% 76.50% 0.81 2 Neural networks 12.0% 26.40% 78.20% 0.83 3 Bayesian classification 16.1% 27.50% 76.50% 0.83 4
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chiou
- Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - M C Hsieh
- National Taitung University, Department of Information Science and Management Systems, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H N Chuang
- National Taitung University, Department of Information Science and Management Systems, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C C Huang
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Chuang
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P L Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lee
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the relationship between circulating interleukin-23 (IL‑23) levels and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and establish a correlation between these hematological indices and AS activity/severity. METHODS We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases; performed a meta-analysis comparing serum/plasma IL‑23 levels in patients with AS to those of controls; and examined the correlation coefficients between serum/plasma IL‑23 levels and AS activity. RESULTS Ten studies including 1724 patients with AS and 1589 controls were included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that circulating IL‑23 levels were significantly higher in the AS than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] 1.479; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.308-2.650; p = 0.013). Stratification by ethnicity showed a significantly increased IL‑23 level in the AS group in an Asian population (SMD 1.551; 95% CI 0.543-2.558; p = 0.003). Stratification by adjustment for age and sex revealed significantly higher IL‑23 levels in the AS adjustment group. Subgroup analysis of sample size showed a significantly higher IL‑23 level for a small (n < 150) sample number in the AS group. Meta-analysis of correlation coefficients revealed that the IL‑23 level was positively associated with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI; correlation coefficient 0.464; 95% CI 0.027-0.752; p = 0.038), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; correlation coefficient 0.258; 95% CI 0.076-0.422; p = 0.006), and C‑reactive protein (CRP; correlation coefficient 0.291; 95% CI 0.053-0.498; p = 0.017). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that the circulating IL‑23 level is significantly higher in patients with AS, and a significant positive correlation exists between the circulating IL‑23 level and BASMI, ESR, and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, 02841, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Korea (Republic of).
| | - G G Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Yoo HS, Chung SJ, Lee YH, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Cognitive anosognosia is associated with frontal dysfunction and lower depression in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:951-958. [PMID: 32090410 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anosognosia refers to a deficit of self-awareness or impaired insight for cognitive and behavioral problems. Cognitive anosognosia was explored in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms was investigated. METHODS The cross-sectional study enrolled 340 drug-naïve patients with PD. According to the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive complaint, patients were classified as patients with cognitive anosognosia (PD-CA, n = 74), with normal cognitive recognition (PD-NR, n = 184) or with cognitive underestimation (PD-CU, n = 82). After controlling for covariates, cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms were compared between the PD groups. RESULTS Cognitive anosognosia was found in 21.8% of patients with de novo PD. The PD-CA group showed poorer performance in all cognitive domains except for attention. Amongst PD patients with MCI, those with cognitive anosognosia showed lower composite z-scores in the Stroop color reading test than those without. The Beck Depression Inventory score in the PD-NR group was lower than that in the PD-CU group and higher than that in the PD-CA group. The Cognitive Complaints Interview score mediated the association between cognitive anosognosia and Beck Depression Inventory score. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive anosognosia in PD was associated with greater frontal dysfunction and lower depression. Since cognitive anosognosia has a harmful impact on PD patients and their caregivers due to overestimation of their abilities in everyday life, early identification of cognitive anosognosia in PD is important in management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B S Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Schumacher JD, Kong B, Wu J, Rizzolo D, Armstrong LE, Chow MD, Goedken M, Lee YH, Guo GL. Direct and Indirect Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 15 and FGF19 on Liver Fibrosis Development. Hepatology 2020; 71:670-685. [PMID: 31206730 PMCID: PMC6918008 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) induces fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15; human ortholog FGF19) in the gut to potently inhibit bile acid (BA) synthesis in the liver. FXR activation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) reduces liver fibrosis (LF). Fgf15-/- mice develop attenuated LF, but the underlying mechanisms for this protection are unclear. We hypothesized that FGF15/19 functions as a profibrotic mediator or mitogen to HSCs and increased BAs in Fgf15-/- mice leads to enhanced FXR activation in HSCs, subsequently reducing fibrogenesis. In this study, complimentary in vivo and in vitro approaches were used: (1) CCl4 -induced LF model in wild type (WT), Fgf15-/- , and Fgf15 transgenic (TG) mice with BA levels modulated by feeding cholestyramine- or cholic acid-containing diets; (2) analysis of primary HSCs isolated from WT and Fgf15-/- mice; and (3) treatment of a human HSC line, LX-2, with FXR activators and/or recombinant FGF19 protein. The results showed that Fgf15-/- mice had lower basal collagen expression, which was increased by BA sequestration. CCl4 induced fibrosis with similar severity in all genotypes; however, cholestyramine increased fibrosis severity only in Fgf15-/- mice. HSCs from Fgf15-/- mice showed increased FXR activity and reduced expression of profibrotic mediators. In LX-2 cells, FXR activation increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity and reduced proliferation. FGF19 activated both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways and reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling without increasing fibrogenic gene expression or cell proliferation. Conclusion: FGF15/19 does not act as a direct profibrotic mediator or mitogen to HSCs in our models, and the protection against fibrosis by FGF15 deficiency may be mediated through increased BA activation of FXR in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JD Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - B Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - J Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - D Rizzolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - LE Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - MD Chow
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - M Goedken
- Research pathology services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - YH Lee
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - GL Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ.,Environmental and Occupational Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ.,VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ,Corresponding author: Grace L. Guo, MBBS, PhD, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854; ; phone - 848-445-8186
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Suh YC, Oh TM, Lee YH, Kim EK, Han HH, Eom JS. Effects of hydrochlorothiazide on drainage volume and seroma formation in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: Randomized controlled trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 73:663-672. [PMID: 31843386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroma is a recognized complication encountered at the reconstructed breast and donor site after abdominal-based breast reconstruction. Seroma is caused by lymphatic channel disruption and the formation of a large space between the deep fascia during flap elevation. Surgical techniques to preserve the lymphatics and secure the closure of the donor site can reduce seroma formation. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide at reducing interstitial fluid accumulation and seroma formation during deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. METHODS Sixty patients with breast cancer who underwent skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy and DIEP flap reconstruction were enrolled between August 2016 and June 2017. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 25 mg per day of hydrochlorothiazide from the second to the twentieth day after surgery (treatment) or no diuretic (control). The clinicopathological characteristics, drainage time, and drainage volume were statistically compared between the two groups. RESULTS The average total drainage volume at the donor site was 291 mL in the treatment group and 434 mL in the control group (p = 0.003). The differences in body mass index and flap weight between the two groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.879 and p = 0.963, respectively). No hypotension or electrolyte imbalance was noted during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Intake of 25 mg per day of hydrochlorothiazide tablets effectively reduced the total abdominal drainage volume and removal time of indwelling drains. However, the adverse effects should be further investigated in a large population and multiracial cohort before using hydrochlorothiazide for seroma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Suh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 327, Sosa-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - T M Oh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E K Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Eom
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon GE, Jung JK, Lee YH, Jang BC, In Kim J. Histone deacetylase inhibitor CG200745 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hypertension via inhibition of angiotensin II production. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:491-500. [PMID: 31655853 PMCID: PMC7280340 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is growing rapidly worldwide due to consumption of westernized diet and lack of exercise. Obesity is one of the major risk factors of hypertension. The novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor CG200745 was originally developed to treat various cancers. Previous studies showed that CG200745 attenuated hypertension through inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced hypertensive rat. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of CG200745 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension. Nine-week old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 17 weeks. Each group of mice was treated with vehicle or CG200745 by intraperitoneal injection for 9 days. HFD group showed higher body weight, blood pressure (BP), HDAC activities, angiotensinogen and renin expressions in kidney, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression in the lung, serum angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration, and myosin light chain20 (MLC20) phosphorylation in mesenteric artery compared with ND group. CG200745 lowered BP, HDAC activity, renin and angiotensinogen in the kidney, ACE in the lung, serum Ang II level, and phosphorylation of MLC20 in HFD group. In conclusion, CG200745 ameliorated HFD-induced hypertension through inhibition of HDAC/Ang II/vascular contraction axis. Our results offer CG200745 as a novel therapeutic option for HFD-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ki Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Objective The objective of this analysis was to explore associations between paraoxonase-1 levels, gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Meta-analyses of paraoxonase-1 levels and Q192R and L55M and polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus were conducted. Results Nine articles were incorporated in our meta-analysis, which uncovered that the paraoxonase-1 level was decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus compared to control (standard mean difference = −1.626, 95% confidence interval = −2.829–−0.424, p = 0.008). Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis demonstrated a relation tendency between decreased paraoxonase-1 activity and lupus in Europeans (standard mean difference = −1.236, 95% confidence interval = −2.634–0.163, p = 0.083). Paraoxonase-1 activity was reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus in a single Arab and African population. Decreased paraoxonase-1 activity was found in a small sample of systemic lupus erythematosus patients (standard mean difference = −1.642, 95% confidence interval = −3.076–−0.247, p = 0.021). Ethnicity-specific analysis indicated a relationship between the paraoxonase-1 55 M allele in the Arab systemic lupus erythematosus population. However, a lack of association with systemic lupus erythematosus and the paraoxonase-1 192 R allele was observed. Conclusions Meta-analyses revealed reduced paraoxonase-1 activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and found possible associations between systemic lupus erythematosus and paraoxonase-1 L55M polymorphism in a specific ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S -C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Yoo HS, Lee EC, Chung SJ, Lee YH, Lee SG, Yun M, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Seong JK, Ye BS. Effects of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease on subcortical atrophy. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:318-326. [PMID: 31487756 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subcortical structures are affected by neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). Although the co-occurrence of AD and LBD pathologies and their possible interaction have been reported, the effect of AD and LBD on subcortical structures remains unknown. The effects of AD and LBD on subcortical atrophy and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction were investigated. METHODS The cross-sectional study recruited 42 patients with pure AD related cognitive impairment (ADCI), 30 patients with pure LBD related cognitive impairment (LBCI), 58 patients with mixed ADCI and LBCI, and 29 normal subjects. A general linear model was used to compare subcortical volume and shape amongst the groups, to investigate the independent and interaction effects of ADCI and LBCI on subcortical shape and volume, and to analyze the relationship between subcortical volume and cognitive dysfunction in each group. RESULTS Alzheimer's disease related cognitive impairment and LBCI were independently associated with subcortical atrophies in the hippocampus and amygdala and in the hippocampus and putamen respectively, but their interaction effect was not significant. Compared to the control group, the pure LBCI group exhibited additional local atrophies in the amygdala, caudate and thalamus. Subcortical atrophies correlated differently with cognitive dysfunction according to the underlying causes of cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of subcortical atrophies and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction differ according to the underlying AD, LBD or concomitant AD and LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E C Lee
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S G Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-K Seong
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B S Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether alcohol intake is causally associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. We used the publicly available summary statistics of alcohol intake frequency from the UK Biobank genome-wide association studies (GWASs; n = 336,965) as the exposure and a GWAS meta-analysis of 5539 autoantibody-positive RA patients and 20,169 controls as the outcome. RESULTS We selected 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with alcohol intake frequency at genome-wide significance as instrumental variables (IVs) to improve inference, 16 of which were inversely associated with RA. The IVW method showed no evidence of a causal association between alcohol intake and RA (beta = 0.218, SE = 0.213, p = 0.306). The MR-Egger regression revealed that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to bias the result (intercept = 0.027, p = 0.292). The MR-Egger analysis and the weighted median approach showed no causal association between alcohol intake and RA (beta = -0.778, SE = 0.947, p = 0.420 and beta = -0.286, SE = 0.302, p = 0.344, respectively). Cochran's Q test did not indicate heterogeneity between IV estimates based on the individual variants, and results from a "leave-one-out" analysis demonstrated that no single SNP was driving the IVW point estimate. CONCLUSION The MR analysis does not support a causal inverse association between alcohol intake and RA occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Z Rheumatol 2019; 78:559-567. [PMID: 30191390 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib were assessed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologics. METHODS We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in combination with DMARDs in RA patients with an inadequate DMARD or biologic response. RESULTS Twelve RCTs including 5883 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 15 pairwise comparisons including 10 direct comparisons of 6 interventions. Tofacitinib 10 mg + methotrexate (MTX) and baricitinib 4 mg + MTX were among the most effective treatments for active RA with an inadequate DMARD or biologic response, followed by baricitinib 2 mg + MTX, tofacitinib 5 mg + MTX, and adalimumab + MTX. The ranking probability based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that tofacitinib 10 mg + MTX had the highest probability of being the best treatment to achieve the ACR20 response rate (SUCRA = 0.865), followed by baricitinib 4 mg + MTX (SUCRA = 0.774), baricitinib 2 mg + MTX (SUCRA = 0.552), tofacitinib 5 mg + MTX (SUCRA = 0.512), adalimumab + MTX (SUCRA = 0.297), and placebo + MTX (SUCRA <0.001). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of serious adverse events after treatment with tofacitinib + MTX, baricitinib + MTX, adalimumab + MTX, or placebo + MTX. CONCLUSIONS In RA patients with an inadequate response to DMARDs or biologics, tofacitinib 10 mg + MTX and baricitinib 4 mg + MTX were the most efficacious interventions and were not associated with a significant risk of serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is causally associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. We used the publicly available summary statistics datasets from three-stage trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses of 29,880 RA cases and 73,758 controls as exposures and a meta-analysis of 4 GWAS datasets consisting of 17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls of European descent as outcomes. RESULTS We selected 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWAS data on RA as instrumental variables (IVs), 60 of which were associated with RA on a genome-wide significance level. The IVW method showed evidence to support an inverse causal association between RA and AD (β = -0.039, standard error [SE] = 0.017, P = 0.021). MR-Egger regression revealed that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to be a source of bias in the results (intercept = 0.002; P = 0.649). The MR-Egger analysis showed no causal association between RA and AD (β = -0.050, SE = 0.030, P = 0.096). However, the weighted median approach showed that RA and AD were causally linked (β = -0.078, SE = 0.024, P = 0.001). The funnel plot did not show heterogeneity between IV estimates based on the individual variants. CONCLUSIONS The MR analysis supports that RA was causally associated with a reduced risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Dutta S, Yu SM, Jeong SC, Lee YH. High-throughput analysis of genes involved in biocontrol performance of Pseudomonas fluorescens NBC275 against Gray mold. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:265-279. [PMID: 31574191 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Many physiological and microbial characteristics influence the biocontrol performance of the biological control agents (BCAs) in agricultural fields. To implement effective biocontrol, the contribution of specific genes, mechanisms and traits to the biocontrol performance of BCAs need to be characterized and explored in greater detail. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a transposon (Tn) mutant library using the BCA Pseudomonas fluorescens NBC275 (Pf275) was generated to explore genes and bacterial characteristics involved in antifungal activity and biocontrol performance. Among the Tn mutants, 205 strains showing variations in antifungal activity compared to wild-type (WT) were selected and further analysed for biocontrol efficacy against gray mold in pepper fruits. The genes involved in pyoverdine biosynthesis (pvdI and pvdD) and chitin-binding protein (gbpA) played essential roles in the antifungal activity and biocontrol capacity of Pf275. In addition, a mutation in phlD completely abolished the antifungal activity and significantly suppressed the biocontrol ability of the strain. Genes affecting antifungal activity of Pf275 significantly influenced swimming motility, which was identified as an important trait for the biocontrol ability of the bacterial strain. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that antifungal compound production, siderophore biosynthesis and swimming motility synergistically contribute to Pf275 biocontrol performance. The utility of this library was demonstrated by identifying genes for antagonism and biocontrol ability in this BCA strain. The functional roles of many genes identified as contributing to antagonism and in vivo biocontrol activity require further study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THIS STUDY Genes contributing to antifungal activity and biocontrol performance of P. fluorescens were identified and highlighted by Tn mutagenesis, which will give insight to improve the biocontrol performance of this BCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dutta
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S-M Yu
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Plant Medical Research Center, and Institute of Bio-industry, Chonbuk National University, Ikansi-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PSL, Lee YH, Poon KKY, Lam DWS, Yeung AYT, Lam K, Ma ESK. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2016/17. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 6:1-24. [PMID: 31761760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P S L Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K Y Poon
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A Y T Yeung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K Lam
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E S K Ma
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between CD40 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus and correlation between soluble CD40 and CD40 ligand levels in the disease: a meta-analysis. Lupus 2019; 28:1452-1459. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319878822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence regarding the association between CD40 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus and between soluble CD40 (sCD40) and CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels and systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods We performed a meta-analysis on the association between CD40 rs4810495, rs1883832, and rs376545 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus risk and sCD40/sCD40L levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and controls. Results Fourteen studies were included. Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis indicated a significant association between the T allele of CD40 rs4810485 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in Europeans (odds ratio = 0.715, 95% confidence interval = 0.641–0.832, p < 0.001) and a trend toward an association between the T allele and systemic lupus erythematosus in Asians (odds ratio = 1.255, 95% confidence interval = 0.978–1.810, p = 0.074). Furthermore, a significant association was reported between systemic lupus erythematosus and the C allele of CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism (odds ratio = 1.235, 95% confidence interval = 1.087–1.405, p = 0.001) and A allele of CD40 rs3765456 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in Asians (odds ratio = 1.184, 95% confidence interval = 1.040–1.348, p = 0.011). sCD40 and sCD40L levels were significantly higher in SLE than in controls (standardized mean difference = 1.564, 95% confidence interval = 0.256–2.872, p = 0.019 and standardized mean difference = 1.499, 95% confidence interval = 1.031–1.967, p < 0.001, respectively). Stratification based on ethnicity revealed higher sCD40L levels in the systemic lupus erythematosus group among European, Asian, North American, and Arab populations. Conclusions Our meta-analyses found associations between CD40 rs4810495, rs1883832, and rs376545 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility and significantly higher sCD40 and sCD40L levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S -C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and rheumatoid arthritis : A meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol 2019; 77:522-532. [PMID: 28555277 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-017-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (anti-P. gingivalis) antibody levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its correlation with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing (a) anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels in RA patients and healthy controls and (b) the correlation coefficients between the anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels and ACPA in RA patients. RESULTS The study included 14 articles with 3829 RA patients and 1239 controls. Our meta-analysis showed that anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.630, 95% CI = 0.272-0.989, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that RA patients had significantly elevated anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels compared with healthy controls, but not compared with the non-RA control group and also not between different sample sizes. Anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group in the age-/sex-matched population, but not in the unmatched population. Anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels were significantly higher in the ACPA-positive group than in the ACPA-negative group (SMD = 0.322, 95% CI = 0.164-0.480, p = 6.4 × 10-5). Meta-analysis of the correlation coefficients showed a significant positive correlation between anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels and ACPA (correlation coefficient = 0.147, 95% CI = 0.033-0.258, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrated that anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with RA and they were positively correlated with ACPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative efficacy and safety of apremilast, secukinumab, and ustekinumab at different doses in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHOD A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted, which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the efficacy and safety of apremilast 20 mg, apremilast 30 mg, secukinumab 75 mg, secukinumab 150 mg, secukinumab 300 mg, ustekinumab 45 mg, and ustekinumab 90 mg compared with placebo. RESULTS Of the RCTs 8 comprising 3289 patients met the inclusion criteria. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate was significantly higher in the secukinumab 300 mg group than in the placebo group (odds ratio OR, 7.55; 95% confidence interval CI, 3.18-17.63). Secukinumab 150 mg, secukinumab 75 mg, ustekinumab 90 mg, apremilast 30 mg, apremilast 20 mg, and ustekinumab 45 mg were also more efficacious than placebo. There were no significant differences in the efficacy between the interventions. A dose-response relationship among the same drug groups was observed. The number of serious adverse events was not significantly different among the apremilast, secukinumab, ustekinumab, and placebo groups. CONCLUSION All drug treatments were more efficacious than placebo; however, there were no significant differences in the efficacy and safety between the drugs at the different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 136-705, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 136-705, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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Zhan T, Xiong J, Tan G, Lee YH, Yang J, Liu S, Wu ST. Improving near-eye display resolution by polarization multiplexing. Opt Express 2019; 27:15327-15334. [PMID: 31163730 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present here an optical approach to boost the apparent pixel density by utilizing the superimposition of two shifted-pixel grids generated by a Pancharatnam-Berry deflector (PBD). The content of the two shifted pixel grids are presented to the observer's eye simultaneously using a polarization-multiplexing method. Considering the compact and lightweight nature of PBD, this approach has potential applications in near-eye display systems. Moreover, the same concept can be extended to projection displays with proper modifications.
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Ki S, Kim KM, Lee YH, Bang JY, Choi BM, Noh GJ. Phase lag entropy as a hypnotic depth indicator during propofol sedation. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:1033-1040. [PMID: 31106853 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase lag entropy, an electro-encephalography-based hypnotic depth indicator, calculates diversity in temporal patterns of phase relationship. We compared the performance of phase lag entropy with the bispectral index™ in 30 patients scheduled for elective surgery. We initiated a target-controlled infusion of propofol using the Schnider model, and assessed sedation levels using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale every 30 s with each stepwise increase in the effect-site propofol concentration. Phase lag entropy and bispectral index values were recorded. The correlation coefficient and prediction probability between phase lag entropy or bispectral index and the sedation level or effect-site propofol concentration were analysed. We calculated baseline variabilities of phase lag entropy and bispectral index. In addition, we applied a non-linear mixed-effects model to obtain the pharmacodynamic relationships among the effect-site propofol concentration, phase lag entropy or bispectral index and sedation level. As sedation increased, phase lag entropy and bispectral index both decreased. The prediction probability values of phase lag entropy and bispectral index for sedation levels were 0.697 and 0.700 (p = 0.261) and for the effect-site concentration of propofol were 0.646 and 0.630 (p = 0.091), respectively. Baseline variability in phase lag entropy and bispectral index was 3.3 and 5.7, respectively. The predicted propofol concentrations, using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model, producing a 50% probability of moderate and deep sedation were 1.96 and 3.01 μg.ml-1 , respectively. Phase lag entropy was found to be useful as a hypnotic depth indicator in patients receiving propofol sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University of College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Bang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B M Choi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G J Noh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between the interferon regulatory factor 5 rs2004640 functional polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Lupus 2019; 28:740-747. [PMID: 31018759 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319844014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine whether the functional interferon regulatory factor 5 ( IRF5) polymorphism rs2004640 is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in multiple ethnic populations. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted on the T allele of the IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism in all study participants as well as each ethnic population. RESULTS Twenty research articles that included 28 comparative studies of 20,892 patients and 24,930 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The Asian population had a much lower prevalence of the T allele than any other study population at 28%, and the European population had the highest prevalence of the T allele at 52%. Meta-analysis showed an association between the IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism and SLE in all participants (odds ratio = 1.472, 95% confidence interval = 1.370-1.582, p < 0.001). Analysis after stratification by ethnicity indicated that the IRF5 rs2004640 T allele is significantly associated with SLE in Europeans, Asians, Latin Americans and Arabs. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms that the IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism is associated with SLE susceptibility in different ethnic groups, and that its prevalence is ethnicity dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bae
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- 2 Department of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yin K, Lee YH, He Z, Wu ST. Stretchable, flexible, rollable, and adherable polarization volume grating film. Opt Express 2019; 27:5814-5823. [PMID: 30876176 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) have many applications, including filters, wavelength multiplexing devices, and see-through displays. As a kind of VBGs, polarization volume gratings (PVGs) based on liquid crystal polymer have the advantages of nearly 100% efficiency, large deflection angle, and high polarization selectivity. However, previous reports regarding PVGs did not address high efficiency, tunable periodicity, and flexibility. Here, we report a stretchable, flexible, and rollable PVG film with high diffraction efficiency. The control of PVG by mechanical stretching is investigated, while the Bragg reflection band shift is evaluated quantitatively. Moreover, we quantified the deflection angle change's behavior, which has promising potential for laser beam steering applications. The mechanical robustness under stretch-release cycles is also scrutinized.
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Talukder JR, Lee YH, Wu ST. Photo-responsive dye-doped liquid crystals for smart windows. Opt Express 2019; 27:4480-4487. [PMID: 30876066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An electric field drives most dye-doped liquid crystal devices. Here, we demonstrate a new photo-responsive dye-doped self-organized cholesteric liquid crystal device. Upon UV or blue light exposure, the helical twisting power of the chiral azobenzene changes because of the trans-cis isomerization. As a result, the initially vertically aligned liquid crystal directors and dye molecules will change from transparent state to dark state. Such a polarizer-free photo-activated dimmer can be used for wide range of applications, such as diffractive photonic devices, portable information system, vehicular head-up displays, and as a smart window for energy-saving buildings.
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Zhan T, Xiong J, Lee YH, Chen R, Wu ST. Fabrication of Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements with highly stable polarization holography. Opt Express 2019; 27:2632-2642. [PMID: 30732298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-dependent diffraction based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs) offers considerable benefits compared to conventional metasurfaces, such as negligible absorption, nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and an inexpensive fabrication process. Polarization holography is a simple way to fabricate PBOEs, which entails the interference of beams with different polarizations to generate a spatial-varying polarization field. Thus, the quality of recorded PBOEs manifests high sensitivity to the length change and phase shift between polarized beams, usually caused by environmental vibration and air flow. Here, new polarization holography based on modified Sagnac interferometry is developed for fabricating liquid crystal-based PB gratings and lenses, where the pitch of grating and optical power of lens could be easily tuned. This approach offers high tolerance to environmental disturbance during the exposure process. Detailed design parameters are analyzed, and the fabricated PBOEs with high optical quality are also demonstrated.
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Zhan T, Xiong J, Lee YH, Wu ST. Polarization-independent Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens system. Opt Express 2018; 26:35026-35033. [PMID: 30650917 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.035026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The conventional liquid crystal-based Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase lens exhibits distinct polarization selectivity, manifesting opposite optical power to circularly polarized light with opposite handedness. Here, a polarization-independent liquid crystal PB lens system is theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. Such a lens system consists of at least four PB lenses, with specific distances in between them. This enables the PB lens to be applied in polarization-independent optical systems.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine whether alcohol intake is causally associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods. We used the publicly available summary statistics of alcohol intake frequency from the UK Biobank genome-wide association studies (GWASs; n = 336,965) as the exposure and an SLE GWAS consisting of 1311 SLE and 1783 control subjects of European descent as the outcome. RESULTS We selected 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with alcohol intake frequency at genome-wide significance as instrumental variables to improve inference. The IVW method found no evidence to support a causal association between alcohol intake and SLE (beta = -0.413, SE = 0.513, p = 0.421). The MR-Egger regression revealed that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to bias the result (intercept = 0.031, p = 0.582). The MR-Egger analysis found no causal association between alcohol intake and SLE (beta = -1.494, SE = 1.996, p = 0.464). Likewise, the weighted median approach also did not provide evidence of a causal association between alcohol intake and SLE (beta = -0.538, SE = 0.574, p = 0.349). The MR estimates determined using the IVW, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods were consistent and results from a "leave-one-out" analysis demonstrated that no single SNP was driving the IVW point estimate. CONCLUSIONS The results of MR analysis do not support a causal inverse association between alcohol intake and SLE occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bae
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- 2 Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YH. Vitamin D receptor ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:498-505. [PMID: 30474246 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is considered a regulator of the immune system, and its polymorphisms have been associated with psoriasis in some but not all reports. AIM To explore whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis. METHODS Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the associations between psoriasis and the VDR ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI polymorphisms in all participants, and stratified by ethnic group. RESULTS In total, 16 studies on VDR polymorphisms and psoriasis were included in this meta-analysis, which involved 2086 patients and 2182 controls. The meta-analysis indicated an association between psoriasis and the VDR TaqI TT genotype in Caucasian (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00-1.66, P < 0.05), but not in Asian (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.89-1.96, P = 0.16) populations. However, no association was found between psoriasis and the VDR TaqI polymorphism using dominant, allele contrast or homozygous contrast models. No association was found between psoriasis and either the VDR ApaI, BsmI or FokI polymorphisms by meta-analyses of the allele contrast, recessive, or dominant models or homozygous contrast models in the overall, Caucasian or Asian populations. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that polymorphisms in VDR ApaI, BsmI and FokI are not associated with psoriasis susceptibility in overall, Caucasian or Asian populations. However, the VDR TaqI polymorphism is associated with psoriasis susceptibility in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We demonstrate a polarization-multiplexed multiplane display system for near-eye applications. A polarization-sensitive Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens is implemented to generate two focal depths simultaneously. A spatial polarization modulator is utilized to direct the two images to designated focal planes. Based on this design, a dual-focal-plane display system is constructed without space- or time-multiplexing operations, to suppress the vergence-accommodation conflict successfully.
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